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 Adobe Acrobat Pro running onWindows 11. Other editions of Acrobat (Standard and Reader) feature a similar interface. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer(s) | Adobe | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Initial release | 1993; 32 years ago (1993) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Type | Desktop publishing | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| License | Proprietary (freeware ortrialware) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Website | acrobat.adobe.com | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Adobe Acrobat is a family ofapplication software andweb services developed byAdobe Inc. to view, create, manipulate, print and managePortable Document Format (PDF) files.[16]
The family comprises Acrobat Reader (formerly Reader), Acrobat (formerly Exchange) andAcrobat.com. The basic Acrobat Reader, available for severaldesktop andmobile platforms, isfreeware; it supports viewing, printing,scaling or resizing[17] and annotating of PDF files.[18] Additional, "Premium", services are available on paid subscription. Thecommercialproprietary Acrobat, available forMicrosoft Windows,macOS, and mobile, can also create, edit, convert,digitally sign, encrypt, export and publish PDF files. Acrobat.com complements the family with a variety ofenterprise content management andfile hosting services.
The main function of Adobe Acrobat is creating, viewing, and editing PDF documents. It can import popular document and image formats and save them as PDF. It is also possible to import ascanner's output, a website, or the contents of theWindows clipboard.
Because of the nature of the PDF, however, once a PDF document is created, its natural organization and flow cannot be meaningfully modified. In other words, Adobe Acrobat is able to modify the contents of paragraphs and images, but doing so does not repaginate the whole document to accommodate for a longer or shorter document. Acrobat can crop PDF pages, change their order, manipulatehyperlinks,digitally sign a PDF file, add comments, redact certain parts of the PDF file, and ensure its adherence to such standards asPDF/A.
Adobe Acrobat was launched in 1993 and had to compete with other products and proprietary formats that aimed to create digital documents:
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Adobe has renamed the Acrobat products several times, in addition to merging, splitting and discontinuing them. Initially, the offered products were called Acrobat Reader, Acrobat Exchange andAcrobat Distiller. "Acrobat Exchange" soon became "Acrobat". Over time, "Acrobat Reader" became "Reader". Between versions 3 and 5, Acrobat did not have several editions.[clarification needed] In 1999, theAcrobat.com service came to being and introduced several web services whose names started with "Acrobat", but eventually, "Acrobat.com" was downgraded from the name of the family of services, to that of one of those services.
Unlike most other Adobe products, such as members ofAdobe Creative Suite family, the Acrobat products do not have icons that display two letters on a colored rectangle.
In April 2015, Adobe introduced the "Document Cloud" branding (alongside itsCreative Cloud) to signify its adoption of thecloud storage and thesoftware as a service model. Programs under this branding received a "DC" suffix. In addition, "Reader" was renamed back to "Acrobat Reader".[22][23] Following the introduction of Document Cloud, Acrobat.com was discontinued as their features were integrated into the desktop programs and mobile apps.
The GUI had major changes with the introduction of Acrobat DC in 2015, which supports Windows 7 and later, and OS X 10.9 and later. Version numbers are now identified by the last two digits of the year of major release, and the month and year is specified; the previous version was 12, but examples of the DC (Document Cloud) Acrobat product family versions are DC June 2016, version 15.016.20045, released 2 June 2016 and DC Classic January 2016, version 15.006.30119, released 12 January 2016.[24] From DC 2015 the Acrobat family is available in two tracks, the original track, now named Classic, and the Continuous track.[25] Updates for the Classic track are released quarterly, and do not include new features, whereas updates for the Continuous track are issued more frequently, and implemented silently and automatically.[26]
The last pre-DC version, Acrobat XI, was updated to 11.0.23 version (and this was the final release[27]) on November 14, 2017,[28] support for which had ended a month earlier on October 15, 2017.[29] In September 2020, Adobe released a feature to make documents easier to read on phones called "Liquid Mode" using its SenseiAI.[30]
The table below contains some of the supported file formats that can be opened or accessed inAdobe Acrobat.[36]
| File format | Extension |
|---|---|
| Acrobat Data File | ACRODATA |
| Acrobat Forms Data Format | FDF |
| Adobe Illustrator File | AI |
| Acrobat Index File | PDX |
| Acrobat Job Definition File | JDF |
| Acrobat Language Plug-in | LNG |
| Acrobat MIME Encoded Job Definition File | MJD |
| Acrobat Plug-in | ACROPLUGIN |
| Acrobat Plug-in | API |
| Acrobat Security Settings File | ACROBATSECURITYSETTINGS |
| Acrobat Sequence File | SEQU |
| Acrobat XFDF File | XFDF |
| Adobe Color Separations Table | AST |
| Adobe Dictionary Data File | ENV |
| Adobe Joboptions File | JOBOPTIONS |
| Adobe Linguistic Library Data File | LEX |
| Adobe MARS File | MARS |
| Adobe Portable Document Format File | |
| Adobe Profile File | APF |
| Apple QuickTime Movie | MOV |
| Design Web Format File | DWF |
| Drawing Exchange Format File | DXF |
| Encapsulated PostScript Format File | EPSF |
| Flash MP4 Video File | F4V |
| Flash Video File | FLV |
| Hypertext Markup Language | HTM, HTML |
| iTunes Video File | M4V |
| Plain Text File | TXT |
| PostScript File | PS |
| PostScript Image Data File | PSID |
| Product Representation Compact File | PRC |
| Shockwave Flash Movie | SWF |
| Universal 3D File | U3D |
| XML Data Package | XDP |
| XML Paper Specification File | XPS |
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Adobe Acrobat is available in the following languages: Arabic, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish and Ukrainian. Arabic and Hebrew versions are available from WinSoft International,[37]Adobe Systems'internationalization and localization partner.
Before Adobe Acrobat DC, separate Arabic and Hebrew versions were developed specifically for these languages, which are normally writtenright-to-left. These versions include special TouchUp properties to manage digits, ligatures option and paragraph direction in right-to-left Middle Eastern scripts such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Persian, as well as standard left-to-right Indian scripts such as Devanagari and Gujarati. The Web Capture feature can convert single web pages or entire web sites into PDF files, while preserving the content's original text encoding. Acrobat can also copy Arabic and Hebrew text to the systemclipboard in its original encoding; if the target application is also compatible with the text encoding, then the text will appear in the correct script.
A comprehensive list of security bulletins for most Adobe products and related versions is published on theirSecurity bulletins and advisories page and in other related venues.[38][39] In particular, the detailed history of security updates for all versions of Adobe Acrobat has been made public.[40]
From Version 3.02 onwards, Acrobat Reader has included support forJavaScript. This functionality allows a PDF document creator to include code which executes when the document is read. Malicious PDF files that attempt to attacksecurity vulnerabilities can be attached to links on web pages or distributed as email attachments. While JavaScript is designed without direct access to the file system to make it "safe", vulnerabilities have been reported for abuses such as distributing malicious code by Acrobat programs.[41] Adobe applications had already become the most popular client-software targets for attackers during the last quarter of 2009.[42]McAfee predicted that Adobe software, especially Reader andFlash, would be the primary target for software attacks in the year 2010.[43]
On September 13, 2006, David Kierznowski provided sample PDF files illustratingJavaScript vulnerabilities. Since at least version 6, JavaScript can be disabled using the preferences menu[44] and embedded URLs that are launched are intercepted by a security warning dialog box to either allow or block the website from activating.[45]
On February 19, 2009, Adobe released a Security Bulletin announcing JavaScript vulnerabilities in Adobe Reader and Acrobat versions 9 and earlier.[46] As a workaround for this issue,US-CERT recommended disabling JavaScript in the affected Adobe products, canceling integration withWindows shell and web browsers (while carrying out an extended version of de-integration forInternet Explorer), deactivating Adobe indexing services and avoiding all PDF files from external sources.[47]
Adobe has identified critical vulnerabilities in Adobe Reader and Acrobat XI (11.0.01 and earlier) for Windows and Macintosh, 9.5.3 and earlier 9.x versions. These vulnerabilities could cause the application to crash and potentially allow an attacker to take control of the affected system. There have been reports of these vulnerabilities being exploited to trick Windows users into clicking on a malicious PDF file delivered in an email message. Adobe recommended users update their product installations.[48]
Adobe has released security updates for Adobe Acrobat and Reader for Windows and Macintosh. These updates address critical vulnerabilities that could potentially allow an attacker to take control of the affected system.[49][50]
Release date: May 14, 2013; Last updated: August 8, 2013; Vulnerability identifier: APSB13-15
Release date: October 28, 2010; Last updated: November 16, 2010; Vulnerability identifier: APSA10-05
Release date: January 9, 2007; Last updated: January 16, 2007; Vulnerability identifier: APSB07-01
David Kierznowski, a penetration testing expert specializing in Web application testing, has released proof-of-concept code and rigged PDF files to demonstrate how the Adobe Reader program could be used to initiate attacks without any user action.
Media related toAdobe Acrobat at Wikimedia Commons
