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African diaspora in the Americas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

People born in the Americas with sub-Saharan African ancestry
Ethnic group
African diaspora in the Americas
Regions with significant populations
Brazil20,656,458[1]
United States46,936,733[2]
Haiti10,896,000[3]
 Colombia4,944,400[4][5][6][7][8]
Mexico2,576,213[9]
Jamaica2,531,000[10]
Dominican Republic1,704,000[11][12]
Panama1,258,915[13]
Canada1,198,540[14]
Cuba1,034,044[15]
Venezuela936,770[16][17]
Peru828,824[18]
Ecuador814,468[19]
Puerto Rico574,287[20]
Nicaragua572,000[21]
Trinidad and Tobago452,536[22]
Bahamas324,000[23]
Barbados280,000[24]
Martinique273,985
Uruguay255,074[25]
Guyana227,062[26]
Suriname202,500[27]
Honduras191,000[28][29]
Argentina149,493[30][31][32]
Saint Lucia142,000[33]
Belize108,000[34]
Languages
English,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Haitian Creole,Martinican Creole,Papiamento,Dutch
Religion
Christianity,Rastafari,Afro-American religions,Traditional African religions,Islam, others
Related ethnic groups
African diaspora,Maroons
Sub-Saharan African diaspora in the Americas (including Blacks, Mulattos and Zambos) by country

TheAfrican diaspora in the Americas refers to the people born in theAmericas with partial, predominant, or completesub-Saharan African ancestry. Many are descendants of persons enslaved in Africa and transferred to the Americas by Europeans, then forced to work mostly in European-owned mines and plantations, between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.Significant groups have been established in the United States (African Americans), in Canada (Black Canadians), in the Caribbean (Afro-Caribbean), and in Latin America (Afro-Latin Americans).

History

[edit]
Main article:Atlantic slave trade

After the United States achieved independence, next came the independence ofHaiti, a country populated almost entirely by people of African descent and the second American colony to win its independence from European colonial powers. After the process of independence, many countries have encouragedEuropean immigration to America, thus reducing the proportion of black andmulatto population throughout the country: Brazil, the United States, and theDominican Republic. Miscegenation and more flexible concepts of race have also reduced the overall population identifying as black in Latin America, whereas theone-drop rule in the United States has had the opposite effect.[35]

From 21 to 25 November 1995, the Continental Congress of Black Peoples of the Americas was held. Black people still face discrimination in most parts of the continent. According to David D.E. Ferrari, vice president of the World Bank for the Region of Latin America and theCaribbean, black people have lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, more frequent and more widespread diseases, higher rates of illiteracy and lower income than Americans of different ethnic origin. Women, also the subjects of gender discrimination, suffer worse living conditions.

On 4 November 2008, the first black U.S. president,Barack Obama, won 52% of the vote. His father was from Kenya and his mother was from Kansas.[36]

Distribution

[edit]

Black population by country

[edit]
Country% Black African% Mixed Black African
Haiti[3]95%~5%
Saint Kitts and Nevis92.5%3%
Barbados[24]92.4%3.1%
Martinique
92.4%
Jamaica[10]92.1%6.1%
Curaçao
91.8%
The Bahamas[23]90.6%2.1%
Turks and Caicos IslandsTurks and Caicos87.6%2.5%
Antigua and Barbuda87.3%4.7%
Montserrat86.2%4.8%
Saint Lucia[33]85.3%10.9%
Anguilla85.3%3.8%
Dominica84.7%9%
Grenada82.4%13.3%
British Virgin Islands76.3%5.4%
United States Virgin IslandsU.S. Virgin Islands76%2.1%
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVincent and the Grenadines71.2%23%
French Guiana[37]
66%
Bermuda52%9%
Suriname[27]
37.4%
Guyana[26]30.2%16.7%
Trinidad and Tobago34.2%[38]22.8%[22]
Panama[13]
32.8%
Belize[34]25.6%6.1%
Cayman Islands20%40%
Dominican Republic[11]15.8%70.4%
Aruba
15%
United States[2]12.4%1.8%
Brazil10.2%45.3%
Guadeloupe10%76.7%
Cuba9.3%26.6%
Colombia[39]9.34%15.44%
Nicaragua
9%
Puerto Rico[20]7%10.5%
Ecuador
4.8%
Uruguay[25]4.6%3.2%
Canada
4.26%
Venezuela[16]3.6%51.6%
Peru[18]
3.6%
Mexico
2.04%
Honduras[28][29]
2%
Costa Rica[40]1.1%6.7%
Argentina
0.37%
Guatemala
0.3%
Bolivia
0.2%
El Salvador
0.13%
Paraguay
0.13%
Chile
0.06%

Black population by region according to the censuses

[edit]
RegionPercentageTotal populationCountryYear
Between 50% and 100%
Chocó73.83%337,696Colombia2018
San Andrés y Providencia55.64%26,873Colombia2018
Between 25% and 50%
District of Columbia41.45%285,810USA2020
Mississippi36.62%1,084,481USA2020
Louisiana31.43%1,464,023USA2020
Georgia (U.S. state)Georgia31.00%3,320,513USA2020
Maryland29.47%1,820,472USA2020
Alabama25.80%1,296,162USA2020
South Carolina25.02%1,280,531USA2020
Between 10% and 25%
Bahia22.38%3,164,691Brazil2022
Delaware22.11%218,899USA2020
North Carolina20.50%2,140,217USA2020
Cauca19.74%245,362Colombia2018
Virginia18.62%1,607,581USA2020
Nariño17.45%233,062Colombia2018
Valle del Cauca17.09%647,526Colombia2018
Flag of BolívarBolívar16.73%319,396Colombia2018
Rio de Janeiro16.16%2,594,253Brazil2022
Tennessee15.81%1,092,948USA2020
Florida15.07%3,246,381USA2020
Arkansas15.07%453,783USA2020
New York14.78%2,986,172USA2020
Illinois14.11%1,808,271USA2020
Michigan13.66%1,376,579USA2020
Tocantins13.19%199,394Brazil2022
New Jersey13.13%1,219,770USA2020
Cesar12.97%142,436Colombia2018
Sergipe12.85%283,960Brazil2022
Maranhão12.61%854,424Brazil2022
Ohio12.53%1,478,781USA2020
Piauí12.25%400,662Brazil2022
Texas12.19%3,552,997USA2020
Flag of SucreSucre11.91%102,836Colombia2018
Minas Gerais11.84%2,432,877Brazil2022
Amapá11.81%86,662Brazil2022
Missouri11.37%699,840USA2020
Espírito Santo11.21%429,680Brazil2022
Pennsylvania10.95%1,423,169USA2020
Connecticut10.78%388,675USA2020
Federal District (Brazil)Federal District10.71%301,765Brazil2022
Pernambuco10.04%909,557Brazil2022
Between 5% and 10%
Mato Grosso9.86%360,698Brazil2022
Nevada9.82%304,739USA2020
Pará9.77%793,621Brazil2022
Indiana9.56%648,513USA2020
Alagoas9.55%298,709Brazil2022
Goiás9.19%648,560Brazil2022
Rio Grande do Norte9.17%302,749Brazil2022
Rondônia8.65%136,793Brazil2022
Acre8.56%71,086Brazil2022
Magdalena8.42%106,318Colombia2018
Kentucky8.04%362,417USA2020
São Paulo7.99%3,546,562Brazil2022
Paraíba7.96%316,572Brazil2022
Roraima7.73%49,195Brazil2022
Oklahoma7.32%289,961USA2020
La Guajira7.32%60,475Colombia2018
Massachusetts7.03%494,029USA2020
Minnesota6.98%398,434USA2020
Ceará6.77%595,694Brazil2022
Flag of CórdobaCórdoba6.58%102,495Colombia2018
Rio Grande do Sul6.52%709,837Brazil2022
Mato Grosso do Sul6.50%179,101Brazil2022
Wisconsin6.39%376,356USA2020
Atlántico5.99%140,142Colombia2018
Kansas5.75%168,809USA2020
Rhode Island5.67%62,168USA2020
California5.66%2,237,044USA2020
Antioquia5.22%312,112Colombia2018
Between 0% and 5%
Amazonas4.91%193,667Brazil2022
Nebraska4.92%96,535USA2020
Arizona4.74%339,150USA2020
Paraná4.24%485,781Brazil2022
Arauca4.20%10,058Colombia2018
Iowa4.14%131,972USA2020
Guaviare4.10%2,991Colombia2018
Colorado4.07%234,828USA2020
Santa Catarina4.07%309,908Brazil2022
Washington3.99%307,565USA2020
West Virginia3.67%65,813USA2020
Putumayo3.62%10,262Colombia2018
North Dakota3.44%26,783USA2020
Alaska2.99%21,898USA2020
New Mexico2.17%45,904USA2020
South Dakota2.01%17,842USA2020
Risaralda1.99%16,733Colombia2018
Oregon1.95%82,655USA2020
Maine1.87%25,752USA2020
Hawaii1.61%23,417USA2020
Casanare1.61%6,130Colombia2018
Caldas1.59%14,716Colombia2018
New Hampshire1.46%20,127USA2020
Caquetá1.41%5,087Colombia2018
Vermont1.40%9,034USA2020
Buenos AiresBuenos Aires City1.31%40,670Argentina2022
Utah1.22%40,058USA2020
Quindío1.18%6,060Colombia2018
Santander1.13%22,759Colombia2018
Guainía1.04%460Colombia2018
Meta0.96%8,836Colombia2018
Wyoming0.92%5,232USA2020
Bogotá0.92%66,934Colombia2018
Chubut0.90%5,302Argentina2020
Tierra del Fuego0.90%1,658Argentina2022
Idaho0.86%15,726USA2020
Vaupés0.77%288Colombia2018
Vichada0.76%580Colombia2018
Salta0.74%10,632Argentina2022
Flag of AmazonasAmazonas0.74%486Colombia2018
Buenos Aires ProvinceBuenos Aires0.74%128,804Argentina2022
Misiones0.74%9,374Argentina2022
Río Negro ProvinceRío Negro0.73%5,463Argentina2022
Santa Cruz0.73%2,446Argentina2022
Neuquén0.71%5,026Argentina2022
Jujuy0.69%5,583Argentina2022
Entre Ríos0.63%8,910Argentina2022
Corrientes0.52%6,310Argentina2022
Flag of La RiojaLa Rioja0.51%1,959Argentina2022
Montana0.51%5,484USA2020
Huila0.50%5,099Colombia2018
Formosa0.49%2,956Argentina2022
Córdoba0.48%18,366Argentina2022
La Pampa0.48%1,726Argentina2022
Chaco0.48%5,357Argentina2022
Cundinamarca0.47%13,092Colombia2018
Santa Fe0.47%16,560Argentina2022
Catamarca0.46%1,965Argentina2022
Tucumán0.42%7,172Argentina2022
Tolima0.42%5,207Colombia2018
Norte de Santander0.40%5,470Colombia2018
Mendoza0.40%8,141Argentina2022
Santiago del Estero0.40%4,211Argentina2022
Boyacá0.38%4,247Colombia2018
Pando0.36%394Bolivia2012
Beni0.35%1,493Bolivia2012
San Luis0.35%1,896Argentina2022
La Paz0.33%8,835Bolivia2012
San Juan0.30%2,449Argentina2022
Flag of Santa CruzSanta Cruz0.30%7,845Bolivia2012
Tarija0.18%770Bolivia2012
Cochabamba0.14%2,458Bolivia2012
Chuquisaca0.11%604Bolivia2012
Chuquisaca0.11%604Bolivia2012
Oruro0.10%490Bolivia2012
Potosí0.05%441Bolivia2012
Source: Censuses of American countries.[41][42][43][44][45]

Notable people of African descent in the Americas

[edit]
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See also

[edit]

Related bibliography

[edit]
  • Ethnic domination and racist discourse in Spain and Latin America. Dijk, Teun A. van. van. Gedisa Editorial SAISBN 84-7432-997-3
  • Gender, class and race in Latin America: some contributions. Luna, Lola G. Ed PPU, SAISBN 84-7665-959-8
  • Gender, race and class "color" desensientes Latinas. Impoexports, Colombia, Yumbo
  • Afro Atlantic Histories resource, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Tabela 1.3.1 – População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo o sexo e os grupos de idade – Brasil – 2010"(PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved28 July 2015.
  2. ^ab"US Census Bureau"(PDF). Census.gov. Retrieved2 October 2013.
  3. ^ab"Haiti — The World Factbook". CIA.
  4. ^"Grupos étnicos información técnica". Archived fromthe original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved20 June 2022.
  5. ^Homburger, Julian R.; Moreno-Estrada, Andrés; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Nelson, Dominic; Sanchez, Elena; Ortiz-Tello, Patricia; Pons-Estel, Bernardo A.; Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo; Miranda, Pedro; Langefeld, Carl D.; Gravel, Simon (4 December 2015)."Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America".PLOS Genetics.11 (12) e1005602.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602.ISSN 1553-7404.PMC 4670080.PMID 26636962.
  6. ^Mooney, Jazlyn A.; Huber, Christian D.; Service, Susan; Hoon Sul, Jae; Marsden, Clare D.; Zhang, Zhongyang; Sabatti, Chiara; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Bedoya, Gabriel (25 October 2018)."Understanding the Hidden Complexity of Latin American Population Isolates".PLOS Genetics.103 (5):707–726.doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.013.ISSN 1553-7404.PMC 6218714.PMID 30401458.
  7. ^Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha; Jaramillo, Claudia; Arias, William; Fuentes, Macarena; Pizarro, María; Everardo, Paola; Avila, Francisco de; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge (25 September 2014)."Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals".PLOS Genetics.10 (9) e1004572.Bibcode:2014PLOSG..10.4572R.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572.ISSN 1553-7404.PMC 4177621.PMID 25254375.
  8. ^"Afrocolombianos".encolombia.com (in Spanish). 6 April 2020. Retrieved20 June 2022.
  9. ^"Sociodemographic panorama of Mexico 2020". 25 July 2020.
  10. ^ab"Jamaica – People".
  11. ^ab"Dominican Republic — The World Factbook". CIA.
  12. ^Moya Pons, Frank (2010).Historia de la República Dominicana (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Editorial CSIC.ISBN 978-84-00-09240-5. Retrieved28 July 2015.
  13. ^ab"El 32,8 % de la población de Panamá se reconoce como afrodescendiente". March 2023.
  14. ^Census Profile, 2016 CensusArchived 8 November 2017 at theWayback MachineStatistics Canada. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  15. ^"Archived copy"(PDF).www.one.cu. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 3 June 2014. Retrieved11 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ^ab"Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011"(PDF). Ine.gov.ve. May 2014. p. 29. Retrieved8 September 2014.
  17. ^Censo poblacional de Venezuela 2011
  18. ^ab"Población Afroperuana"(PDF) (in Spanish). 2017. Retrieved25 January 2023.
  19. ^http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/cpv/[dead link]
  20. ^ab"Puerto Rico 2020 census".
  21. ^"Nicaragua — The World Factbook". CIA.
  22. ^ab"Trinidad and Tobago 2011 population and housing census demographic report"(PDF). Central Statistical Office. 30 November 2012. p. 94. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 19 October 2017. Retrieved5 March 2016.
  23. ^ab"The Bahamas — The World Factbook". CIA.
  24. ^ab"Barbados — The World Factbook". CIA.
  25. ^abMazzeo, Mario (7 March 2021).La población Afro-uruguaya en el Censo 2011 (in Spanish). Ediciones Trilce.ISBN 978-9974-32-625-5.
  26. ^ab"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved26 October 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ^ab"Censusstatistieken 2012"(PDF).Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname). p. 76. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved26 October 2017.
  28. ^ab"Honduras — The World Factbook". CIA.
  29. ^ab"Honduras - XVII Censo de Población y VI de Vivienda 2013". Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Honduras. Archived fromthe original on 25 February 2021.
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  32. ^"Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010" [Table P43. Total for the country. African-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010].INDEC (in Spanish). Archived fromthe original(XLS) on 18 April 2014.
  33. ^ab"Saint Lucia — The World Factbook". CIA.
  34. ^ab"Belize — The World Factbook". CIA.
  35. ^Daniel, G. Reginald.Race and Multiraciality in Brazil and the United States: Converging Paths?. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2006.ISBN 0-271-02883-1
  36. ^Goldstein, Bonnie (30 July 2012)."Obama descended from slave ancestor".The Washington Post. Retrieved11 June 2022.
  37. ^"CIA - The World Factbook -- French Guiana". CIA. Archived fromthe original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved13 October 2013.
  38. ^Bethel, Camille (February 2013)."Census: Mixed population on the rise | Trinidad Express Newspaper | News". Trinidadexpress.com. Archived fromthe original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved26 November 2013.
  39. ^"Grupos étnicos información técnica".dane.gov.co. Archived fromthe original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved20 June 2022.
  40. ^"Costa Rica".The World Factbook. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. 2011. Retrieved4 October 2011.
  41. ^"Censo 2022". INDEC. Retrieved8 March 2024.
  42. ^"Race and Ethnicity in the United States".United States Census Bureau. 12 August 2021. Retrieved17 August 2021.
  43. ^"Panorama do Censo 2022".Panorama do Censo 2022 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved7 August 2024.
  44. ^"Características de la Población – Censo 2012" [Population Characteristics – 2012 Census](PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. p. 103.Archived(PDF) from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved30 April 2021.
  45. ^"visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos".Censo General 2018. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). Retrieved10 February 2020.
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