Shāh Abdul Azīz Hotak (Pashto/Dari:عبد العزیز هوتک; died 1717) was the second ruler of theGhiljiHotak dynasty ofKandahar, in what is today thestate ofAfghanistan. He was crowned in 1715 after the death of his brother,Mirwais Hotak. He was the father ofAshraf Hotak, the fourth ruler of the Hotak dynasty. Abdul Aziz was killed in 1717 by his nephewMahmud Hotak.^[1] The tradition ofparricide continued as Mahmud died at the hands of his cousin and Abdul Azīz's son Ashraf.^[1]

Abdul Aziz was born in a wealthy and politically connected family in theKandahar area. His family had been involved in social and community services for many years. He was the son of Salim Khan andNazo Tokhi (also known as "Nazo Anaa"), grandson of Karum Khan and great grandson of Ismail Khan, a descendant of Malikyar, the original head of the Hotaki or Hotaks. The Hotaki is an important branch ofGhilji, one of the main tribes among thePashtuns.

Hajji Amanullah Hottak reports in his book that the Ghilji tribe were the original residents ofGhor or Gherj. This tribe migrated later to obtain lands in southeastern Afghanistan and then grew in number in this region.^[2]

In 1707, Kandahar was in a state of chaos due to it being fought over for control by theShi'a PersianSafavids and theSunniMoghuls of India. Mirwais Khan, a Sunni tribal chief whose influence with his fellow-countrymen made him an object of suspicion, was held as a political prisoner by the Safavid governor of the region,Gurgin Khan, and sent to the Safavids' court atIsfahan. He was later released and even allowed to meet regularly with the Shah,Sultan Husayn. Having ingratiated himself with the Safavid court, Mirwais sought and obtained permission to perform the pilgrimage toMecca in theOttoman Empire. He had studied carefully all the military weaknesses of the Safavids while he spent time in their court.^[3][4]

In 1709 Mirwais and Abdul Aziz began organising their countrymen in preparation for a major uprising. When a significant number of the Safavid garrison were on an expedition outside the city, followers of Mirwais and Abdul Aziz fell on the remainder and killed the greater number of them, including Gurgin Khan.^[4]

ThePashtun tribes rankled under the ruling Safavids because of their continued attempts toforcefully convert them from Sunni to Shia Islam.^[3] After Gurgin Khan and his escort were killed in April 1709, the Hotak tribe took control of the city and the province.^[5] The Pashtun rebels then defeated a largeQizilbash and Persian army, sent to gain control over the area.

Several half-hearted attempts to subdue the rebellious city having failed, the Persian Government despatchedKhusraw Khán, nephew of the late Gurgín Khán, with an army of 30,000 men to effect its subjugation, but in spite of an initial success, which led the Afgháns to offer to surrender on terms, his uncompromising attitude impelled them to make a fresh desperate effort, resulting in the complete defeat of the Persian army (of whom only some 700 escaped) and the death of their general. Two years later, in 1713, another Persian army commanded by Rustam Khán was also defeated by the rebels, who thus secured possession of the wholeprovince of Qandahár.^[4]

Abdul Aziz sided with the Persians and re-entered the suzerainty ofSafavid Iran, which proved unpopular with fellow Afghans.Mahmud Hotak, his nephew, seeing that his father,Mirwais Hotak's achievements would be washed away, assembled many of his fathers loyal followers, and entered the royal palace. Mahmud Hotak himself killed Abdul Aziz, and ascended the throne of theHotaks at the age of 18.^[6]

Abdul Aziz was buried at amausoleum next to his brother in the Kokaran section ofKandahar City in Afghanistan.^[7]

• Hotak dynasty
• History of Afghanistan

• Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Last Afghan empire

• 17th-century births
• 1717 deaths
• 18th-century Afghan monarchs
• 18th-century murdered monarchs
• Pashtun people
• People from Kandahar
• Emirs of Afghanistan
• Hotak dynasty
• People murdered in 1717

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