Anaisleless church (German:Saalkirche) is a single-nave church building that consists of a single hall-like room. While similar to thehall church, the aisleless church lacksaisles or passageways on either side of the nave and separated from the nave bycolonnades orarcades, a row of pillars orcolumns. However, there is often no clear demarcation between the different building forms, and many churches, in the course of their construction history, developed from a combination of different types.
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Early aisleless churches were generally small because of the difficulty of spanning a large, open space without using pillars or columns. In many places, where the population made it necessary and money was available, former medieval hall churches were extended over the course of centuries until they became a hall church orbasilica. Starting in theRenaissance, the development of new technologies and better building materials allowed larger spaces to be spanned.
The basic form of the church hall is rectangular. Aisleless churches are generally aligned longitudinally so that thealtar andchoir are located at one of the narrower ends and are facing east. There are rare examples oftransept aisleless churches, in which the altar area occupies the short side east of the transept.
This form of church building has proliferated since the Renaissance, especially inProtestant churches. It became the basis of modern church architecture.In Norway, the aisleless and elongated "long church" is the most common design and is regarded as the typical Norwegian church.[1][2] The Norwegian long church usually includes anarthex/vestibule in a separate section, often in a somewhat lower and narrower room attached to the main body and traditionally in the western end of the building. Until 1940 about 850 of Norway's 1300 churches were aisleless; these numbers do not include some 1000 vanishedstave churches many of which were aisleless.[2] For instanceFlesberg Stave Church for 500 years had a rectangular aisleless ground plan until it was expanded in 1735 by adding three arms to a cruciform aisleless shape.[3]
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