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TheAarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants, a 1998 protocol onpersistent organic pollutants (POPs), is an addition to the 1979Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). The Protocol seeks "to control, reduce or eliminate discharge, emissions and losses of persistent organic pollutants" in Europe, some former Soviet Union countries, and the United States, in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects.[1]
Authors and promoters of the Protocol were theUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), which at the time housed 53 different country members and alliance. The protocol was amended on 18 December 2009: the Amendments to the Text and to Annexes I, II, III, IV, VI and VIII to the 1998 Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants came into force on 20/01/2022 and the Amendments to Annexes I and II to the 1998 Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants came into force on 26/02/2023.
As of May 2013, the protocol has been ratified by 31 states and theEuropean Union.
In the United States, the protocol is an executive agreement that does not require Senate approval. However, legislation is needed to resolve inconsistencies between provisions of the protocol and existing U.S. laws (specifically theToxic Substances Control Act and theFederal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act). A recent scientific review highlights persistent challenges undermining the elimination of POPs. Factors discussed are delayed ratifications, high financial burdens for stockpile destruction, and a lack of a harmonized system.[2]
The following substances are contained in the CLRTAP POPs Protocol.[3] The document focuses on a list of 16 substances that have been singled out according to agreed risk criteria[4] (comprising eleven pesticides, two industrial chemicals and three by-products/contaminants). The Protocol assigned the arrangements for proper disposal of waste products deemed banned and limited, including medical supplies.[5]
| POP | Inclusion |
|---|---|
| Aldrin | Originally included |
| Chlordane | Originally included |
| Dieldrin | Originally included |
| Endrin | Originally included |
| Heptachlor | Originally included |
| Hexachlorobenzene | Originally included |
| Mirex | Originally included |
| Toxaphene | Originally included |
| PCBs | Originally included |
| DDT | Originally included |
| PCDDs/PCDFs | Originally included |
| Chlordecone | Originally included |
| Hexachlorocyclohexanes | Originally included |
| Hexabromobiphenyl | Originally included |
| PAHs | Originally included |
| Pentabromodiphenyl ether | Recognized |
| Octabromodiphenyl ether | Recognized |
| Pentachlorobenzene | Recognized |
| PFOS | Recognized |
| Hexachlorobutadiene | Recognized |
| PCNs | Recognized |
| SCCPs | Recognized |
This article incorporatespublic domain material fromJasper Womach.Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition(PDF).Congressional Research Service.
