| Agusan | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Mindanao |
Native speakers | (80,000 cited 1978–2002)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:msm – Agusan, Omayamnonmbd – Dibabawonmqk – Rajah Kabunsuwan |
| Glottolog | east2478 |
Agusan is aManobo language of northeasternMindanao in thePhilippines.
Agusan Manobo (consisting of the Umayam, Adgawan, Surigao, and Omayamnon dialects) is spoken in the following areas.[2]
Dibabawon Manobo is spoken in the following areas.[2]
Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo is spoken in the following areas.[2]
The Omayamnon, Dibabawon, and Rajah Kabunsuwan dialects are divergent.
In Agusan, the stops have unreleased variants when occurring before another consonant, silence, and in syllable-final position.[3] The glottal stop/ʔ/ occurs in all consonant positions.[3] Of the continuants, all occur in syllable-initial position and all except/h/ in word-final position. The consonants/d/ and/j/ are used interchangeably.[3]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | td | kg | ʔ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||
| Approximant | w | l | j |
Agusan has only five vowels,/i/,/u/,/e/,/æ/, and/a/. Vowels may appear alone, after a consonant, or between consonants in a syllable. All vowels, with the exception of/æ/, may occur "in a sequence of identical vowels separated by a glottal stop". The vowel/e/ never occurs next to the consonant/r/.[3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ||
| Low | æ | a |
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