| Accession of North Macedonia to theEuropean Union | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Status | Candidate negotiating | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earliest possible entry | 2030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 North Macedonia portal |
The accession ofNorth Macedonia to theEuropean Union has been on the current agenda forfuture enlargement of the EU since 2005, when it became an official candidate for accession. The then Republic of Macedonia submitted its membership application in 2004, thirteen years after its independence fromYugoslavia. It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together withAlbania,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Georgia,Moldova,Montenegro,Serbia,Turkey andUkraine.
The use of the country name "Macedonia" was the object of a dispute with neighbouringGreece between 1991 and 2019, resulting in a Greek veto against EU and NATO accession talks, which lasted from 2008 to 2019. After the issue was resolved, the EU gave its formal approval to begin accession talks with North Macedonia and Albania in March 2020.[1]
However, in November 2020,Bulgaria effectively blocked the official start of North Macedonia's EU accession negotiations over what it perceives as slow progress on the implementation of the 2017 friendship treaty between the two countries, state-supported or toleratedhate speech and minority claims towards Bulgaria.[2]
On 24 June 2022, Bulgaria's parliament approved lifting the country's veto on opening EU accession talks with North Macedonia. On 16 July 2022, theAssembly of North Macedonia also approved the revised French proposal, allowing accession negotiations to begin.[3] The start of negotiations was officially launched on 19 July 2022.[4] Continued support for North Macedonia’s EU path has been expressed by senior EU officials, including the EU Ambassador in Skopje, Michalis Rokas, who has emphasised that his primary mandate is to assist the country in joining the EU as swiftly as possible, highlighting the Union's unwavering commitment to support the integration process through necessary reforms that yield tangible benefits for its citizens.[5][6] To make progress, however, the country must change its constitution, including local Bulgarians in it, and overcome the latent opposition of neighbouring Bulgaria.[7][8][9] However, several parties have consistently blocked the parliamentary passage of the required constitutional amendment.
Despite this, several statements were made about a possible accession by the end of the 2020s and the early 2030s. Deputy Prime minister, Bojan Marichikj, stated during an interview in "Voice of America", that the country could aim at an entry by 2030,[10] this date was later supported by statements made by EU Commission Vice-PresidentMargaritis Schinas and by other EU officials.[11]
North Macedonia began its formal process of rapprochement with the European Union in 2000, by initiating negotiations about the EU'sStabilisation and Association Process, and it became the first non-EU country in the Balkans to sign the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA), on 9 April 2001 inLuxembourg. The agreement was ratified by the Macedonian parliament on 12 April 2001 and came into force on 1 April 2004.
On 22 March 2004, the Republic of Macedonia submitted its application for EU membership. On 6 September 2004, the Macedonian government adopted a National Strategy forEuropean integration, supported by the country's parliament through its Commission for European Issues. The government subsequently began the procedure of answering the questionnaire of theEuropean Commission regarding its performance in preparation for membership in accordance with theCopenhagen criteria, a process that was finished by 31 January 2005. TheEuropean Council officially granted the country candidate status on 17 December 2005, after a review and a positive recommendation of the candidacy by the European Commission.
After the naming dispute with Greece was solved in 2019, accession negotiations were expected to start within the same year, but in June 2019 the EU General Affairs Council decided to postpone the decision to October, due to objections from a number of countries including the Netherlands and France.[12] France vetoed the decision again in October.[13] On 25 March 2020 the Council of the European Union decided to open accession negotiations, which was endorsed by the European Council the following day.[14][15]
On 17 November 2020 Bulgaria blocked the official start of accession talks with the country.[16] North Macedonia was told to offer further guarantees to Bulgaria that it would honour the 2017 friendship treaty, which deals with historical issues.[17]
A major obstacle for the accession process was the Republic's unresolvedobjection by Greece over its name, as Greece argued that it implied territorial ambitions towards Greece's own northern province ofMacedonia. While the country preferred to be called by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia, the European Union, in acknowledgment of concerns raised by Greece, maintained a practice of recognising it only as the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", a compromise of "provisional reference" introduced by the United Nations in 1993. Greece, as any other EU country, has veto power against new accessions, and blocked Macedonian accession due to the naming dispute.[18][19][20][21]
On 12 June 2018, an agreement was reached between Greek prime ministerAlexis Tsipras and his Macedonian counterpartZoran Zaev, known as thePrespa agreement,[22] under which the country would be renamed the "Republic of North Macedonia".[23] As part of this deal, Greece explicitly withdrew its previous opposition, allowing the EU to approve on 26 June 2018 a pathway to starting accession talks.[24]
Although Bulgaria was the first country to recognise the independence of the then Republic of Macedonia, most of its academics, as well as the general public, do not recognise the Macedonian language and nation formed after the Second World War as being separate from Bulgarian proper.[25] As part of the efforts to find a solution to theMacedonia name dispute withGreece, the Macedonian constitution was changed twice (in 1995, and then again in 2018) to formally exclude any possible territorial aspirations towards neighbouring countries.[26][27]
Some Macedonian politicians consider Bulgarian territory to be part of a greater Macedonia, claiming the majority of the population there are oppressed ethnic Macedonians.[28] Macedonia and Bulgaria signed a friendship treaty to improve their complicated relations in August 2017. A joint commission on historical and educational issues was formed in 2018 to serve as a forum where controversial historical and educational issues could be raised and discussed. This commission has made little progress in its work for a period of one year.[29]
In October 2019, Bulgaria set out a "Framework position" warning that it would block the accession process unless North Macedonia fulfilled demands regarding anti-Bulgarian ideology in the country,[30][31] and ultimately over an 'ongoing nation-building process' based onhistorical negationism of the Bulgarian identity, culture and legacy in the broaderregion of Macedonia.[32][33][34]
Bulgarian politicians claim North Macedonia remains the only country in NATO, that is an EU-candidate, whose politics is based on communist historical and linguistic dogmas accepted byASNOM.[35] Concerning theMacedonian language, Bulgaria advises the EU to avoid using the term "Macedonian language" during the accession talks, and instead use the term "Official language of Republic of North Macedonia", reaffirming that it does not recognise the language as separate fromBulgarian.[31] In North Macedonia this is widely perceived as a direct attack on its national identity and language.[36]
In September 2020, Bulgaria sent an explanatory memorandum to theCouncil of the European Union containing its framework position on the accession of North Macedonia.[37] On 17 November 2020, Bulgaria refused to approve the European Union's negotiation framework for North Macedonia, effectively blocking the official start of accession talks with this country over slow progress on the implementation of the 2017 Friendship Treaty between the two countries, state-supported or tolerated hate speech and minority claims towards Bulgaria.[2]
The veto received condemnation by some intellectuals,[38] and criticism from international observers.[39][40] Asurvey conducted in November 2020, by Alpha Research of 803 people from all overBulgaria, found that 83.8% of Bulgarians were against the accession of North Macedonia in the EU until the historical dispute is solved, only 10.2% of Bulgarians supported the accession with the rest not having an opinion.[41][42]
In June 2022 at the very end of the FrenchPresidency of the Council of the European Union (January–June), an urgent proposal was put out by the presidentEmmanuel Macron to resolve the dispute between the two countries. The proposal provoked a political crisis in Bulgaria. On June 8,Slavi Trifonov withdrew his party from Bulgaria's governing coalition, citing the issue of North Macedonia. This faced criticism from PresidentRumen Radev, who said the proposal was relatively good. However, the government abdicated its responsibility and delegated it entirely to the parliament. As result on 22 June the Bulgarian government faced amotion of no confidence, which it lost.[43] Nevertheless, on 24 June, after heated discussions, the parliament approved lifting the veto.[44] President Macron claimed that the European leaders had put a lot of pressure on Bulgaria to accept this deal, confirming its approval was a "very good signal". On June 25, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Sofia stated that the speed with which North Macedonia would approach the EU membership, already depended on itself.[45] Two days before the end of the French presidency of the EU, the Prime Minister of North Macedonia Kovačevski stated that the government remains of the opinion that the agreement proposed from Paris and approved by Bulgaria is unacceptable for the country. However, since then, the proposal has been backed by the government of North Macedonia.[46] In early July 2022,protests began in North Macedonia against the French proposal. However, the proposal was accepted by theAssembly of North Macedonia on 16 July 2022.[3]
On 17 July 2022 in Sofia, the foreign ministers of Bulgaria and North Macedonia signed a second bilateral protocol to the Treaty of Good Neighborhood and Friendship between the two countries. Such protocols were supposed to be signed every year, but in practice they have not been signed since 2019. According to the decision of theBulgarian National Assembly of June 24, the signing of this protocol is a condition for Bulgaria to approve the Negotiating Framework for the Republic of North Macedonia. The protocol contains specific measures and deadlines for the implementation of agreements on historical issues between the two countries, measures against hate speech, etc.[47]
On 24 June 2022, Bulgaria's parliament approved lifting the country's veto on opening EU accession talks with North Macedonia. On 16 July 2022, theAssembly of North Macedonia also approved the revised French proposal, allowing accession negotiations to begin.[3] The start of negotiations was officially launched on 19 July 2022.[4] The approved document includes the condition to stop "hate speech" against all "minorities and communities", that North Macedonia recognise a shared history with Bulgaria, and the inclusion of Bulgarian people as a recognised minority in the Constitution.[48] On July 17, North Macedonia signed a special protocol with Bulgaria to cooperate on these subjects.[49] However, there was no progress in the inclusion of the Bulgarian minority in theConstitution of North Macedonia, though in February 2023, the Bulgarian parliament adopted a declaration condemning, an allegedanti-Bulgarian campaign there and warned it could stop North Macedonia's EU integration again.[50]
Following the formal start of accession negotiations in July 2022, the next step is for North Macedonia to meet the conditions to start substantial negotiations by the opening of the first 5 negotiating chapters (Fundamentals cluster) at a second intergovernmental conference. This step will not begin until the "opening phase" has been completed, which according to theCouncil conclusions of July 2022 is conditional on theAssembly of North Macedonia approving the agreedconstitutional amendment related to the Bulgarian minority.[7][8][9] A two-thirds majority vote in the Assembly of North Macedonia is needed in order to approve the required constitutional amendment. However, the winning party of the most recentelections in May 2024 wasVMRO-DPMNE, which has consistently blocked the passage of the required constitutional amendment, and campaigned on the idea that the EU negotiation framework instead should be changed to omit this requirement.[51]
On 25 September 2024, the EU announced the decoupling of Albania from North Macedonia on the EU accession path, due to the disputes between North Macedonia and Bulgaria around theBulgarian minority in North Macedonia, which had delayed further talks.[52] Following the decision on decoupling of their processes, the EU opened negotiations on the first chapters with Albania separately on 15 October 2024.
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North Macedonia has so far received €1.3 billion of development aid until 2020 from theInstrument for Pre-Accession Assistance, a funding mechanism for EU candidate countries.
The government's motto for the candidacy is "The Sun, too, is a star.", referring to the sun from theflag of North Macedonia being displayed among the other stars in theflag of Europe.
North Macedonia's government has established a management infrastructure for the European integration process on the basis of a paper adopted in 1997 under the title "The strategic bases of the Republic of [North] Macedonia on achieving the membership of the European Union". It consists of the following institutions:
The other institutions supporting the EU integration process are the following:
Around 79% of the population of North Macedonia is in favour of EU accession.[53] However, those who think North Macedonia is closer to EU entry today than it was in 2005, when it first received candidate member status, dropped from 57% to 32% between 2018 and 2021.
According to the 2025 annual survey of opinion in North Macedonia, 65% of citizens have a positive attitude towards the EU (23% very positive, 42% fairly positive), while trust in the EU is 75%. It is also revealed that 70% of citizens would vote in favour of North Macedonia's membership of the EU if a referendum was held, while 70% of citizens believe that EU memebership would bring more advantages than disadvantages.[54]
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| October 1992 | The Republic of Macedonia appoints its representative inBrussels,[citation needed] agreeing to the use of the "former Yugoslav" before its constitutional name ("Republic of Macedonia") designation in bilateral relations.[citation needed] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 December 1995 | The Republic and the EU establish diplomatic relations. Negotiations commence directed at an agreement with a wide scope of co-operation in the fields of trade, financial operations and transport. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 March 1996 | Macedonia becomes a full partner in thePHARE Programme (Poland andHungary: Assistance for Reconstruction of their Economies). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 1997 | The Transport Agreement enters into force | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 January 1998 | The Cooperation Agreement enters into force. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 1998 | 1st political talks on ministerial level are held inOhrid, in accordance with the Cooperation Agreement. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 March 1998 | A Trade and Textile Agreement is signed (it remains in force until 1998 and is later replaced with a new agreement on 1 January 2000). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 and 22 March 1998 | 1st meeting of a mutual Cooperation Council in Skopje. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 March 1999 | 2nd meeting of the Cooperation Council in Brussels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 January 2000 | The European Commission adopts directives regarding co-operation and regarding the official start of negotiations for potential membership. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 2000 | Opening of the EU Delegation in Skopje; appointment of the first Chief of the Delegation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 April 2000 | Start of 1st round of negotiations on the SAA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 2000 | Adoption of a Perspective (regulation) on Potential Membership by the European Council in Fiera. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 November 2000 | The SAA is initiated at the Zagreb Summit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 2000 | Entering into force of Council Regulation on Introducing Exceptional Trade Measures; Macedonia joins the RegionalCARDS Programme 2002–2006. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 February 2001 | Interim Agreement on SAA Trade Provisions signed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 April 2001 | SAA and Interim Agreement on Trade and Trade Issues signed. The Agreement enters into force on 1 June 2001. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 2002 | Supplementary Protocol on Wine and Spirits, and Textile Products Trade Agreement. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 February 2003 | The President of the European Commission, Romano Prodi, visits Skopje, reconfirming the EU position on the country's perspective for EU membership. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25 July 2003 | Last of 6 meetings of the Cooperation Council in Brussels. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 2004 | "Declaration on the Application for EU membership" signed by the Macedonian parliament. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 March 2004 | At a ceremony in Dublin, Ireland, the Macedonian government submitted the application for membership in the EU. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 April 2004 | SAA enters into force following the ratifications by all the EU Member States. Status of SAA ratification
N/A: Not applicable.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 June 2004 | 1st meeting of the Stabilisation and Association Committee held in Skopje. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 September 2004 | National Strategy for European Integration adopted by the Macedonian government. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 September 2004 | 1st meeting of the Stabilisation and Association Council in Brussels. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 October 2004 | Questionnaire on accession preparation submitted to the Macedonian government by the European Commission. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 January 2005 | Answers to the Questionnaire finalised by the Macedonian government. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 February 2005 | Answers to the Questionnaire submitted to the European Commission by a Macedonian delegation in Brussels. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 May 2005 | Additional questions to the Questionnaire of the European Commission that were received on 22 April 2005 are answered, accepted by the Republic's government, and sent to Brussels. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 November 2005 | Positive recommendation on Macedonian accession issued by the European Commission. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 December 2005 | The European Council in Brussels approves the candidate status. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 November 2006 | The European Commission decides to start visa facilitation negotiations with the Republic. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23 June 2008 | Following the EU summit, the resolution of the naming dispute was added as a precondition to EU accession.[71] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 October 2009 | The European Commission recommended the start of the accession negotiations for full-fledged membership of the Republic of Macedonia.[72] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 29 March 2012 | European Commission launches a High Level Accession Dialogue with Skopje.[73] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25 January 2019 | ThePrespa Agreement enters into force on 25 January 2019, ending the decades long naming-dispute. It is outlined in the agreement that Greece will no longer veto the accession talks between North Macedonia and the European Union. Main article:Prespa agreement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 26 March 2020 | The European Council formally approved start of accession talks.[74] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 July 2022 | Accession negotiations started.[75] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
On 1 January 2008 the visa facilitation and readmission agreements between Macedonia and the EU entered into force.[76]Macedonia began a visa liberalisation dialogue with the EU in February 2008 and was added to the list of visa exempt nationals on 19 December 2009, allowing their citizens to enter theSchengen Area and Cyprus without a visa when travelling withbiometric passports.[77]
On 19 November 2024, the European Union and North Macedonia signed a Security and Defence Partnership.[78]
The screening process has been completed though no chapters have been opened thus far.
| Progression | 33 / 33
| 33 / 33
| 0 / 33
| 0 / 33
| ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acquis chapter[79] | Screening Started | Screening Completed | Chapter Opened | Chapter Closed | ||||||||||||
| 1. Free Movement of Goods | 30 January 2023 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 2. Freedom of Movement For Workers | 30 January 2023 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services | 17 January 2023 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 4. Free Movement of Capital | 7 October 2022 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 5. Public Procurement | 15 September 2022 | 16 January 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 6. Company Law | 3 February 2023 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 7. Intellectual Property Law | 17 January 2023 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 8. Competition Policy | 17 January 2023 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 9. Financial Services | 7 October 2022 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 10. Information Society & Media | 27 March 2023 | 15 June 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 11. Agriculture & Rural Development | 17 July 2023 | 1 December 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy | 17 July 2023 | 1 December 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 13. Fisheries | 17 July 2023 | 1 December 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 14. Transport Policy | 15 March 2023 | 15 September 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 15. Energy | 15 March 2023 | 15 September 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 16. Taxation | 31 March 2023 | 15 June 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 17. Economic & Monetary Policy | 13 June 2023 | 15 June 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 18. Statistics | 19 September 2022 | 16 January 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 19. Social Policy & Employment | 23 May 2023 | 15 June 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy | 26 May 2023 | 15 June 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 21. Trans-European Networks | 15 March 2023 | 15 September 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments | 17 July 2023 | 1 December 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights | 27 September 2022 | 16 January 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 24. Justice, Freedom & Security | 27 September 2022 | 16 January 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 25. Science & Research | 28 April 2023 | 15 June 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 26. Education & Culture | 27 April 2023 | 15 June 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 27. Environment & Climate Change | 18 March 2023 | 15 September 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 28. Consumer & Health Protection | 17 February 2023 | 9 March 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 29. Customs Union | 20 October 2022 | 15 June 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 30. External Relations | 6 December 2023 | 6 December 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy | 7 December 2023 | 7 December 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 32. Financial Control | 9 December 2022 | 16 January 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions | 17 July 2023 | 1 December 2023 | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 34. Institutions | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
| 35. Other Issues | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||
| Clusters | Acquis Chapter | State of Play | Cluster Opened | Cluster Closed | ||||||||||||
| Overview | Overview | 0 out of 33 | 0 out of 6 | 0 out of 6 | ||||||||||||
| Fundamentals | 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 24. Justice, Freedom & Security | – | |||||||||||||||
| Economic criteria | – | |||||||||||||||
| Functioning of democratic institutions | – | |||||||||||||||
| Public administration reform | – | |||||||||||||||
| 5. Public Procurement | – | |||||||||||||||
| 18. Statistics | – | |||||||||||||||
| 32. Financial Control | – | |||||||||||||||
| Internal Market | 1. Free Movement of Goods | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 2. Freedom of Movement For Workers | – | |||||||||||||||
| 3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services | – | |||||||||||||||
| 4. Free Movement of Capital | – | |||||||||||||||
| 6. Company Law | – | |||||||||||||||
| 7. Intellectual Property Law | – | |||||||||||||||
| 8. Competition Policy | – | |||||||||||||||
| 9. Financial Services | – | |||||||||||||||
| 28. Consumer & Health Protection | – | |||||||||||||||
| Competitiveness and inclusive growth | 10. Information Society & Media | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 16. Taxation | – | |||||||||||||||
| 17. Economic & Monetary Policy | – | |||||||||||||||
| 19. Social Policy & Employment | – | |||||||||||||||
| 20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy | – | |||||||||||||||
| 25. Science & Research | – | |||||||||||||||
| 26. Education & Culture | – | |||||||||||||||
| 29. Customs Union | – | |||||||||||||||
| Green agenda and sustainable connectivity | 14. Transport Policy | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 15. Energy | – | |||||||||||||||
| 21. Trans-European Networks | – | |||||||||||||||
| 27. Environment | – | |||||||||||||||
| Resources, agriculture and cohesion | 11. Agriculture & Rural Development | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy | – | |||||||||||||||
| 13. Fisheries | – | |||||||||||||||
| 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments | – | |||||||||||||||
| 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions | – | |||||||||||||||
| External relations | 30. External Relations | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
| 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy | – | |||||||||||||||
| 34. Institutions | – | – | – | |||||||||||||
| 35. Other Issues | – | – | – | |||||||||||||
| Acquis chapter | Status as of Nov 2025[80] | Chapter Status |
|---|---|---|
| Overview | 2 chapters at an early stage 1 chapter with some level of preparation 19 chapters with moderate preparation 11 chapters with good level of preparation 2 chapters with nothing to adopt | 0 chapters open |
| 1. Free Movement of Goods | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 2. Freedom of Movement For Workers | Early stage | Chapter not yet opened |
| 3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 4. Free Movement of Capital | Good level of preparation‡ | Chapter not yet opened |
| 5. Public Procurement | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 6. Company Law | Good level of preparation | Chapter not yet opened |
| 7. Intellectual Property Law | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 8. Competition Policy | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 9. Financial Services | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 10. Information Society & Media | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 11. Agriculture & Rural Development | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy | Good level of preparation | Chapter not yet opened |
| 13. Fisheries | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 14. Transport Policy | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 15. Energy | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 16. Taxation | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 17. Economic & Monetary Policy | Good level of preparation‡ | Chapter not yet opened |
| 18. Statistics | Good level of preparation‡ | Chapter not yet opened |
| 19. Social Policy & Employment | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy | Good level of preparation‡ | Chapter not yet opened |
| 21. Trans-European Networks | Good level of preparation | Chapter not yet opened |
| 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights | Moderately prepared† | Chapter not yet opened |
| 24. Justice, Freedom & Security | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 25. Science & Research | Good level of preparation | Chapter not yet opened |
| 26. Education & Culture | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 27. Environment & Climate Change | Some level of preparation | Chapter not yet opened |
| 28. Consumer & Health Protection | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 29. Customs Union | Good level of preparation | Chapter not yet opened |
| 30. External Relations | Good level of preparation | Chapter not yet opened |
| 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy | Good level of preparation | Chapter not yet opened |
| 32. Financial Control | Moderately prepared | Chapter not yet opened |
| 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions | Early stage | Chapter not yet opened |
| 34. Institutions | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt |
| 35. Other Issues | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt |
† indicates chapters in which the European Commission has simultaneously awarded the chapterboth "some level of preparation" AND "moderately prepared".
‡ indicates chapters in which the European Commission has simultaneously awarded the chapterboth "moderately prepared" AND "good level of preparation".
| Acquis chapter | 2011[81] | 2012[82] | 2013[83] | 2014[84] | 2015[85] | 2016[86] | 2018[87] | 2019[88] | 2020[89] | 2021[90] | 2022[91] | 2023[92] | 2024[93] | 2025[80] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Free Movement of Goods | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 2. Freedom of Movement For Workers | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage |
| 3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services | Early stage | Moderately prepared | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 4. Free Movement of Capital | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation‡ |
| 5. Public Procurement | Well prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 6. Company Law | Considerable efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation |
| 7. Intellectual Property Law | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 8. Competition Policy | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 9. Financial Services | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 10. Information Society & Media | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 11. Agriculture & Rural Development | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy | Good level of preparation | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation |
| 13. Fisheries | Moderately prepared | Further efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 14. Transport Policy | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 15. Energy | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 16. Taxation | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 17. Economic & Monetary Policy | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation‡ | Good level of preparation‡ | Good level of preparation‡ |
| 18. Statistics | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation‡ | Good level of preparation‡ |
| 19. Social Policy & Employment | Considerable efforts needed | Considerable efforts needed | Early stage | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy | Some level of preparation | Considerable efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation‡ | Good level of preparation‡ |
| 21. Trans-European Networks | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation |
| 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Some level of preparation | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights | Considerable efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Moderately prepared† | Moderately prepared† | Moderately prepared† | Moderately prepared† | Moderately prepared† | Moderately prepared† | Moderately prepared† |
| 24. Justice, Freedom & Security | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared† | Moderately prepared† | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 25. Science & Research | Considerable efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation |
| 26. Education & Culture | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 27. Environment | Considerable efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Further efforts needed | Moderately prepared | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation | Some level of preparation |
| 28. Consumer & Health Protection | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 29. Customs Union | No major difficulties expected | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation |
| 30. External Relations | Some level of preparation | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation |
| 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation | Good level of preparation |
| 32. Financial Control | Further efforts needed | Early stage | Early stage | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared | Moderately prepared |
| 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions | Totally incompatible with acquis | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage | Early stage |
| 34. Institutions | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt |
| 35. Other Issues | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt | Nothing to adopt |
| Legend: Chapters inbold indicate completed chapters. † indicates chapters in which the European Commission has simultaneously awarded the chapterboth "some level of preparation" AND "moderately prepared". ‡ indicates chapters in which the European Commission has simultaneously awarded the chapterboth "moderately prepared" AND "good level of preparation". totally incompatible early stage considerable efforts needed some level of preparation further efforts needed moderately prepared no major difficulties expected good level of preparation well prepared / well advanced | ||||||||||||||
| Member countries | Population | Area (km2) | GDP (billion US$) | GDP per capita (US$) | Languages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Macedonia | 1,836,713 | 25,713 | 12.383 | 6,143 | Macedonian |
| EU27 | 447,007,596 | 4,233,262 | 17,046 | 38,957 | 24 |
| EU27+1 | 448,844,309 (+0.45%) | 4,258,975 (+0.61%) | 17,277.98 (+0.06%) | 38,134 (–0.2%) | 25 |
| Previous enlargements | |||||||||
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| Americas | | |
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| Europe | ||
| Oceania | ||
| Multilateral relations | ||
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| Diplomatic missions | ||
| Related | ||
see also:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia | ||
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