Ongoing accession process of Moldova to the EU
This article is about the accession process of Moldova to the European Union. For the formal international relations between the European Union and Moldova, see
Moldova–European Union relations .
Accession ofMoldova to theEuropean Union Status Candidate negotiating Application
Potential candidate 17 June 2022 Membership application 3 March 2022 Candidate status 23 June 2022 Screened & negotiations commence 22 September 2025
Clusters unopen 6 Chapters unopen 35 Clusters open 0 Chapters open 0 Clusters closed 0 Chapters closed 0
Impact (27+1)
Population 446,828,803 450,900,630 Area 4,233,262 km2 2 4,267,105 km2 2 incl.Transnistria HDI 0.896 0.891 GDP (PPP )$25.399 trillion $25.821 trillion GDP per capita (PPP) $56,928 $57,625 GDP $17.818 trillion $17.834 trillion GDP per capita $39,940 $39,552 Gini 30.0 29.86 Official Languages 24 24 (no changes)Romanian is the official language of Moldova and it is already an official language of the EU sinceRomania acceded to the EU in 2007.
The accession ofMoldova to theEuropean Union (EU) is on the current agenda forfuture enlargement of the EU .
Following an application by Moldova in March 2022, Moldova was officially granted candidate status by the EU on 22 June 2022.
On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Moldova.[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together withAlbania ,Bosnia and Herzegovina ,Georgia ,Montenegro ,North Macedonia ,Serbia ,Turkey andUkraine .
Moldovan PresidentMaia Sandu with President of the European CouncilCharles Michel in Brussels, 29 April 2024 European perspective [ edit ] The European Parliament passed a resolution in 2014 stating that "in accordance with Article 49 of theTreaty on European Union , Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, as well as any other European country, have a European perspective and can apply for EU membership in compliance with the principles ofdemocracy , respect for fundamental freedoms andhuman rights , minority rights and ensuring the rule of rights".[ 10]
Membership application [ edit ] After the outbreak of theRussian invasion of Ukraine , President of MoldovaMaia Sandu signed the application for EU membership on 3 March 2022, together withIgor Grosu , President of the Moldovan Parliament; andNatalia Gavrilița , Prime Minister of Moldova.[ 11]
On 11 April 2022, theMinister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Moldova Nicu Popescu received a questionnaire from theEuropean Commission (EC) following a meeting with theEuropean Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Olivér Várhelyi as a result of Moldova's application for candidacy.[ 12] Delegation of the European Union to Moldova 's head Janis Mazeiks by the Prime Minister of MoldovaNatalia Gavrilița on 22 April,[ 13] [ 14]
On 17 June 2022, the European Commission formally recommended that the European Council grant the Republic of Moldova the perspective to become a member of the European Union and candidate status for accession, with a number of conditions for the opening of accession negotiations.[ 15]
On 23 June 2022,Moldova received the status of candidate together withUkraine . Both countries received candidate status under the commitment of structural reforms. Moldova's structural reforms include:
improving economic efficiency reducing corruption better enforcing property rights reducing the size of state-owned enterprises improvingenergy efficiency improving the labour market On 22 June 2023, EU Neighbourhood and Enlargement CommissionerOlivér Várhelyi provided an oral update on Moldova's progress toward the reforms.[ 16]
On 13 September 2023, during theState of the European Union Address,President of the European Commission ,Ursula von der Leyen stated that the future of Moldova is "in our Union".[ 17]
In its June 2024 EU enlargement report, theEuropean Commission expressed concern over the dismissal ofOctavian Armașu as governor ofNational Bank of Moldova as a risk togood governance andcentral bank independence in Moldova.[ 18] [ 19] International Monetary Fund .[ 20] [ 21]
On 20 October 2024, Moldova narrowly voted to amendits constitution to include the aim of becoming a European Union member state in the2024 Moldovan European Union membership constitutional referendum .
On 28 September 2025, the pro-EuropeanParty of Action and Solidarity retained power in theparliamentary election .[ 22] [ 23]
The 2023 enlargement package report was released by theEuropean Commission on 8 November 2023, including updates on Moldova's acquis alignment and a recommendation for the Council to open accession negotiations.[ 24] [ 25]
On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Moldova.[ 6] [ 7] [ 26] Ukraine .[ 7] [ 8] [ 27]
The screening process was completed on 22 September 2025 though no chapters have been opened thus far.
Chapter and screening dates Progression 33 / 33 33 / 33 0 / 33 0 / 33 Cluster Acquis chapter [ 28] Screening started Screening completed Chapter opened Chapter closed 1. Fundamentals 5. Public Procurement 2024-07-09[ 29] 2024-07-11[ 30] 18. Statistics 2024-11-13[ 31] 2024-11-14[ 32] 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights 2024-10-15[ 33] 2024-10-17[ 34] 24. Justice, Freedom & Security 2024-09-23[ 35] 2024-09-26[ 36] 32. Financial Control 2024-10-14[ 37] 2024-10-14 2. Internal Market 1. Free Movement of Goods 2025-02-18[ 38] 2025-02-21[ 39] [ 40] 2. Freedom of Movement For Workers 2024-12-03[ 41] 2024-12-03[ 42] 3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services 2024-12-05[ 43] [ 44] 2024-12-06[ 45] 4. Free Movement of Capital 2024-12-16[ 46] 2024-12-16[ 47] 6. Company Law 2025-03-20[ 48] 2025-03-20[ 49] [ 50] 7. Intellectual Property Law 2024-12-17[ 51] 2024-12-18[ 52] [ 53] 8. Competition Policy 2025-01-20[ 54] 2025-01-22[ 55] 9. Financial Services 2025-02-03[ 56] [ 57] 2025-02-04[ 58] 28. Consumer & Health Protection 2025-03-17[ 59] 2025-03-19[ 60] 3. Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth 10. Information Society & Media 2025-03-27[ 61] 2025-03-28[ 62] 16. Taxation 2025-05-15[ 63] [ 64] 2025-05-16[ 65] [ 66] 17. Economic & Monetary Policy 2025-05-21[ 67] [ 68] 2025-05-21[ 69] [ 70] 19. Social Policy & Employment 2025-04-03[ 71] 2025-04-04[ 72] 20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy 2025-05-22[ 73] 2025-05-23[ 74] 25. Science & Research 2025-05-12[ 75] 2025-05-12[ 76] 26. Education & Culture 2025-05-13[ 77] [ 78] 2025-05-13[ 79] 29. Customs Union 2025-04-07[ 80] 2025-04-08[ 81] 4. Green Agenda and Sustainable Connectivity 14. Transport Policy 2025-06-10[ 82] [ 83] 2025-06-13[ 84] 15. Energy 2025-07-10[ 85] [ 86] 2025-07-11[ 85] [ 87] 21. Trans-European Networks 2025-06-10[ 82] [ 83] 2025-07-11[ 84] [ 88] 27. Environment & Climate Change 2025-06-30[ 89] [ 90] 2025-07-04[ 90] 5. Resources, Agriculture and Cohesion 11. Agriculture & Rural Development 2025-09-15[ 91] 2025-09-17[ 91] [ 92] 12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy 2025-09-08[ 91] [ 93] 2025-09-12[ 91] [ 94] 13. Fisheries 2025-06-02[ 91] [ 95] 2025-06-03[ 96] 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments 2025-09-18[ 97] 2025-09-19[ 98] 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions 2025-09-22[ 99] 2025-09-22[ 100] 6. External Relations 30. External Relations 2025-02-05[ 101] 2025-02-05[ 102] 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy 2025-03-21[ 103] [ 104] 2025-03-21[ 105] Others 34. Institutions N/A N/A N/A N/A 35. Other Issues N/A N/A N/A N/A
Report history Clusters Acquis Chapter February 2023 Report[ 106] November 2023 Report[ 107] October 2024 Report[ 108] November 2025 Report[ 109] 1. Fundamentals Public administration reform - Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights - Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 24. Justice, Freedom & Security Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Economic criteria - Early stage / Some Early stage / Some Some level of preparation 5. Public Procurement Early stage Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 18. Statistics Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 32. Financial Control Early stage Early stage Early stage Some level of preparation 2. Internal Market 1. Free Movement of Goods Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Moderately prepared 2. Freedom of Movement For Workers Early stage Early stage Early stage Some level of preparation 3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 4. Free Movement of Capital Some level of preparation Some / Moderate Some / Moderate Moderately prepared 6. Company Law Early stage Early stage / Some Early stage / Some Some level of preparation 7. Intellectual Property Law Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Moderately prepared 8. Competition Policy Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 9. Financial Services Early stage Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 28. Consumer & Health Protection Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some / Moderate 3. Competitiveness 10. Digital transformation & Media Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 16. Taxation Early stage Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 17. Economic & Monetary Policy Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 19. Social Policy & Employment Early stage Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some / Moderate 20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 25. Science & Research Moderately prepared Moderately prepared Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 26. Education & Culture Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some / Moderate Moderately prepared 29. Customs Union Some level of preparation Some / Moderate Moderately prepared Good level of preparation 4. Green agenda 14. Transport Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some / Moderate 15. Energy Some level of preparation Some / Moderate Moderately prepared Moderate / Good 21. Trans-European Networks Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation 27. Environment & Climate Change Early stage Early stage Early stage / Some Early stage / Some 5. Resources, agriculture 11. Agriculture & Rural Development Early stage Early stage Early stage Early stage / Some 12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Moderately prepared 13. Fisheries Early stage Early stage Early stage Moderately prepared 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments Early stage Early stage Some level of preparation Moderately prepared 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions Early stage Early stage Early stage Early stage / Some 6. External relations 30. External Relations Moderately prepared Moderately prepared Moderately prepared Moderately prepared 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy Moderately prepared Moderate / Good Moderate / Good Good level of preparation 34. Institutions N/A N/A N/A N/A 35. Other Issues N/A N/A N/A N/A Legend: Well advanced
Good / Well advanced
Good level of preparation
Moderate / Good
Moderately prepared
Some / Moderate
Some level of preparation
Early stage / Some
Early stage
Year-on-year chapter progress Clusters Acquis Chapter November 2023 Report[ 110] October 2024 Report[ 111] November 2025 Report[ 112] 1. Fundamentals Public administration reform 2 2 2 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights 2 2 2 24. Justice, Freedom & Security 2 2 2 Economic criteria - 2 3 5. Public Procurement 2 2 2 18. Statistics 1 3 3 32. Financial Control 2 2 3 2. Internal Market 1. Free Movement of Goods 1 1 2 2. Freedom of Movement For Workers 1 1 3 3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services 1 1 3 4. Free Movement of Capital 2 2 3 6. Company Law 1 1 3 7. Intellectual Property Law 1 2 2 8. Competition Policy 1 1 2 9. Financial Services 3 2 2 28. Consumer & Health Protection 1 2 2 3. Competitiveness 10. Digital transformation & Media 3 2 3 16. Taxation 3 3 3 17. Economic & Monetary Policy 2 1 2 19. Social Policy & Employment 2 2 3 20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy 2 2 2 25. Science & Research 2 2 3 26. Education & Culture 2 3 3 29. Customs Union 2 3 3 4. Green agenda 14. Transport 1 2 2 15. Energy 3 3 4 21. Trans-European Networks 2 2 2 27. Environment & Climate Change 2 3 2 5. Resources, agriculture 11. Agriculture & Rural Development 2 2 2 12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy 2 2 2 13. Fisheries 1 0 3 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments 1 2 2 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions 1 0 2 6. External relations 30. External Relations 2 2 2 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy 3 3 3 34. Institutions N/A N/A N/A 35. Other Issues N/A N/A N/A Legend: 4
3
2.5
2
1
0
-4
According toOctavian Calmîc , who served asMoldova's Minister of Economy from 2016 to 2017, the accession of Moldova to the EU presents potential benefits but also risks. These include the loss of agricultural productivity due to the concentration of land ownership and business operations in multinational corporations, similar to what has occurred in other EU countries. Calmîc has said that the loss of agricultural productivity could lead to a reduction in domestic food production and job losses in rural areas. Additionally, Moldova's local industries face challenges, particularly the risk of decreased competitiveness in both domestic and international markets, which could result in plant closures and unemployment. Furthermore, the energy sector is vulnerable, as Moldova may face high energy prices and a lack of investment in energy infrastructure, according to Calmîc.[ 113]
Association Agreement [ edit ] TheEU Association Agreement (AA) was initialed on 29 November 2013 in Brussels.[ 114]
On 1 July 2016, the Association Agreement (AA) between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova fully came into force, following ratification by all 31 signatories.[ 115]
The parties committed to co-operate and converge economic policy, legislation, and regulation across a broad range of areas, including equal rights for workers, the exchange of information and staff in the area of justice, the modernisation of Moldova's energy infrastructure,[ 116] European Investment Bank .[ 117] summit meetings , and meetings amongministers , other officials, and experts.[ 118]
The Association Agreement commits Moldova to economic, judicial and financial reforms to converge its policies and legislation to those of the European Union.[ 119]
The 30 parties are Moldova, the EU andEuratom and the 27 EU members.[ 120]
The ratification was performed in accordance with article 4(2)(b) of the Maltese European Union Act,[ 167]
"Provided that with regard to treaties and international conventions which Malta may accede to as Member State of the European Union, and treaties and international conventions which Malta is bound to ratify in its own name or on behalf of the European Community by virtue of its membership within theEuropean Union, these shall come into force one month following their being submitted in order to be discussed by the Standing Committee on Foreign and European Affairs."[ 168]
As the treaty was submitted to the Standing Committee on Foreign and European Affairs on 21 July 2014,[ 169] [citation needed
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [ edit ] The ratification was based on The European Union (Definition of Treaties) (Association Agreement) (Moldova) Order 2015, made in accordance with section 1(3) of the European Communities Act 1972, after having been approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.
The agreement applied to the United Kingdom as an EU-member state untilBrexit on 31 January 2020. During thetransition period that followed Brexit, the agreement until 31 December 2020, the agreement still applied to the UK. The UK and Moldova announced on 8 October 2020 an agreement replacing the EU-Moldova Association Agreement between them,[ 194] [ 195]
The agreement established aDeep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) between the EU and Moldova, including "the removal of import duties for most goods traded between the EU and Moldova" and "broad mutual access to trade in services for both partners".[ 196]
A poll in June 2018 found that 46% preferred that Moldova join the EU versus 36% that preferred to join theEurasian Economic Union .[ 197] Maia Sandu announced that her government had officially submitted an application for membership of the European Union, 61% of Moldovans (40% 'totally', 21% 'rather') were in favour of EU membership, up from 52% before the start of theRussian invasion of Ukraine .[ 198]
Date Question Totally support Rather support Rather don't support Don't support at all Don't know/No answer March 2022[ 199] EU membership 40% 21% 10% 21% 8%
In May 2022, a poll in Moldova found that 56.1% supported EU membership.[ 200]
Two July 2023 polls in Moldova showed respectively 63% support[ 201] [ 202]
Areferendum on changing the constitution to include EU accession as a goal took place on 20 October 2024. There were no voting stations in Transnistria; however, residents there were free to travel to other areas of Moldova to vote.[ 203] [ 204] [ 205] [ 206]
According to the 2025 annual survey of opinion in the Republic of Moldova, almost nine out of ten Moldovans (86%) feel their country has good relations with the EU (a ten-point increase compared to 2024). Trust in the EU is also at its highest ever level, 71%. Overall, most Moldovans (55%) have a positive image of the EU, compared to 14% who have a negative image. 60% said they supported EU membership, and 63% would vote in favour of accession if a referendum was held, compared to 26% against.[ 207]
On 2 February 2014, theAutonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia held two referendums on European integration. In one, 98.4% voted in favour of joining theCustoms Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia , while in the second 97.2% opposed further integration with the EU. 98.9% also supported the proposition that Gagauzia could declare independence ifMoldova unified with Romania .[ 208] [ 209]
Schengen visa liberalisation [ edit ] Moldova citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area from 28 April 2014 without a visa. However, since October 2025, Moldovans need to comply with the EU'sEES system before entering any of the EU/Schengen member countries.[ 210] ETIAS rule was postponed to at least April 2027.[ 211]
Unification of Moldova and Romania [ edit ] There is some support for the unification ofMoldova andRomania , which would incorporate the current territory of Moldova into Romania and thus into the EU.[ 212] [ 213]
Member countries Population[ 214] Area (km2 ) GDP[ 215] GDP Languages Moldova 2,996,106 30,334 16 billion 6,410 Romanian EU27 447,007,596 4,233,262 17.046 trillion 38,134 24 EU27+1 450,003,702(+0.56%) 4,263,113(+0.71%) 17.062 trillion(+0.09%) 37,825(−0.81%) 24
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Previous enlargements 1973 (Denmark ,Ireland ,United Kingdom )1981 (Greece)1986 (Portugal, Spain)1995 (Austria ,Finland ,Sweden )2004 (Cyprus,Czech Republic ,Estonia ,Hungary ,Latvia ,Lithuania ,Malta ,Poland ,Slovakia ,Slovenia )2007 (Bulgaria, Romania)2013 (Croatia )Statistics Candidates
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