 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Actia" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(April 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Actia (Ancient Greek:Ἄκτια) was a festival ofApollo Actius, celebrated atNicopolis inEpirus, withwrestling, musical contests,horse racing, and sea battles. It was reestablished byAugustus, in commemoration of hisvictory overMark Antony offActium in 31 BC;[1] that it was probably the revival of an ancient festival is suggested by the celebrated temple of Apollo at Actium, which is mentioned byThucydides,[2] andStrabo,[3] and which was enlarged by Augustus. The games instituted by Augustus were celebrated every five years (πενταετηρίς,ludi quinquennales); they received the title of a sacredagon and were also calledOlympia,[4] and ranked next after the four great games of Greece.[5]
Actia were also celebrated at the same time at Rome by the orders of the senate and were also celebrated in other parts of the Roman empire.[5]
This ancient stadium was located in the so-called 'Proasteion' (sacred grove) of the Graeco-Roman city of Nikopolis. Together with the nearby gymnasium, theatre and hippodrome it was the location of the famous Actian Games.[6][7] These games, which featured athletic, equestrian and musical events,[8] were first held in 27 BCE to celebrate the victory of the first Roman emperor Augustus over his adversaries, Marc Antony and his Egyptian wifeCleopatra. They were held every four years up to the mid-3rd century CE. Dating from just after the city's foundation, the ancient stadium of Nikopolis has two semicircular ends (sphendones), typical of the amphitheatre type that was in use during the first 200 years of the principate. The stadiums of ancientLaodikeia (near Pamukkale, Turkey) andAphrodisias (Geyre, Turkey) have a similar architecture.
The north side of the stadium, which must have held a capacity of at least 10,000 spectators, was built on the side of a hill, while artificial deposits were used for the other sides. The walls were made of a rubble core faced with several courses of bricks. On the west side of the stadium were three apsidal entrances leading to the gymnasium, the central one larger than the others. The entrances in thesphendone at the east led to the theatre nearby. On thesphendone at the south side there were residential rooms and facilities for athletes and spectators (inns, shops, lodgings etc.)
Locals call this stadiumto karavi, meaning 'the ship', which of course relates to the structure's shape. Archaeological investigations are still regularly undertaken in and around the stadium today.
Smith, William, ed. (1870)."Actia".Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London: John Murray.