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Abgarid dynasty

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nabataean Arab dynasty ruling Edessa and Osroene (134 BC - 242 AD)
Abgarid
CountryKingdom ofOsroene, with the capital most of the time atEdessa
Founded134 BC
Current headExtinct
Final rulerAbgar X Frahad
DissolutionAD 242 (?)
Main article:Osroene

TheAbgarid dynasty was a dynasty ofNabataean origin.[1][2] Members of the dynasty, the Abgarids, reigned between 134 BC and AD 242 over the city ofEdessa and the Kingdom ofOsroene inUpper Mesopotamia.[1] Some members of the dynasty boreIranian names, while others hadArabic names, including Abgar itself.[3]J.B. Segal notes that the names ending in "-u" are "undoubtedly Nabatean".[3] The Abgarid dynasts spoke "a form ofAramaic".[3]

Following theBattle of Carrhae (53 BC), members of the dynasty pursued a broadly pro-Parthian policy for about two centuries.[3] At the turn of the 2nd century AD, theRomans turned Osroene into a Roman client state.[3] DuringCaracalla's reign (r. 198–217), most likely in 214, Abgar IX Severus was deposed and Osroene was incorporated as a Roman province (colonia).[3] Thereafter, Abgarid dynasts ruled either only in name[3] or over a limited territory of their former kingdom.[4]

Kings

[edit]
Kings of Edessa/Osroene
KingReignComments
Aryu132–127 BC
Abdu, son of Maz'ur127–120 BC
Fradasht, son of Gebar'u120–115 BC
Bakru I, son of Fradasht115–112 BC
Bakru II, son of Bakru112–94 BCRuled alone
Bakru II and Ma'nu I94 BCRuled together
Bakru II and Abgar I Piqa94–92 BCRuled together
Abgar I92–68 BCRuled alone
Abgar II, son of Abgar I68–53 BC
Interregnum53–52 BC
Ma'nu II52–34 BC
Paqor34–29 BC
Abgar III29–26 BC
Abgar IV Sumaqa26–23 BC
Ma'nu III Saflul23–4 BC
Abgar V Ukkama, son of Ma'nu4 BC–7 AD1st tenure
Ma'nu IV, son of Ma'nu7–13 AD
Abgar V Ukkama13–50 AD2nd tenure
Ma'nu V, son of Abgar50–57 AD
Ma'nu VI, son of Abgar57–71 AD
Abgar VI, son of Ma'nu71–91 AD
Interregnum91–109 AD
Abgar VII, son of Ezad109–116 AD
Interregnum116–118 AD
Yalur (Yalud) andParthamaspates118–122 ADRuled together
Parthamaspates122–123 ADRuled alone
Ma'nu VII, son of Ezad123–139 AD
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu139–163 ADFirst tenure
Wa'el, son of Sahru163–165 ADInstalled by the Parthians
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu165–177 ADSecond tenure
Abgar VIII the Great, son of Ma'nu177–212 AD
Abgar IX Severus, son of Abgar212–214 ADDeposed by the Romans; Osroene incorporated as a Roman province (colonia)[5][3]
Ma'nu IX, son of Abgar (?)214–240 ADMaybe ruled only in name[4]
Abgar X Frahad, son of Ma'nu240–242 ADMaybe ruled only in name[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abRamelli 2018.
  2. ^Sartre 2005, p. 500.
  3. ^abcdefghSegal 1982, pp. 210–213.
  4. ^abMosig-Walburg 2018, pp. 384–386.
  5. ^Sartre 2005, p. 508.
  6. ^Mosig-Walburg 2018.

Sources

[edit]
  • Ramelli, Ilaria L.E. (2018)."Abgarids". In Hunter, David G.; van Geest, Paul J.J.; Peerbolte, Bert Jan Lietaert (eds.).Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online.
  • Mosig-Walburg, Karin (2018). "Ma'nu paṣgribā, Vater des Königs Aelius Septimius Abgar X. Ein ,king in waiting'?" [Ma'nu paṣgribā, father of King Aelius Septimius Abgar X. A 'king in waiting'?]. In Ruffing, Kai; Droß-Krüpe, Kerstin (eds.).Emas non quod opus est, sed quod necesse est. Beiträge zur Wirtschafts-, Sozial-, Rezeptions- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Antike. Festschrift für Hans-Joachim Drexhage zum 70. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 371–387.ISBN 978-3-447-11087-7.
  • Sartre, Maurice (2005). "The Arabs and the desert peoples". InBowman, Alan K.;Garnsey, Peter;Cameron, Averil (eds.).The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0521301992.
  • Segal, J.B. (1982)."ABGAR". InYarshater, Ehsan (ed.).Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I/2: ʿAbd-al-Hamīd–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 210–213.ISBN 978-0-71009-091-1.
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