| Abdeen Palace | |
|---|---|
 The main facade of the Palace. | |
  Location within Egypt | |
| General information | |
| Location | Abdin Square Cairo,  Egypt |
| Coordinates | 30°02′30″N31°14′54″E / 30.04167°N 31.24833°E /30.04167; 31.24833 |
| Construction started | 1863 |
| Cost | £E2,700,000 |
| Technical details | |
| Size | 44 feddans |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect | French architect Rousseau |
Abdeen District is the home ofAbdeen Palace (Arabic:قصر عابدين), a 19th-centuryCairopalace built byKhedive Ismail and served as the Egyptian royal household's primary official residence from 1874 until theJuly coup in 1952.[1] Since then it has been one of thepresidential palaces.[1] The palace is centered in its eponymous district, administratively part of the Western Area of Cairo,[2] and part of theKhedival Cairo Area of Value[3] to the west ofHistoric Cairo.
Built on the site of a small mansion owned byAbdeen Bey, Abdeen Palace, which is named after him,[4] has adornments, paintings, and a large number of clocks scattered in the parlors and wings, most of which are decorated with pure gold. Built under the rule ofIsmail Pasha, to become Egypt's official government headquarters instead of theCitadel of Cairo (which had been the center of Egyptian government since theMiddle Ages), this palace was used as well for official events and ceremonies.
The construction started in 1863[4] and continued for 10 years and the palace was officially inaugurated in 1874. Erected on an area of 24feddans, the palace was designed by theFrench architect Léon Rousseau[5] along with a large number of Egyptian, Italian, French and European decorators. A new wing was added byJoseph Urban in 1891. However, the palace's garden was added in 1921 bySultanFuad I on an area of 20 feddans. The cost of building the palace reached£E700,000 in addition to £E2 million for its furnishing. Between four palaces, King Fuad spent more than 18 million French francs with just oneParisian furniture manufacturerLinke & Cie.[6] More money was also spent on the palace's alteration, preservation and maintenance by consecutive rulers. The palace has 500 rooms.[7]
The palace today is a museum, located in theOld Cairo district ofAbdeen. The upper floors (the former living quarters of the royal family) are reserved for visiting foreign dignitaries. The lower floors contain the Silver Museum, the Arms Museum, the Royal Family Museum, and the Presidential Gifts Museum.[7] A new museum, the Historical Documents Museum, was opened in January 2005. Among other documents, it contains the Imperial Ottomanfirman, or decree, which established the rule ofMuhammad Ali and his family, and a certificate for the Order of the Iron Crown, from the short-lived South AmericanKingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.
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