 | This sectionis largely based on an article in the out-of-copyrightEncyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, which was produced in 1911. It should be brought up to date to reflect subsequent history or scholarship (including the references, if any). When you have completed the review, replace this notice with a simple note on this article's talk page.(June 2016) |
Abu Hamad أبو حمد | |
|---|---|
Town | |
  Abu Hamad Location in Sudan | |
| Coordinates:19°32′36″N33°20′16″E / 19.54333°N 33.33778°E /19.54333; 33.33778 | |
| Country |  Sudan |
| State | River Nile |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 69 059 |
| • Density | 23,019/km2 (59,620/sq mi) |
Abu Hamad (Arabic:أبو حمد,Sudanese Arabic:[abuˈħamad]), also spelledAbu Hamed, is a town ofSudan on the right bank of theNile, 345 mi (555 km) by rail north ofKhartoum. It stands at the centre of the great S-shaped bend of the Nile, and from it the railway toWadi Halfa strikes straight across theNubian Desert, a little west of the old caravan route toKorosko. The population of Abu Hamad is 69,056.[when?] A branch railway, 138 mi (222 km) long, from Abu Hamad goes down the right bank of the Nile toKarima in theDongola mudiria.[1]
A 19th-century traveler described the town:[2]
Abou-Hammed is a miserable village, inhabited by a few hundredAbabdehs andBishàrees; the desert here extended to the water's edge, while the opposite banks were as green as emerald. There was a large mud fortress, with round bastions at the corners, to the west of the village. It formerly belonged to an Ababdehshekh [sic] but was then deserted.
The town is named after a celebrated sheikh buried here, by whose tomb travellers crossing the desert used formerly to deposit all superfluous goods, the sanctity of the saint's tomb ensuring their safety.[1]
TheBattle of Abu Hamed, a part of theAnglo-Egyptian reconquest of the Sudan, took place near the town on 7 August 1897.[3]
In 2023 a new road 450 km long from Abu Hamad to the site of a proposed sea port atabu Amama about 200 km north ofPort Sudan.[4]
Abu Hamad has an extremely hot and ariddesert climate (Köppen climate classificationBWh). Summers are long and extremely hot, and winters are warm. Throughout the year, humidity levels are low, and sunshine levels are high.
| Climate data for Abu Hamad (1991–2020, extremes 1909–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.7 (103.5) | 41.2 (106.2) | 46 (115) | 47.0 (116.6) | 48.0 (118.4) | 49.0 (120.2) | 49.5 (121.1) | 49 (120) | 47.0 (116.6) | 45.0 (113.0) | 43 (109) | 39.5 (103.1) | 49.5 (121.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.3 (88.3) | 35.1 (95.2) | 39.7 (103.5) | 42.7 (108.9) | 44.1 (111.4) | 42.9 (109.2) | 43.0 (109.4) | 43.2 (109.8) | 40.2 (104.4) | 34.4 (93.9) | 30.1 (86.2) | 38.0 (100.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.8 (69.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 26.2 (79.2) | 30.8 (87.4) | 34.3 (93.7) | 35.8 (96.4) | 35.4 (95.7) | 35.9 (96.6) | 35.7 (96.3) | 32.6 (90.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 30.0 (86.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) | 14.3 (57.7) | 17.4 (63.3) | 21.8 (71.2) | 26.0 (78.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.2 (82.8) | 24.9 (76.8) | 19.6 (67.3) | 14.7 (58.5) | 22.0 (71.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) | 4.5 (40.1) | 7.8 (46.0) | 11.8 (53.2) | 12.7 (54.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.0 (68.0) | 18.9 (66.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 5.3 (41.5) | 4.1 (39.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.00) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.0 (0.0) | 4.4 (0.17) | 6.0 (0.24) | 1.0 (0.04) | 0.7 (0.03) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 12.7 (0.50) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 33 | 26 | 20 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 22 | 25 | 21 | 24 | 30 | 35 | 24 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 306.9 | 285.6 | 319.3 | 318.0 | 325.5 | 321.0 | 319.3 | 297.6 | 267.0 | 325.5 | 306.0 | 313.1 | 3,704.8 |
| Source 1:NOAA[5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[6] | |||||||||||||
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abu Hamed".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 78.19°32′36″N33°20′16″E / 19.54333°N 33.33778°E /19.54333; 33.33778
