Abd Allah ibn Mu'awiya | |
|---|---|
 Dirham of Abd Allah ibn Mu'awiya minted inIsfahan inc. 746–747 | |
| Ruler ofIsfahan, Jibal,Ahvaz,Fars andKerman | |
| In office 744–747 | |
| Succeeded by | Amir ibn Dubara |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 130AH (747 or 748 CE) |
| Relations | Abd Allah ibn Ja'far (grandfather) Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (great-grandfather) |
| Parent | Mu'awiya ibn Abd Allah (father) |
Abd Allah ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abd Allah al-Hashimi (Arabic:عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْهَاشِمِي,romanized: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Hāshimī; died 747 or 748) was anAlid leader who started a rebellion against theUmayyad Caliphate atKufa and laterPersia during theThird Fitna.
Abd Allah ibn Mu'awiya was a great-grandson ofAli's brother,Ja'far ibn Abi Talib. Following the death of Ali's grandsonAbu Hashim in 703, the leadership of theAlid cause was vacant, and several candidates vied for it: one party claimed that Abu Hashim had transferred his rights to theAbbasidMuhammad ibn Ali, while another faction wanted to proclaimAbd Allah ibn Amr al-Kindi as the nextimam. The latter, however, proved unsatisfactory, and Abd Allah ibn Mu'awiya was chosen instead.[1]
Ibn Mu'awiya claimed not only the imamate, but also, according to Swedish orientalistKarl Vilhelm Zetterstéen, a divine status. Consequently, his followers embraced the concept ofreincarnation and rejected theresurrection of the dead.[1]
In October 744, Ibn Mu'awiya and his followers rebelled inKufa, and joined by other Alid sympathizers (especiallyZaydis), took control of the city and expelled its governor. The reaction of thegovernor of Iraq,Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, however, was swift, and he marched on Kufa. Most of the citizens deserted the Alid cause, but the Zaydi contingent fought with enough determination to allow Ibn Mu'awiya to withdraw from Kufa, first toal-Mada'in and thence toJibal.[1]
Despite his defeat at Kufa, volunteers opposed to the Umayyad regime continued to flock to his banner, including remnants of theKharijites defeated by CaliphMarwan II and some Abbasid followers. Taking advantage of the turmoils of theThird Fitna and the burgeoningAbbasid Revolution inKhurasan, which debilitated the Umayyad government, he managed to extend his control over large parts ofPersia, including most of Jibal,Ahvaz,Fars andKerman. He established his residence first atIsfahan and then atIstakhr.[1]
Finally, Marwan II dispatched an army under Amir ibn Dubara against Ibn Mu'awiya. The Alid's forces were utterly defeated at Marw al-Shadhan in 747, and his rule over Persia collapsed. Ibn Mu'awiya himself managed to flee to Khurasan, where the Abbasid leaderAbu Muslim executed him.[1]
Some of his followers refused to believe his death, and believed that he would return as themahdi, forming the sect known as the "Janahiyya". Others, the so-called "Harithites", believed that he was reincarnated in the person ofIshaq ibn Zayd ibn al-Harith al-Ansari.[1]
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