American supercentenarians are citizens or residents of theUnited States who have attained or surpassed 110 years of age. By January 2015, theGerontology Research Group (GRG) had validated the longevity claims of 782 Americansupercentenarians.^{[1][needs update]} The oldest living American isNaomi Whitehead (born in Georgia on September 26, 1910, and now residing in Greenville, Pennsylvania), aged114 years, 185 days.^[2] The longest-lived person ever from the United States isSarah Knauss, ofHollywood, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, who died on December 30, 1999, aged 119 years and 97 days.^[3][4]

Below is a list of the 100 longest lived American supercentenarians according to the GRG and reliable sourcing.^[1][5]

  Deceased  Living

Mary Electa Bidwell (May 9, 1881 – April 25, 1996)^[21] was an Americansupercentenarian. She died aged 114 years and 352 days and is the oldest person on record ever to die inConnecticut.^[39][40][41]

Her parents were Charles Woodruff Bidwell and Alice Beach Nobel.^[40] She was a descendant of John Bidwell, one of the founders ofHartford, Connecticut. Bidwell worked as a teacher in aone-room schoolhouse for six years. She married Charles Hubbell Bidwell, a distant cousin, in 1906.^[39] Bidwell lived on her own inNorth Haven, Connecticut, until she was 110. Bidwell died at the Arden House, a nursing home inHamden, Connecticut.^[41]

Maggie Pauline Barnes (néeHinnant; March 6, 1882 – January 19, 1998)^[42] was an American supercentenarian. She was born to a former slave and married atenant farmer. Barnes died on January 19, 1998, inJohnston County, North Carolina, ofgangrene.^[43]

Her exact year of birth has been disputed. Though the year 1882 is written in her family bible, the 1900 US Census records her birth year as 1881 and hermarriage license claims that she was born in 1880.^[43] Authenticating to what was put on the family Bible, Barnes lived for 115 years and 319 days.

Adelina Domingues (February 19, 1888 – August 21, 2002) was aCape Verdean Americansupercentenarian who was theworld's oldest person from the death of 114-year-old British-American woman Grace Clawson on May 28, 2002, to her own death less than three months later.^[44] Domingues was born inCape Verde. Domingues'sItalian father was a harbor pilot by profession, and her mother wasPortuguese by ethnicity.^[45] She married aship captain in 1907, and moved to theUnited States that year.^[45] Her husband died fromcancer in 1950.^[45] Domingues was a missionary from theChurch of the Nazarene inCape Verde and other parts ofAfrica, and also a religiouspreacher when she lived inMassachusetts, as well as an expert seamstress.^[45]

Domingues was a firm believer in theAmerican Dream, was deeply religious, hadconservative political views and was apen pal of formerPresident of the United StatesRonald Reagan.^[45] She had four children, but only one of them (a son, Frank) reached adulthood.^[45] Frank died in 1998 at the age of 71, with Adelina outliving him by four years.^[45] Domingues died at a nursing home in theSan Diego,California, area on August 21, 2002, at age 114 years and 183 days.^[45] She had claimed she was actually one year older, or 115 years old, but her family and Cape Verdean diplomats did some research and discovered her baptismal information, from which they concluded that Domingues was 114 years old when she died.^[46]

Charlotte Benkner (néeEnterlein; November 16, 1889 – May 14, 2004)^{[47][48][49][50]} was an Americansupercentenarian and considered theworld's oldest person from 2003 to 2004.^[51][47][48] Subsequent recognition of other supercentenarians ranked Benkner as the third oldest at the time of her death.^[49]

Benkner was born inLeipzig, Germany, andemigrated to the U.S. in 1896. She grew up inPeekskill, New York, where her family ran theAlbert Hotel, and as a young woman once met then U.S. PresidentTheodore Roosevelt.^[50][52] After her 1908 marriage to Karl Benkner, she moved west, living inPennsylvania andOhio, before retiring toArizona. Already a supercentenarian and the oldest person in Arizona, Benkner returned to Ohio to live inNorth Lima with her sister Tillie O'Hare, her youngest sibling.^[50] Tillie died in January 2004, just three weeks shy of becoming acentenarian.^[52] Benkner survived her sister by only four months, and died at age 114 years and 180 days, after a brief hospital stay inYoungstown, Ohio.

Emma Verona Johnston (néeCalhoun; August 6, 1890 – December 1, 2004) was an Americansupercentenarian who was born inIndianola, Iowa, to a large family.^[53] She graduated fromDrake University in the Class of 1912 and went on to work as aLatin teacher before she married ophthalmologist Harry Johnston;^[54][55][56] at the time of her death, she was the university's oldest living graduate.^[54]

At age 98, Johnston moved from Iowa to Ohio in order to live with her daughter and son-in-law. Even after turning 110, she continued to be in good health, alert and engaging in conversations, and was still able to walk up steps.^[54] She became the oldest known living American in May 2004.^[53] Three months later, on the occasion of her 114th birthday, she was presented with a proclamation signed by then Drake University PresidentDavid Maxwell.^[57] The university's Vice President for Institutional Advancement, John Willey, nominated her for an honorary degree.^[56] Johnston died inWorthington, Ohio, on December 1, 2004,^[53] at age 114 years and 117 days.

Bettie Antry Wilson (néeRutherford; September 13, 1890 – February 13, 2006)^[58] was thought to be the oldest living person in the United States from December 2004 until the subsequent verification ofElizabeth Bolden. Both were born in the rural South, where they lived less than 100 miles apart. Wilson was the daughter of freed slaves, Solomon and Delia Rutherford.^[59]

In April 2005, Wilson moved into a new home funded by donations, inNew Albany. She celebrated her 115th birthday in September 2005, and died on February 13, 2006, aged 115 years, 153 days.^[58]

Frederick Harold Hale, Sr. (December 1, 1890 – November 19, 2004) was born inNew Sharon,Maine. He married Flora Mooers (d. 1979) in 1910, and had five children, three of which he outlived.^[60] Throughout his life, he worked as a railroad worker and abeekeeper, before retiring to pursue gardening and canning produce. At the age of 95, hesurfed for the first time inHawaii, while on his way back to the U.S. from visiting his grandson in Japan.^[61] He was recognized byGuinness World Records as the oldest driver in the world at the age of 104, and he continued driving until age 108. At 109, he moved to theSyracuse area inNew York State. A lifelong fan of theBoston Red Sox, he was alive to see both their1918 and2004 World Series victories.^[60]

On March 5, 2004, upon the death of 114-year-oldJoan Riudavets of Spain, Hale became theworld's oldest living man. He died on November 19, 12 days before his 114th birthday,^[60] and was succeeded as the world's oldest man byEmiliano Mercado del Toro.

George Rene Francis (June 6, 1896 – December 27, 2008)^[62][63][64] was an American supercentenarian and the joint second-oldest living man in the world, together with EnglishmanHenry Allingham, also born on June 6, 1896, until Francis's death aged 112 years and 204 days. He was also the oldest living man in the United States, following the death of then 111-year-oldAntonio Pierro on February 8, 2007. Francis was fromNew Orleans, Louisiana, but after 1949 lived inSacramento, California, where a local newspaper published a poem that Francis enjoyed reciting to friends and the public throughout his life.^[65] He credited his longevity to nature, and enjoyed a rich diet of pork, eggs, milk and lard. He gave up smoking cigars at the age of 75.^[66]

Francis attempted to join the army in World War I, but was rejected for service in 1918 as being too short and small (he weighed only about 100 pounds [45 kg]). Despite this, he later was a boxer before becoming a barber and then a chauffeur.^[62]

Bernice Madigan (néeEmerson; July 24, 1899 – January 3, 2015) was born inWest Springfield,Massachusetts,^[5][67][68] and moved to Cheshire when she was six.^[69] In 1918, after graduating from Adams High School,^[69][70] she responded to governmentdrives to recruit women into employment during WWI, and moved toWashington, D.C.^[67] After the war, she worked as a secretary for theDepartment of the Treasury and theVeterans Administration.^[71] She married Paul Madigan (d. 1976) in 1925;^[71] they lived in the Washington, D.C., area and then in Silver Spring, Maryland.^[69] She retired in 1942, after which she volunteered with the church and at nursing homes, playing piano for residents.^[69] She returned to live with family in Massachusetts in 2007.^[71] She participated inBoston University School of Medicine'sNew England Centenarian Study,^[72] and was interviewed and filmed by the Center for Aging at theUniversity of Chicago and theABC World News.^[72] She is one of 100 centenarians inThe Archon Genomics XPRIZE.^[73][74] She joined social media, with profiles on Facebook and Twitter.^[71][75][76] Madigan died in her sleep at the age of 115 years and 163 days at 2 a.m. on January 3, 2015.^[68][76] At the time of her death, she was the oldest living resident ofMassachusetts,^[77] the fourth-oldest living person in theUnited States^[78] and the world's fifth-oldest living person.^[78][79]

Eva Chavka Rivka "Evelyn" Kozak (néeJacobson) (August 14, 1899 – June 11, 2013)^[80][81] was anAmericanJewishsupercentenarian,^{[82][83][84][85]} born inNew York City to Isaac and Kate Jacobson, who fled from theRussian Empire, and the oldest verified Jewish person in history from November 6, 2012, 12 weeks after turning 113, when she broke fellow German-born AmericanAdelheid Kirschbaum's record of 113 years and 83 days though until August 27, 2014, when fellow Russian-born AmericanGoldie Steinberg (born October 30, 1900), who was the oldest living Jewish person after her death, broke her record.

Kozak died of aheart attack at a hospital inBrooklyn,New York City, early in the morning of June 11, 2013,^[when?] barely around a quarter of a day before the oldest living person, 116-year-old JapanesemanJiroemon Kimura (who died 2:08 a.m. the night of June 12, which is 1:08 p.m. the afternoon of June 11EDT).

Delphia S. Welford (September 9, 1875 – November 14, 1992)^[86] was an American supercentenarian claimed to have been born on September 9, 1881; however, research conducted by the Gerontology Research Group between 2016 and 2023 determined that she was actually born in 1875, and that she was born inOkolona, Mississippi.^[87]

Welford's parents were Richard and Heddie Welford. The family moved toHumboldt, Tennessee, when she was still a child. She had one son, Leo Mathis, in the late 1890s. Welford never married and spent the rest of her life in Humboldt. She was a homemaker and a member of the Lane Chapel C.M.E Church.

Welford died at Parkview Manor Health Care Center in Humboldt, on November 14, 1992, at the age of 117 years, 66 days. She had been the oldest person ever from the United States after surpassing the age of Easter Wiggins on October 16, 1991. Welford would continue to hold this distinction until November 30, 1997, when Sarah Knauss lived past her final age. Remarkably, despite living past 117 years, Welford was never the world's oldestliving person asJeanne Calment was older and still alive when Welford died. Welford is the oldest person never to have been the world's oldestliving person.

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