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Afghan frozen assets

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Afghan bank assets frozen by the US government

Afghan frozen assets are assets that were frozen in theUnited States and around the world following the 2021Fall of Kabul and the subsequent collapse of theIslamic Republic of Afghanistan against theTaliban. The Afghan frozen assets are the second-largest amount of financial money from a country that was seized by the US since theIranian frozen assets from 1980.^[1]^[2]

Background

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Prior to the2021 takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban,Da Afghanistan Bank had approximately $7 billion of reserves on deposit at theFederal Reserve Bank of New York,^[3] in addition to $2 billion in Europe.^[4]

History

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After thefall of Kabul in August 2021, theBiden administration froze the funds in New York, because it was unclear who had the legal authority to access the account.^[3]

On 11 February 2022, PresidentJoe Biden announced that he intended to move $3.5 billion from the account to a trust fund to support humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan, and reserve $3.5 billion for potential legal claims by families of the victims of theSeptember 11 attacks.^[5]^[6]^[7]

On 26 August 2022, a judge recommended to not award damages as the bank is "immune from jurisdiction" and that doing so would "acknowledge" the Taliban as the legitimate Afghan government.^[8]

Aftermath

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Further information:Aftermath of the Afghanistan War (2001–2021)

The assets freeze led to economic collapse, high unemployment, and widespread hunger.^[9] According toSave the Children, 50% population faces extreme hunger.^[10]

Reactions

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Daniel W. Drezner described the move as the US government "looting assets legally held by another sovereign government to reward its own citizens". Drezner also said the case could be used as precedent in the future for another sovereign government to tale assets legally held by a sovereign government to reward its own citizens and that it gave other countries another reason to fear "weaponization" of the dollar.^[11]

References

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^Epstein, Jake; Musumeci, Natalie (September 9, 2021)."The US froze Iran's assets for decades, and it could foretell what may happen to the Afghan central bank's nearly $10 billion the Taliban is trying to get its hands on".Business Insider.
^Nichols, Michelle (9 September 2021)."U.N. Warns Afghanistan needs money to prevent total breakdown".Reuters.Archived from the original on 4 January 2025.
^^a ^bGoldbaum, Christina; Padshah, Safiullah; Shah, Taimoor (2022-02-13)."Biden's Decision on Frozen Funds Stokes Anger Among Afghans".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved2022-02-18.
^"A cash crunch is crippling Afghanistan".The Economist. 2022-02-19.ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved2022-02-18.
^Savage, Charlie (2022-02-11)."Spurning Demand by the Taliban, Biden Moves to Split $7 Billion in Frozen Afghan Funds".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved2022-02-18.
^House, The White (2022-02-11)."FACT SHEET: Executive Order to Preserve Certain Afghanistan Central Bank Assets for the People of Afghanistan".The White House. Retrieved2025-02-23.
^"FACT SHEET: Executive Order to Preserve Certain Afghanistan Central Bank Assets for the People of Afghanistan | The American Presidency Project".www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved2025-02-23.
^Stempel, Jonathan (26 August 2022)."Sept. 11 victims not entitled to seize Afghan central bank assets -U.S. judge".Reuters. Retrieved28 August 2022.
^Limaye, Yogita (24 November 2022)."Afghanistan: 'I drug my hungry children to help them sleep'".BBC.
^"Child malnutrition cases rise nearly 50% in Afghanistan as hunger hits record levels".Save the Children. 31 October 2022.
^Drezner, Daniel (14 February 2022)."The United States is stealing Afghanistan's money".The Washington Post.

War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

Overview

Prelude
History
Timeline
Operations
Logistics
Impact
International Security Assistance Force
Taliban insurgency
Drone strikes in Pakistan
Withdrawal of U.S. troops
- 2011–2016
- 2020–2021
Resolute Support Mission
Evacuation

Casualties
and losses

Timeline

2001	Bombing of Kandahar Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif Siege of Kunduz Herat uprising Fall of Kabul Battle of Tarinkot Fall of Kandahar Battle of Qala-i-Jangi Dasht-i-Leili massacre Battle of Shawali Kowt Battle of Sayyd Alma Kalay Battle of Tora Bora
2002 –2006	2002 Guantanamo Bay Uruzgan bombing Kabul bombing 2003 Pakistan Embassy in Kabul attack 2004 2005 2006 Taliban offensive
2007	Shinwar shooting Hyderabad airstrike Nangar Khel incident Helmand airstrikes Baghlan bombing Bagram bombing South Korean hostage crisis
2008	Haska Meyna airstrike Azizabad airstrike Wech Bagtu airstrike Kabul Indian embassy bombing Kabul S Hotel attack Kidnapping of David Rohde Sarposa attack Kandahar bombing Spin Boldak bombing
2009	Granai airstrike Kunduz airstrike Narang raid February Kabul raids Kabul Indian embassy bombing Kandahar bombing NATO HQ bombing Camp Chapman attack Battle of Sabzak
2010	January Kabul attack Raid on Khataba February Kabul attack Uruzgan attack Sangin airstrike Maywand murders Tarok Kolache Nadahan bombing May Kabul bombing Badakhshan massacre Operation Halmazag
2011	Mano Gai airstrike Sarposa prison escape Bin Laden raid Logar bombing I-C Hotel Kabul attack Nimruz bombing Zabul bombing Chinook shootdown Helmand killing Pakistani border attack Ashura bombings
2012	Order of battle Urination video Kapisa airstrike Quran burning protests April attacks Forward Operating Base Delhi massacre Kandahar massacre September Camp Bastion raid Shesh Aba raid Body pictures
2013	Farah attack June Kabul bombings Presidential palace attack Herat U.S. consulate attack Jalalabad Indian consulate bombing
2014	Kabul S Hotel attack Herat Indian consulate attack Bagram bombing Paktika bombing Yahyakhel bombing December Kabul bombings Atiqullah Raufi assassination
2015	Park Palace attack Kabul Parliament attack Khost bombing April Jalalabad bombing 7 August Kabul attacks 10 August Kabul bombing 22 August Kabul bombing Ghazni prison escape Battle of Kunduz Hospital airstrike Kandahar Airport bombing Kabul Spanish Embassy attack Bagram bombing
2016	Nangarhar offensive Operation Omari April Kabul attack Kunduz-Takhar highway hostage crisis Kabul Canadian Embassy convoy bombing 30 June bombings July Kabul bombing Janikhel offensive AUoA attack September Kabul attacks Battle of Tarinkot Battle of Kunduz Battle of Boz Qandahari Mazar-i-Sharif German consulate bombing Bagram bombing
2017	January bombings Sangin airstrike March Kabul attack Nangarhar airstrike Camp Shaheen attack May Kabul bombing June Herat bombing Battle of Bora Bora June Lashkargar bombing August Herat attack 17 October attacks 20 October attacks 28 December Kabul bombing
2018	I-C Hotel Kabul attack STC Jalalabad attack Kabul ambulance bombing March Kabul bombing Kunduz madrassa attack 22 April Kabul bombing 30 April Kabul bombings Battle of Farah July Jalalabad bombing Battle of Darzab Ghazni offensive September Jalalabad bombing
2019	Maidan Shar attack Camp Shorabak attack 2019 Kabul mosque bombing 1 July Kabul attack Ghazni bombing 28 July Kabul bombing July Farah bombing 7 August Kabul bombing 17 August Kabul bombing 2 & 5 September Kabul bombings 17 September bombings Qalat bombing Jalalabad suicide bombing Haska Meyna mosque bombing Bagram attack
2020	6 March Kabul shooting Kabul gurdwara attack May attacks June attacks July attacks August attacks Jalalabad prison September attacks October attacks November attacks Kabul University attack December attacks
2021	Attacks Taliban offensive Kabul school bombing Battle of Kandahar Fall of Herat Battle of Lashkargah Capture of Zaranj Fall of Kabul Kunduz mosque bombing Kandahar bombing 2021 Kabul airlift Operation Allies Refuge Operation Pitting Operation Devi Shakti Kabul airport attack August 29 drone strike

Aftermath

War crimes

Peace
process

Afghan peace process
Afghan peace groups

Reactions

Memorials

London

v t e Afghanistan–United States relations
Diplomatic posts	Embassy of Afghanistan, Washington, D.C. Ambassadors of Afghanistan to the United States Embassy of the United States, Kabul Ambassadors of the United States to Afghanistan Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs
Diplomacy	Operation Cyclone Operation MIAS U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement U.S.–Taliban deal Six plus Three Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan Major non-NATO ally
War in Afghanistan	History Timeline Opposition 2011–2016 withdrawal 2020–2021 withdrawal Fall of Kabul (2021) CIA activities Task Force Phoenix Peace process Reconstruction Afghan frozen assets
Incidents	Adolph Dubs Operation Infinite Reach Camp Chapman attack 2011 U.S. embassy attack Video of U.S. Marines urinating on Taliban fighters Quran burning protests Kandahar massacre Insurgents' bodies 2013 U.S. Herat consulate attack Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri Deportation of Afghan immigrants Afghan Guantanamo Bay detainees Taliban Five
Legislation	Access for Afghan Women Act ALLIES Act Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
Related	Anti-American sentiment in Afghanistan Afghanistanism Bost Airport Kabul International Airport Herat International Airport Kandahar International Airport Kunduz Airport Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History Overthrow
Category:Afghanistan–United States relations

Joe Biden

46th President of the United States (2021–2025)
47th Vice President of the United States (2009–2017)
U.S. Senator from Delaware (1973–2009)

Legislation

2021	American Rescue Plan Act Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act Consolidated Appropriations Act Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act National Defense Authorization Act RENACER Act Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act
2022	Bipartisan Safer Communities Act CHIPS and Science Act Consolidated Appropriations Act Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act No TikTok on Government Devices Act Pregnant Workers Fairness Act State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act Emmett Till Antilynching Act Inflation Reduction Act Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act PACT Act National Defense Authorization Act Postal Service Reform Act Respect for Marriage Act Speak Out Act Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act
2023	COVID-19 Origin Act Fiscal Responsibility Act National Defense Authorization Act DCA agreement between Finland and the US
2024	ADVANCE Act Consolidated Appropriations Act National Defense Authorization Act National Security Act Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act
2025	Social Security Fairness Act

Policies

Timeline

Elections

U.S. Senate	1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008
Vice presidential	2008 campaign selection convention debate election transition 2012 campaign convention debate election
Presidential	1988 campaign primaries 2008 campaign primaries debates 2020 campaign endorsements celebrity organizations Congress state and territorial officials municipal officials primaries endorsements debates Unity Task Forces running mate selection convention debates election protests 2024 campaign withdrawal Democratic opposition primaries endorsements protest vote movements debate