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Agnes of Bohemia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Christian saint
Not to be confused withAgnes of Bohemia, Duchess of Jawor.
Saint

Agnes of Bohemia

OSC
Agnes of Bohemia
Princess, philanthropist and abbess
Born20 January 1211
Prague,Bohemia
Died2 March 1282[1]
Prague, Bohemia
Venerated inCatholic Church
(Order of St. Clare and the Czech Republic)
Beatified1874 byPope Pius IX
Canonized12 November 1989,Vatican City, byPope John Paul II
MajorshrineMonastery of St. Agnes
Prague, Czech Republic
Feast2 March
PatronageCzech Republic

Agnes of Bohemia,O.S.C. (Czech:Svatá Anežka Česká, 20 January 1211 – 2 March 1282), also known asAgnes of Prague, was a medievalBohemian princess who opted for a life of charity,mortification of the flesh and piety over a life of luxury and comfort. Although she was venerated soon after her death, Agnes was notbeatified orcanonized for over 700 years.

Life

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Childhood

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Agnes was the daughter of KingOttokar I of Bohemia,[2] making her a descendant ofLudmila of Bohemia andWenceslaus I,patron saints ofBohemia. Agnes's mother wasConstance of Hungary, who was the sister of KingAndrew II of Hungary, so Agnes was a first cousin toElizabeth of Hungary.

When she was three years old, Agnes was entrusted to the care ofHedwig of Andechs, the wife of DukeHenry I the Bearded ofSilesia.[3] Hedwig placed her to be educated by a community ofCisterciannuns in a monastery that she herself had founded inTrzebnica. Upon her return toPrague, Agnes was entrusted to apriory ofPremonstratensianCanonesses to continue her education.

Arranged marriages

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At the age of eight, Agnes was betrothed toHenry, son of EmperorFrederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.[4] Henry was ten years old and had just been crownedKing of Germany.[5] According to custom, Agnes should have spent her childhood at her future husband's court. Emperor Frederick,King of Sicily, had his court inPalermo, but his son Henry, King of Germany, lived inGermany at the palace of ArchbishopEngelbert inCologne.

Agnes was sent to the court of DukeLeopold VI of Babenberg. Leopold, however, wanted the young Henry to marry his daughter,Margaret. After being betrothed for six years, Henry and Agnes's betrothal contract was cancelled. Like other noble women of her time, Agnes was a valuable political pawn. In 1226, Agnes's father Ottokar went to war against the Babenbergs as a result of the cancelled betrothal. Ottokar then planned for Agnes to marryHenry III of England, but this was vetoed by the Emperor, who wanted to marry Agnes himself.[6]

Foundress

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Agnes of Bohemia Tending the Sick by the Bohemian Master, 1482

Agnes refused to play any more part in a politically arranged marriage. She decided to devote her life to prayer and spiritual works, for which she sought the help ofPope Gregory IX. Emperor Frederick is said to have remarked: "If she had left me for a mortal man, I would have taken vengeance with the sword, but I cannot take offence because in preference to me she has chosen the King of Heaven."[7]

On land donated by her brother,Wenceslaus I, King of Bohemia, she founded theHospital of St. Francis (circa 1232–33)[8] and two friaries for theFranciscan friars, who had just come to Bohemia at her brother's invitation. Through them, Agnes learned ofClare of Assisi and herOrder of Poor Ladies, the monastic counterpart of the friars. She began a correspondence with Clare (which lasted for over two decades).

Agnes built a monastery and friary complex attached to the hospital. It housed the Franciscan friars and the Poor Clare nuns who worked at the hospital.[9] This religious complex was one of the firstGothic buildings in Prague. This was the first Poor Clare community north of theAlps. In 1235, Agnes gave the property of theTeutonic Knights in Bohemia to the hospital. She herself became a member of what became known as the Franciscan Poor Clares in 1234.[7] As a nun, she cooked for and mended the clothes oflepers and paupers, even after becomingabbess of the Prague Clares the following year.[8] As can be seen in their correspondence, Clare wrote with deep maternal feelings toward Agnes, though they never met.[10]

A lay group working at the hospital was organized by Agnes in 1238 as a newmilitary order, dedicated primarily to nursing, known as theKnights of the Cross with the Red Star, following theRule of St. Augustine. That next year, Agnes handed over all authority over the hospital she had founded to these monastic knights. They were recognized as an order byPope Gregory IX in 1236–37.

Agnes lived out her life in the cloister, leading the monastery as abbess, until her death on 2 March 1282.

Legacy

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The Monastery of the Holy Savior, renamed theConvent of Saint Agnes, (Czech:Klášter sv. Anežky) began to fall into decline after theHussite Wars of the 15th century. The community was abolished in 1782. Restored in the 1960s, the building is now a branch of theNational Gallery in Prague, featuring the medieval Central European and Bohemian collections.[11]

Veneration

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The beatification process for Agnes was opened on 21 November 1872,[12] andPope Pius IXbeatified her in 1874.[13]Pope John Paul IIcanonized Blessed Agnes on 12 November 1989.[14][13] While she was known by her contemporaries because of her supposed visions and healing, such as her prophecy that King Wenceslaus would be victorious in his battle against the Austrians, her canonization was based on her practice of the Christian virtues of faith, hope, and charity to an extraordinary degree, and the church's view is confirmed either through a miracle granted by God in answer to the saint's prayers or as in this case, by the continuing devotion of the Christian faithful to a saint's example across centuries.

Though Agnes died in 1282, she is still venerated by Christians around the world more than 700 years later. She was honored in 2011, the 800th anniversary of her birth, as the Saint of the Overthrow of Communism,[15] with a year dedicated to her by Catholics in theCzech Republic.

Cultural reference

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On the occasion of the eight-hundredth anniversary of Agnes' birth, the Prague Archbishopric in cooperation with the National Gallery in Prague organized an exhibition called "Saint Agnes of Bohemia – Princess and Nun" at the national cultural heritage site, theConvent of Saint Agnes in Prague (Old Town). The exhibition was held from November 25, 2011, to March 25, 2012. A similar exhibition, also honoring Agnes of Bohemia, took place some 80 years ago. The exposition held about 300 exhibits. Contributing partners included are theKnights of the Cross with the Red Star, the National Archives andCharles University.[16]

Ancestry

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Ancestors of Agnes of Bohemia
16.Vratislaus II of Bohemia
8.Vladislaus I of Bohemia
17.Świętosława of Poland
4.Vladislaus II of Bohemia
18. Henry I of Berg-Schelklingen
9.Richeza of Berg
19. Adelheid of Mochental
2.Ottokar I of Bohemia
20.Louis the Springer
10.Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia
21. Adelheid von Stade
5.Judith of Thuringia
22.Giso IV, Count of Gudensberg
11.Hedwig of Gudensberg
23.Kunigunde von Bilstein
1.Agnes of Bohemia
24.Béla II of Hungary
12.Géza II of Hungary
25.Helena of Raška
6.Béla III of Hungary
26.Mstislav I of Kiev
13.Euphrosyne of Kiev
27. Liubava Dmitrievna
3.Constance of Hungary
28. Henri de Châtillon
14.Raynald of Châtillon
29. Ermengarde de Montjay
7.Agnes of Antioch
30.Bohemund II of Antioch
15.Constance of Antioch
31.Alice of Antioch

See also

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Further reading

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References

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  1. ^Sarah Gallick (1 December 2009).The Big Book of Women Saints. HarperCollins. p. 76.ISBN 978-0-06-195656-0.
  2. ^David Hugh Farmer (23 September 2004).The Oxford Dictionary of Saints. Oxford University Press. p. 46.ISBN 978-0-19-860949-0. Retrieved17 December 2011.
  3. ^Habig, Marion OFM (ed.)The Franciscan Book of Saints, © 1959 Franciscan Herald Press,Saint Agnes of BohemiaArchived March 14, 2016, at theWayback Machine
  4. ^Welfs, Hohenstaufen and Habsburgs, Michael Toch,The New Cambridge Medieval History: c.1198-c.1300, Vol. 5, ed. David Abulafia,Rosamond McKitterick, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 385.
  5. ^Welfs, Hohenstaufen and Habsburgs, Michael Toch, 384.
  6. ^""Saint Agnes of Bohemia",Saint of the Day, Franciscan Media". Archived fromthe original on 2018-12-14. Retrieved2017-09-05.
  7. ^abDonovan, Stephen. "St. Agnes of Bohemia." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 5 September 2017
  8. ^ab“Saint Agnes of Prague“. CatholicSaints.Info. 3 September 2017. Web. 5 September 2017
  9. ^"Order of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star - 757 years".Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved2012-12-24.
  10. ^Clare's Letters to Agnes: Texts and Sources. St. Bonaventure, New York: Franciscan Institute Publications. 2001.ISBN 978-1-57659-176-5.
  11. ^"NG Prague - Convent of St Agnes of Bohemia".Archived from the original on 2013-11-28. Retrieved2012-06-11.
  12. ^Index ac status causarum beatificationis servorum dei et canonizationis beatorum (in Latin). Typis polyglottis vaticanis. January 1953. p. 3.
  13. ^abJoan Mueller,A Companion to Clare of Assisi: Life, Writings, and Spirituality, (Brill, 2010), 130.
  14. ^The Life and legacy of saint Agnes of Bohemia
  15. ^Czechs Dedicate Year to Saint Who Felled CommunismArchived September 27, 2012, at theWayback Machine
  16. ^"Hubálková, Petra. "Saint Agnes of Bohemia",About CZ, Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs, December 20, 2011". Archived fromthe original on September 5, 2017. RetrievedSeptember 5, 2017.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Donovan, Stephen (1907). "Bl. Agnes of Bohemia". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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