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Adrianople vilayet

Coordinates:41°10′N26°19′E / 41.16°N 26.32°E /41.16; 26.32
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First-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire
Vilayet of Adrianople
ولايت ادرنه
Vilâyet-i Edirne
Vilayet of theOttoman Empire
1867–1922
Flag of
Flag

The Adrianople Vilayet in 1900
CapitalAdrianople (Edirne)[1]
Area
 • Coordinates41°10′N26°19′E / 41.16°N 26.32°E /41.16; 26.32
Population 
• Muslim, 1914[2]
360,411
• Greek, 1914[2]
224,680
• Armenian, 1914[2]
19,773
• Jewish, 1914[2]
22,515
History 
1867
• Disestablished
1922
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Edirne Eyalet
Kingdom of Greece
Turkey
Tsardom of Bulgaria
Today part ofTurkey
Greece
Bulgaria

TheVilayet of Adrianople orVilayet of Edirne (Ottoman Turkish:ولايت ادرنه;Vilâyet-i Edirne)[3] was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of theOttoman Empire.

Prior to 1878, the vilayet had an area of 26,160 square miles (67,800 km2)[4][5] and extended all the way to theBalkan Mountains. However, by virtue of theTreaty of Berlin (1878), the Sanjak ofİslimye, most of the Sanjak ofFilibe and a small part of the Sanjak of Edirne (theKızılağaç kaza andMonastır nahiya) were carved out of it to create the autonomous province ofEastern Rumelia, with a total area of 32,978 km2.[6] The provinceunified peacefully with thePrincipality of Bulgaria in 1885.

The rest of the vilayet was split between Turkey and Greece in 1923, culminating in the formation ofWestern andEastern Thrace afterWorld War I as part of theTreaty of Lausanne. A smaller portion had already gone to Bulgaria by virtue of theTreaty of Bucharest (1913) following theBalkan Wars. In the late 19th century, it bordered on theIstanbul Vilayet, theBlack Sea and theSea of Marmara in the east, on theSalonica Vilayet in the west, onEastern Rumelia (Bulgarian since 1885) in the north and on theAegean Sea in the south. Sometimes the area is also described asSouthern Thrace,[7] orAdrianopolitan Thrace.[8]

After the city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish; pop. in 1905 about 80,000), the principal towns were Rodosto (nowTekirdağ) (35,000),Gelibolu (25,000),Kırklareli (16,000),İskeçe (14,000),Çorlu (11,500),Dimetoka (10,000),Enez (8000),Gümülcine (8000) andDedeağaç (3000).[1]

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Sanjaks of the Vilayet:[9]

  1. Sanjak of Adrianople (now Edirne) (Adrianople,Cisr-i Mustafapaşa,Kırcaali,Dimetoka,Ortaköy,Cisr-i Ergene,Havsa. It had also kazas of Kırkkilise, Baba-yı Atik,Beykar Hisar, Maa Hatunili-Kızılağaç (Its centre wasKızılağaç) and Ferecik. Kızılağaç went to Yanbolu sanjak ofŞarki Rumeli Vilayeti, Ferecik went initially to Gelibolu in 1876, later to Dedeağaç and was demoted to nahiya in 1878, Kırkkilise, Baba-yı Atik and Beykar Hisar went to recreated Kırkkilise sanjak in 1878. Beykar Hisar was demoted to nahiya in 1879)
  2. Sanjak ofKirklareli (Since 1878) (Kirkkilise) (Kırkkilise,Tırnovacık,Lüleburgaz,Vize,Ahtabolu,Midye,Baba-yı Atik. Most of Tırnovacık and Ahtabolu were ceded to Bulgaria in 1913.Saray separated from Vize and became kaza in 1916)
  3. Sanjak of Rodosto (nowTekirdağ) (Tekfurdagi) (Tekfurdağı,Çorlu,Malkara,Hayrabolu. It had also kazas Vize, Lüleburgaz and Midye till 1879, it was gone to recreated Kırkkilise sanjak)
  4. Sanjak of Gelibolu (Gelibolu,Maydos,Şarköy,Mürefte,Keşan. It had also Enez and Gümülcine kazas till 1878. Gümülcine promoted to sanjak in 1878. Enez went to Dedeağaç sanjak. Finally İpsala (promoted to kaza) and Enez returned to Gelibolu in 1913)
  5. Sanjak of Dedeağaç (1878-1912) (Dedeağaç,Sofulu,Enez)
  6. Sanjak of Gümülcine (1878-1912) (Gümülcine,İskeçe,Koşukavak,Ahiçelebi,Eğridere,Darıdere). The whole Sanjak was ceded to Bulgaria, with a small part to Greece in 1913.
  7. Sanjak ofFilibe (Filibe,Pazarcık,Hasköy,Zağra-i Atik,Kızanlık,Çırpan,Sultanyeri,Ahiçelebi) (until 1878, then it became part ofEastern Rumelia, except for Sultanyeri and Ahiçelebi, which were seded back to the Ottoman Empire and eventually incorporated into the Sanjak of Gümülcine)
  8. Sanjak ofSlimia (İslimye,Yanbolu,Misivri,Karinabat,Aydos,Zağra-i Cedid,Ahyolu,Burgaz) (until 1878, then became part ofEastern Rumelia)

Demographics

[edit]
Ethnoconfessional groups in the Adrianople Vilayet as per the 1875 Vilayet Census[10]
  1. Bulgarians and Greeks (58.8%)
  2. Muslims (35.0%)
  3. Muslim Romani (2.84%)
  4. Jews (1.03%)
  5. Armenians (1.02%)
  6. Roman Catholics (0.76%)
  7. Christian Romani (0.58%)

Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet by ethnoconfessional groups according to French orientalistUbicini on the basis of the official Ottoman Census of the Vilayet in 1875:[10]

Ethnoconfessional Groups in the Adrianople Vilayet as per the 1875 Vilayet Census
PopulationNumberPercentage
Muslims603,11037.83%
—Muslims557,69234.98%
—MuslimRomani45,4182.84%
Christians974,64461.14%
—Bulgar millet &Rum millet937,05458.78%
—Ermeni millet16,1941.02%
—Roman Catholics12,1440.76%
—ChristianRomani9,2520.58%
Yahudi millet16,4321.03%
GRAND TOTAL1,594,186100%

Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet (includingEastern Rumelia) in 1878 according to the Turkish authorKemal Karpat:[11]

GroupPOPULATION
Bulgarians40% (526,691)
Other Christians22% (283,603)
Muslims39% (503,058)
TOTAL Adrianople Vilayet100% (1,304,352)

Population of various ethnoconfessonal communities in the Vilayet and its sanjaks according to the 1906/7 Ottoman census, in thousands, adjusted to round numbers.[12]The communities are counted according to theMillet System of the Ottoman Empire rather than by the mother tongue. Thus, some Bulgarian-speakers were included in the GreekRum millet and counted as Greeks, while the Muslim millet included Turks andPomaks (Bulgarian speaking Muslims).

Ethnoconfessional groups in the Adrianople Vilayet as per the 1906-07 Ottoman Census
  1. Muslims (52.6%)
  2. Greeks (29.0%)
  3. Bulgarians (13.8%)
  4. Armenians (2.21%)
  5. Jews (2.04%)
  6. Miscellaneous (0.37%)
GroupsEdirneGümülcineKırklareliDedeağacTekirdağGeliboluTotal
Muslims15424078447726619
Greeks1032271285365341
Bulgarians5729302961162
Jews1612–3224
Armenians5–-–19126
Others2-–-1-2
Total31729218189159961,176

A publication from December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazineOns Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) estimated 1,006,500 inhabitants:[13]

Sanjak of Filibe

[edit]

Male population of theFilibe Sanjak of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1876 according to the British R. J. Moore:[14][15]

Ethnoconfessional groups in the Sanjak of Filibe in 1876[14][15]
  1. Bulgarians (57.6%)
  2. Turks (36.6%)
  3. Muslim Romani (3.58%)
  4. Greeks (1.15%)
  5. Jews (0.59%)
  6. Christian Romani (0.40%)
  7. Armenians (0.14%)
TurksMuslim GypsiesChristian GypsiesBulgariansGreeksArmeniansJewsKAZA TOTAL
Filibe kaza28% (35,400)4% (5,474)0% (495)63% (80,107)3% (3,700)0% (380)1% (691)100% (126,247)
TatarPazardzhik kaza23% (10,805)4% (2,120)1% (579)70% (33,395)1% (300)0% (94)1% (344)100% (47,637)
Hasköy kaza55% (33,323)3% (1,548)0% (145)42% (25,503)0% (0)0% (3)0% (65)100% (60,587)
Zagora kaza20% (6,677)3% (989)0% (70)75% (24,857)0% (0)0% (0)2% (740)100% (33,333)
Kazanlak kaza46% (14,365)4% (1,384)0% (24)48% (14,906)0% (0)0% (0)1% (219)100% (30,898)
Chirpan kaza24% (5,157)2% (420)0% (88)74% (15,959)0% (0)0% (0)0% (0)100% (21,624)
Sultan-Jeri kaza97% (13,336)1% (159)0% (0)2% (262)0% (0)0% (0)0% (0)100% (13,757)
Akcselebi kaza59% (8,197)3% (377)0% (0)38% (5,346)0% (0)0% (0)0% (0)100% (13,920)
TOTAL Filibe Sanjak37% (127,260)4% (12,471)0% (1,401)58% (200,335)1% (4,000)0% (477)1% (2,059)100% (348,000)

Sanjak of İslimiye

[edit]

Male population ofİslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1873 according to Ottoman almanacs:[16]

CommunityPopulation
Muslims37,200 (47%)
Non-Muslims46,961 (53%)
TOTAL Islimiye sanjak100% (84,161)

Male population ofİslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1875 according to British R.J. Moore:[17]

CommunityPopulation
Muslims42% (44,747)
Non-Muslims58% (60,854)
TOTAL Islimiye sanjak100% (105,601)

Sanjak of Gümülcine

[edit]

Total population of theSanjak of Gümülcine of the Adrianople Vilayet In the 19th century:[18]

SanjakMuslimsChristian BulgariansChristian Greeks
Gümülcine206.91420.67115.241

Gallery

[edit]
  • 1907 Ottoman Turkish map of the vilayet
    1907 Ottoman Turkish map of the vilayet
  • Ethnic map of 1912 according to Bulgarian ethnographers
    Ethnic map of 1912 according to Bulgarian ethnographers

References

[edit]
  1. ^abChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)."Adrianople" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 217.
  2. ^abcd"1914 Census Statistics"(PDF).Turkish General Staff. pp. 605–606. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved29 January 2011.
  3. ^Salname-yi Vilâyet-i Edirne ("Yearbook of the Vilayet of Edirne"), Edirne vilâyet matbaası, Edirne, 1300 [1882]; on the website of Hathi Trust Digital Library.
  4. ^Europe byÉliseé Reclus, page 152
  5. ^"Adrianople Vilayet Borders".
  6. ^Statelova, Elena (1999).История на България. Том 3 [History of Bulgaria. Volume 3]. София: Издателска къща „Анубис“. p. 16.ISBN 954-426-206-7.
  7. ^Migration, Memory, Heritage: Socio-cultural Approaches to the Bulgarian-turkish Border, Magdalena Elchinova, Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva, Lina Gergova, Stoyka Penkova, Natalia Rashkova, Nikolai Vukov, Meglena Zlatkova, Lina Gergova,ISBN 954845842X, p. 30.
  8. ^Europe and the Historical Legacies in the Balkans, Raymond Detrez, Barbara Segaert, Peter Lang, 2008,ISBN 9052013748, p. 58.
  9. ^Edirne Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet
  10. ^abUbicini, Abdolonyme; de Courteille, Abel (1876),État Présent De L'empire Ottoman: Statistique, Gouvernement, Administration, Finances, Armée, Communautés Non Musulmanes, Etc., Etc. d'Apres Le Salnameh (Annuaire Imperial) Pour l'Annee 1293 de l'Hegire (1875-76) [Present State Of The Ottoman Empire: Statistics, Government, Administration, Finances, Army, Non-Muslim Communities, Etc., Etc. according to the Salnameh (Annual Imperial Register) for the Year 1293 of the Hegira (1875-76)], Dumaine, p. 91
  11. ^Karpat, K.H. (1985). Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press
  12. ^Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics, Kemal H. Karpat, page 91, 1985
  13. ^Published on December 21, 1912, in the Belgian magazineOns Volk Ontwaakt (Our Nation Awakes) – view the table of Vilajet Manastir:Skynet GodsdBalkanArchived 2012-08-31 at theWayback Machine
  14. ^abDemeter, Gabor,Ethnic maps as political advertisements and instruments of symbolic nation-building and their role in influencing decision-making from Berlin (1877-1881), to Bucharest (1913)
  15. ^abMore, R.J., Under the Balkans. Notes of a visit to the district of Philippopolis in 1876. London, 1877.
  16. ^Hacisalihoglu, Mehmet (2017)."The Rise of Sliven (İslimye) from a Balkan Village to a Province Center in the Ottoman Empire", Turkey and Bulgaria. A Contribution to Balkan Heritage, International Balkan Annual Conference IBAC Book Series 5, Editor: Özgür Kolçak". İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi. pp. 75–100.
  17. ^Димитър Аркадиев. ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ[1] National Statistical Institute
  18. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved2018-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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