| Al-Ashraf Musa | |
|---|---|
| Emir of Jazirah King of Armenia Emir of Damascus | |
 copper coin of Al-Ashraf muzaffar al-din in Al-Jazira | |
| Emir ofJazira | |
| Reign | 1210–1229 |
| Predecessor | Al-Awhad Ayyub |
| Successor | Al-Muzaffar Ghazi |
| Sultan ofSham | |
| Reign | 1229–1237 |
| Predecessor | An-Nasir Dawud |
| Successor | Al-Salih Ismail |
| Born | 1178 |
| Died | 27 August 1237(1237-08-27) (aged 58–59) |
| Spouse | Terjan Khatun Tamta Mkhargrdzeli |
| Dynasty | Ayyubid |
| Father | Al-Adil I |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Al-Ashraf oral-Ashraf Musa orAl-Ashraf Shah Arman[1] (died 27 August 1237), fullyAl-Ashraf Musa Abu'l-Fath al-Muzaffar ad-Din, was aKurdish ruler of theAyyubid dynasty.
The son of Sultanal-Adil I, al-Ashraf was installed by his father inHarran in 1201 as Governor of theJezireh. He continued to rule the region after the death of his father in 1218, until 1229.
In 1207, theShah-Arman was taken over by the Ayyubids, who had long covetedAhlat. The Ayyubids had come to the city at the invitation of people of Ahlat after the last Sökmenli ruler was killed by Tuğrulshah, the ruler (melik) of Erzurum on behalf of the Sultanate of Rum and brother of Sultan Kayqubad I. By 1209Georgia challenged Ayyubid rule in the Armenian highlands and led a liberation war for south Armenia. The Georgian army besieged Khlat. In response AyyubidSultan al-Adil I assembled and personally led a large army that included the emirs ofHoms,Hama, andBaalbek as well as contingents from other Ayyubid principalities to supportal-Awhad, emir of Jazira. During the siege, Georgian generalIvane Mkhargrdzeli accidentally fell into the hands of the al-Awhad on the outskirts of Ahlat. Using Ivane as a bargaining chip,al-Awhad agreed to release him in return for athirty year truce with Georgia, thus ending the immediate Georgian threat to the Ayyubids. This brought the struggle for the Armenian lands to a stall,[7] leaving the Lake Van region to the Ayyubids of Damascus.[8]
During his tenure, he minted some coins with the effigy ofSaladin and the legend"The Victorious King, Righteousness of the World and the Faith, Yusuf ibn Ayyub", following the model of earlier coins from the time of Saladin himself.[4]
His coinage was minted inMayyafariqin,Sinjar,Akhlat,Erbil,Harran.[9]
He took the Georgian princessTamta as one of his wives.[10]
After his brotheral-Mu'azzam's death in 1227, al-Ashraf received a request from his nephew, al-Muazzam's son,An-Nasir Dawud, for aid in opposing his brotheral-Kamil of Egypt. Instead, al-Ashraf and al-Kamil came to an agreement to divide their nephew's lands between them. Al-Ashrafcaptured Damascus in June 1229 and took control of the city, serving asemir of Damascus until his death in 1237. He tookBaalbek as well in 1230. In return, he ceded his lands in Mesopotamia toal-Kamil and acknowledged his supremacy, while an-Nasir had to be satisfied with the possession of a principality centered onKerak in the Transjordan region. A number of years later, al-Ashraf began to chafe under his brother's authority, and in 1237 allied himself withKayqubad I, theSeljuk Sultan of Rûm, and various Ayyubid princelings based in Syria, against al-Kamil. However, Kayqubad died early in the summer of that year, and al-Ashraf himself died on 27 August, breaking up the alliance. Al-Ashraf was succeeded in Damascus by his younger brother,as-Salih Ismail.[11]
. Also[1],[2]By the end of the 12th century, the wearing of thesharbush demonstrated support for Salah al-Din. Under the later Bahri Mamluks of Egypt and Syria it formed part of thekhil'a given to an amir on his investiture.
. Also[3],[4]Tamta, Ayyubid Wife of al-Ashraf Musa
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Emir of Harran 1218–1229 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Emir of Damascus 1229–1237 | Succeeded by |
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