| Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah IV عبد الجاليل رعاية شاه | |
|---|---|
| Sultan of Johor | |
| Reign | 1699–1718 |
| Predecessor | Mahmud Shah II |
| Successor | Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah |
| Died | (1721-11-21)21 November 1721 Kuala Pahang |
| Burial | Royal Cemetery,Kuala Pahang |
| Issue | Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah Tun Abbas |
| House | Bendahara dynasty |
| Father | Tun Habib Abdul Majid |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Abdu’l Jalil IV Ri’ayat Shah Zillu’llah fi al-’Alam bin Dato’ Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Habib Abdul Majid (or simply as SultanAbdul Jalil Shah IV, bornTun Abdul Jalil) was theSultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Johor andPahang and their dependencies, who reigned from 1699 to 1718.[1]
He was the eldest son ofBendaharaTun Habib Abdul Majid who initially succeeded his father as theBendahara of Johor in 1697. Following the death ofMahmud Shah II without an heir in 1699, Abdul Jalil was proclaimed as the next sultan.[1]
Upon the death ofIbrahim Shah in 1685, his ten-year-old son,Mahmud Shah II, ascended the throne while state affairs were left toBendaharaTun Habib Abdul Majid. As he grew up, Mahmud Shah gained a reputation for his unpredictable behaviour, and Johor gradually descended into a state of chaos. This instability was exacerbated in 1697 by the death of Tun Habib. Although the bendahara's son, Tun Abdul Jalil, inherited the position and maintained some stability for a time, Johor was thrown into a state of upheaval in 1699, when Mahmud Shah was assassinated by a local chief,Megat Seri Rama, whose pregnant wife was executed on the Sultan's orders. The assassination was carried out as the Sultan was on his way to a mosque forFriday prayers.[1]
The assassination of Mahmud Shah marked the end of rulers of Johor who descended from the Sultans of theMalacca Sultanate and was a profound crisis for two reasons: firstly, the regicide was an act of treason, a grave offence according to the Malay worldview, and secondly, because Mahmud Shah had no known male successor.[1]
To fill the vacant throne, the aristocracy proclaimed Tun Abdul Jalil as the succeeding sultan atKota Tinggi on 3 September 1699. His accession, however, did not receive the unanimous support of all the various factions within Johor. Many questioned the legitimacy of the Sultan's rise to power. A deeply religious man, Abdul Jalil Shah IV gradually took less interest in governing his kingdom, devoting more time instead to his faith and to hisAcehnese wife Che Nusamah.[1]
In 1715, theBugis, based inSelangor, attacked and ransackedKedah. As overlord of Selangor, Johor claimed part of the spoils. But while Malay custom allocated half the spoils to the overlord, Bugis custom entitled the overlord to only a tenth. Seeking to assert its claim, Johor attacked Bugis strongholds of Selangor andLinggi. Although the Johor armies were numerically superior, the Bugis successfully repelled the attack. By 1717, Johor withdrew its forces from Selangor.[1]
The refusal of the Bugis to bow to Johor's demands exposed the sultanate's growing weakness. In addition, opposition factions towards Abdul Jalil's accession resulted several revolts against his regime. The turmoil set the stage for the emergence of the Siak prince,Raja Kecil.[1]
Following Abdul Jalil's contentious accession,Minangkabau settlements inRembau,Sungei Ujong andNaning that existed since the mid-15th century, began to challenge Johor's authority. In 1717, Raja Kecil ofSiak appeared on the scene, claiming to be the posthumously born son of the assassinatedMahmud Shah II. Backed by the Minangkabau, he was welcomed by many Johor subjects who hoped for the restoration of the dynasty descending from the rulers of Malacca.[2]
In 1718, Raja Kecil appeared on the Riau River with Minangkabau troops and succeeded in overcoming the Johor fleet. He was then able to capture Johor's capital onRiau Island, and proclaim himself ruler, adopting the style Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah (r. 1718–1722).[2]
Following the victory of Raja Kecil's forces, the deposed Abdul Jalil Shah IV was re-appointed as Bendahara of the kingdom and lived atKota Tinggi. By the end of 1718, he retired toTerengganu and further removed toPahang in 1719. On 11 July 1721, he establishedKuala Pahang as his new capital[citation needed] and made attempts to recover his kingdom with the support of nobles from Johor, Pahang and Kelantan.[2]
There were now three power centres in theMalay world. Raja Kecil in Riau, Abdul Jalil Shah IV on the east coast of theMalay Peninsula and the Bugis in Selangor and Linggi. The Bugis eventually came out as victorious, in part because Raja Kecil had sabotaged his own popularity by having Abdul Jalil Shah IV killed in Kuala Pahang.[2]
Abdul Jalil Shah IV was killed while conducting his prayers on board his ship, by an emissary sent by Raja Kecil offKuala Pahang, on 21 November 1721. The sultan was buried at the Royal Cemetery, Kuala Pahang.[citation needed]
Raja Kecil finally admitted defeat in 1722, and the Bugis installed Abdul Jalil Shah IV's sonSulaiman Badrul Alam Shah, as the next sultan of Johor.[2]
Abdul Jalil Shah IV of Johor Bendahara dynasty Died: 1721 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Sultan of Johor 1699–1718 | Succeeded by |
