Acheng 阿城区 | |
|---|---|
 Location of Acheng in Harbin | |
.png) Harbin in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates:45°32′12″N126°58′02″E / 45.5368°N 126.9671°E /45.5368; 126.9671 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Sub-provincial city | Harbin |
| Subdivisions | 9 subdistricts 8 towns 1 township 1 ethnic township |
| Seat | Jincheng Subdistrict (金城街道) |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,452.1 km2 (946.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2018)[2] | |
• Total | 544,514 |
| • Density | 222.06/km2 (575.13/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 1503XX |
| Area code | 0451 |
| Acheng, Harbin | |||||||||
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.jpg) 1935 map of the ruins ofHuiningfu, showing the modern town's name as A-shih-ho | |||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 阿城區 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 阿城区 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | AshiCityDistrict | ||||||||
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| Ashihe | |||||||||
| Chinese | 阿什河 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | [City by] theAshi River | ||||||||
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| Manchu name | |||||||||
| Manchu script | ᠠᠯᠴᡠᡴᠠ ᠴᡳᠣᡳ | ||||||||
| Romanization | Alchuka cioi | ||||||||
Acheng District (Manchu Language: Alcuka Hoton) is one of ninedistricts of theprefecture-level city ofHarbin, the capital ofHeilongjiang Province,Northeast China, covering part of the southeastern suburbs. The district was approved to establish from the formerAcheng City (阿城市) by theChinese State Council on August 15, 2006.[3] As of 2010[update], it had a population of 596,856 residing in an area of 2,680 km2 (1,030 sq mi)[note 1],[1] and is 29 km (18 mi) southeast of downtown Harbin, 190 km (120 mi) north ofJilin City, and around 50 km (31 mi) south of theSonghua River. It lies within the basin of and until 1909 was considered synonymous with theAshi River[5] which gave its name to theJurchen JinDynasty. The district administers nine subdistricts, eight towns, one township, and one ethnic township. It bordersDaowai District to the north,Bin County to the northeast,Shangzhi to the southeast, andWuchang to the south,Shuangcheng District to the west, andPingfang andXiangfang Districts to the northwest.
Acheng was known to medieval China asHuining Prefecture, an area of Shangjing. Its eponymous seat served as the first capital of theJurchen JinDynasty (1122–1234) and served as a subsidiary capital from 1173 until their conquest by theMongolian Empire.[5] There is currently a museum at the site, about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of the Acheng urban area.
Acheng County was established in 1909. It was designated acounty-level city in 1987 and turned into a district of Harbin on October 9, 2006.[6]
| Climate data for Acheng, elevation 168 m (551 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 9.3 (48.7) | 19.8 (67.6) | 29.9 (85.8) | 34.7 (94.5) | 39.2 (102.6) | 36.3 (97.3) | 35.5 (95.9) | 30.6 (87.1) | 26.8 (80.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 8.5 (47.3) | 39.2 (102.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) | −6.3 (20.7) | 2.8 (37.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 26.3 (79.3) | 27.9 (82.2) | 26.5 (79.7) | 21.5 (70.7) | 12.4 (54.3) | −0.1 (31.8) | −10.0 (14.0) | 10.3 (50.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −18.2 (−0.8) | −12.9 (8.8) | −3.1 (26.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 15.0 (59.0) | 20.7 (69.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 15.1 (59.2) | 6.2 (43.2) | −5.3 (22.5) | −15.4 (4.3) | 4.5 (40.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −23.4 (−10.1) | −18.9 (−2.0) | −8.9 (16.0) | 1.0 (33.8) | 8.7 (47.7) | 15.3 (59.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 9.3 (48.7) | 0.7 (33.3) | −9.9 (14.2) | −20.3 (−4.5) | −0.9 (30.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −37.5 (−35.5) | −38.5 (−37.3) | −27.6 (−17.7) | −13.0 (8.6) | −3.3 (26.1) | 4.5 (40.1) | 8.8 (47.8) | 7.2 (45.0) | −4.5 (23.9) | −18.7 (−1.7) | −28.8 (−19.8) | −35.2 (−31.4) | −38.5 (−37.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 3.7 (0.15) | 5.0 (0.20) | 11.4 (0.45) | 20.7 (0.81) | 58.6 (2.31) | 94.5 (3.72) | 143.2 (5.64) | 114.7 (4.52) | 57.4 (2.26) | 27.4 (1.08) | 14.9 (0.59) | 7.5 (0.30) | 559 (22.03) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.9 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 7.1 | 11.7 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 12.9 | 9.6 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 103.9 |
| Average snowy days | 8.6 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.3 | 8.0 | 10.2 | 47.4 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 73 | 67 | 58 | 50 | 55 | 67 | 78 | 80 | 72 | 64 | 67 | 73 | 67 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 173.3 | 198.5 | 236.2 | 233.4 | 245.5 | 247.1 | 227.7 | 223.3 | 231.6 | 196.8 | 157.7 | 152.5 | 2,523.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 61 | 67 | 64 | 57 | 53 | 53 | 49 | 52 | 62 | 59 | 56 | 57 | 58 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Urban population | Total population |
|---|---|---|
| 1989[5] | 188,600 | |
| 1994[1] | 219,500 | 631,700 |
| 2010 | 596,856 |
Acheng is divided into fifteensubdistricts and fourtowns:[9][10]
Subdistricts:
Towns:
The area is rich in mineral resources, including sources of rock, volcanic rock, granite, molybdenum, zinc, lead, iron,[1] and copper.
The agricultural strengths of the area are grain production and cattle.[1] Grain production is strong, having produced 33,100 tons of grain in 2002; much of this grain is essential in feeding the important city of Harbin.
Acheng is a major industrial area for Heilongjiang, with over 300 types of enterprises, including textile,[1] electromechanics, food, building materials[1] (especiallybrickworks), metallurgy, breweries fueled by the local grain, sugar refineries, aflax plant,[5] iron, steel,[1] and the production of medicine. In 1996 a new technology industrial development zone was created on the western side of the city to encourage the development of high technology, export-oriented industry.
Tourism is also a growing part of the local economy. Acheng is located on the popular tourist route serving Harbin, theYabuli Ski Resort,Jingpo Lake, andXingkai Lake. A number of historic and nature reserves in the area also attract visitors.
Acheng District is a 50 km (31 mi) drive fromHarbin Taiping International Airport.
TheHarbin–Suifenhe Railway (part of the originalChinese Eastern Railway) passes through the district. There are over twenty commuter rail lines in the rural area. The station isAcheng Railway Station.
G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway andChina National Highway 301 both connect the district to downtown Harbin.
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