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Aach | |
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_COA.svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Aach within Konstanz district  | |
 Location of Aach | |
  Aach  Aach | |
| Coordinates:47°50′44″N8°51′6″E / 47.84556°N 8.85167°E /47.84556; 8.85167 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Freiburg |
| District | Konstanz |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2017–25) | Manfred Ossola[1] (CDU) |
| Area | |
• Total | 10.68 km2 (4.12 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 545 m (1,788 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 2,427 |
| • Density | 227.2/km2 (588.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 78267 |
| Dialling codes | 07774 |
| Vehicle registration | KN |
| Website | www.aach.de |
Aach (German pronunciation:[ˈaːx]ⓘ) is a small town in the German state ofBaden-Württemberg (the region ofHegau). Being situated close toLake Constance and the Swiss border, it is mostly known for theAachtopf — Germany's biggest natural spring in terms of production. The town was originally twinned with the region of Colmnitz, but following the integration of Colmnitz intoKlingenberg, Saxony the town is now twinned with Klingenberg itself.
Aach was first mentioned in the year 1100, as part of theDuchy of Swabia. By the year 1150 the settlement was known inLatin asOppidum Ach in Hegovia. In 1200, the lords transferred ownership of the town to thePrince-Bishopric of Constance. Aach was grantedtown rights in 1283 by KingRudolph I ofGermany. For the next centuries it was a part ofFurther Austria until theHouse of Habsburg purchased theCounty of Nellenburg, the county in which Aach was situated.
In 1499 battles of theSwabian War took place right before gates of Aach. Only 26 years later, in 1525, theGerman Peasants' War reached Aach, when region's aristocrats flew from the uprisings to the city, whereupon it was occupied by the rebel peasants. However, the uprisings were thrown down quickly by September 1525.
On March 25, 1799, there was a battle in Aach betweenAustria andFrance in theNapoleonic Wars. After Austria's defeat in the Third Coalition 1805, Aach came to theKingdom of Württemberg (from 1810 theGrand Duchy of Baden), which joined theGerman Empire in 1871.
AfterWorld War II Aach became a part of the new (West) German state ofBaden-Württemberg. Following district boundary redrawings in 1973, the city moved from theStockach district to its current distract, Konstanz.
The first record ofJews in Aach is dated to 1518, in which the Jews of nearbyGeisingen were accused of murdering aChristian child, an incident that can be considered aBlood libel. Every ten years, the local Jews were required to renew their residence permits. Between 1560 and 1570, five Jewish families resided in the town. Jews could host a maximum of five guests. They were required to notify the authorities upon the arrival of a Jewish visitor, and he could not trade with the local townspeople. In 1583, residence rights, now truncated to five-year increments, were renewed for Aach's six Jewish families. Additional restrictions were imposed on the town Jews, forbidding them to deal with agricultural products, and chant at the synagogue.[3]
| Year | Population | Change (%) | Year | Population | Change (%) | Year | Population | Change (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 914 | n/a | 1950 | 1117 | +1.9 | 1990 | 1575 | +13.6 | ||
| 1880 | 954 | +4.4 | 1956 | 1274 | +14.1 | 1995 | 1973 | +25.3 | ||
| 1890 | 949 | -0.5 | 1961 | 1453 | +14.1 | 2000 | 2113 | +7.1 | ||
| 1900 | 972 | +2.4 | 1965 | 1427 | -1.8 | 2005 | 2230 | +5.5 | ||
| 1910 | 1011 | +4.0 | 1970 | 1355 | -5.0 | 2010 | 2175 | -2.5 | ||
| 1925 | 1014 | +0.3 | 1975 | 1415 | +4.4 | 2015 | 2243 | +3.1 | ||
| 1933 | 960 | -5.3 | 1980 | 1387 | -1.98 | 2020 | 2314 | +3.2 | ||
| 1939 | 1096 | +14.2 | 1987 | 1387 | = | 2025 | n/a | n/a | ||
| Source: Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg: Struktur- und Regionaldatenbank[4] | ||||||||||
Aach is situated at the edge of theHegau — a volcanic landscape betweenLake Constance and theSwabian Alb mountains. To the north, behind the UpperDanube, is the SwabianAlb. A few kilometres to the east and southeast are the branches of Lake Constance,Überlinger See andZeller See.The German–Swiss border lies about 14 km to the southeast.
The neighbouring settlements areEigeltingen in the north,Orsingen-Nenzingen in the east,Volkertshausen in the south, andMühlhausen-Ehingen in the west.
The following table shows the percentage of land in the town allocated for specific users, as of 31 December in the respective years.
| Zone | 1988 | 2000 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural land | 50.7 % | 47.9% | 42.6 % |
| Forest | 40.4 % | 40.7 % | 41.8 % |
| Housing and transport | 7.9 % | 10.6 % | 13.2 % |
| Water | 0.7 % | 0.6 % | 1.1 % |
| Other | 0.3 % | 0.2 % | 1.3 % |
| Source: Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg: Struktur- und Regionaldatenbank[5] | |||
Aach has ahumid continental climate (Köppen:Dfb;Trewartha:Dclo).
The Aach weather station has recorded the following extreme values:[6]
| Climate data for Aach, 1961–1990 normals, extremes 1937–1986 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 23.0 (73.4) | 28.4 (83.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 35.8 (96.4) | 37.2 (99.0) | 38.2 (100.8) | 33.0 (91.4) | 27.2 (81.0) | 21.8 (71.2) | 14.8 (58.6) | 38.2 (100.8) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 17.1 (62.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 31.4 (88.5) | 30.7 (87.3) | 26.7 (80.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 9.8 (49.6) | 32.3 (90.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) | 3.8 (38.8) | 8.9 (48.0) | 13.3 (55.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.7 (74.7) | 22.9 (73.2) | 19.8 (67.6) | 13.3 (55.9) | 6.5 (43.7) | 2.2 (36.0) | 12.9 (55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) | 0.0 (32.0) | 3.7 (38.7) | 7.8 (46.0) | 12.2 (54.0) | 15.8 (60.4) | 17.7 (63.9) | 16.7 (62.1) | 13.5 (56.3) | 8.4 (47.1) | 3.1 (37.6) | −0.5 (31.1) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.6 (23.7) | −3.6 (25.5) | −0.8 (30.6) | 2.5 (36.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | 9.5 (49.1) | 11.2 (52.2) | 10.9 (51.6) | 8.1 (46.6) | 4.2 (39.6) | −0.2 (31.6) | −3.4 (25.9) | 3.3 (37.9) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −13.8 (7.2) | −11.5 (11.3) | −7.9 (17.8) | −3.2 (26.2) | −0.3 (31.5) | 3.3 (37.9) | 5.4 (41.7) | 5.1 (41.2) | 2.0 (35.6) | −2.5 (27.5) | −7.5 (18.5) | −12.2 (10.0) | −16.7 (1.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.0 (−14.8) | −23.0 (−9.4) | −16.4 (2.5) | −7.8 (18.0) | −5.2 (22.6) | −1.4 (29.5) | 2.6 (36.7) | 2.2 (36.0) | −2.7 (27.1) | −6.8 (19.8) | −14.8 (5.4) | −21.2 (−6.2) | −26.0 (−14.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 52.2 (2.06) | 45.4 (1.79) | 45.8 (1.80) | 56.6 (2.23) | 81.6 (3.21) | 96.9 (3.81) | 86.1 (3.39) | 94.9 (3.74) | 59.0 (2.32) | 49.4 (1.94) | 63.3 (2.49) | 52.1 (2.05) | 783.4 (30.84) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 14.2 (5.6) | 12.8 (5.0) | 6.7 (2.6) | 1.3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5.6 (2.2) | 7.8 (3.1) | 21.0 (8.3) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 17.0 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 16.0 | 14.4 | 15.2 | 11.4 | 13.8 | 15.3 | 15.6 | 179.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 87.9 | 83.0 | 78.6 | 73.6 | 74.1 | 73.8 | 73.0 | 76.6 | 80.5 | 85.3 | 87.0 | 88.6 | 80.2 |
| Source:Deutscher Wetterdienst/SKlima.de[6] | |||||||||||||
Aach has formed a cooperation with the nearby City ofEngen sharing some of its administrative domains.
Aach has a city council with ten seats. The last elections in 2017 brought five for theCDU, and five seats for independent voters' associations. Aach's mayor is Manfred Ossola, elected in 2017 with 97.42% of the vote at a 70.4% turnout rate. He succeeded the term of Severin Graf, mayor from December 2001 until December 2017.
| Party | Vote Share | Seats | 2014 Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDU | 47.93 % | 5 | 40.5 %, 4 Seats | |
| Freie Wählervereinigung Aach | 41.23 % | 4 | 30.0 %, 3 Seats | |
| Unabhängige Freie Liste Aach | 10.84 % | 1 | – | |
| SPD | – | – | 23.8 %, 2 Seats | |
| FDP | – | – | 5.6 %, 1 Seat |
Blazon: "In red a golden (yellow) lion with three silver (white) stars distributed between the paws."
Significance: The lion can be considered as an indication of the affiliation to Habsburg. The stars served to distinguish it from the coat of arms of the dominion.
The Aachtopf, the strongest spring in Germany, is located in the town area of Aach. The Aachtopf is the source of theRadolfzeller Aach, which flows into Lake Constance. It is fed by the water of the Danube, which seeps northwards about twelve kilometres (as the crow flies) from the source of the Aach betweenImmendingen andFridingen in the karstified limestone of the White Jurassic (Danube seepage) and emerges here with an average discharge of 8,300 L/s (minimum 1,300 L/s, maximum 24,100 L/s).
Various commercial enterprises are located in the town of Aach, most of them in an inter-municipal commercial area with the municipality of Volkertshausen.
In Aach there is a public primary school with circa 100 pupils. The public secondary school was closed in summer 2010 after only 13 pupils attended this school in the last school year. There is also a kindergarten in Aach.
The nearest train station is five kilometres away in Mühlhausen-Ehingen. There are connections to long-distance trains fromSingen, twelve kilometres away, or from the station in Engen, six kilometres away.
Bus connections go to Singen, Stockach and in the direction ofEngen.
Aach is not far from the Hegau motorway junction. There are fast connections in all directions via theBundesstraße 81, theBundesstraße 98 and the two-laneLandesstraße 33. The town is also located on Landesstraße 31 (Freiburg im Breisgau-Friedrichshafen).
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Richard Gottheil (1901–1906). "Aach". InSinger, Isidore; et al. (eds.).The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.Towns and municipalities inKonstanz (district) | ||
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