 | This article has multiple issues. Please helpimprove it or discuss these issues on thetalk page.(Learn how and when to remove these messages) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
|
 | |
| Designer | Atmel |
|---|---|
| Bits | 32-bit |
| Version | Rev 2 |
| Design | RISC |
| Encoding | Variable |
| Endianness | Big |
| Extensions | Java virtual machine |
| Registers | |
| 15 | |
AVR32 is a32-bitRISC microcontroller architecture produced byAtmel. The microcontroller architecture was designed by a handful of people educated at theNorwegian University of Science and Technology, including lead designer Øyvind Strøm and CPU architect Erik Renno in Atmel's Norwegian design center.
Most instructions are executed in a single-cycle. Themultiply–accumulate unit can perform a 32-bit × 16-bit + 48-bit arithmetic operation in two cycles (result latency), issued once per cycle.
It does not resemble the 8-bitAVR microcontroller family, even though they were both designed at Atmel Norway, inTrondheim. Some of the debug-tools are similar.
Support for AVR32 has been dropped fromLinux as of kernel 4.12;[1] Atmel has switched mostly to M variants of theARM architecture.
The AVR32 has at least two micro-architectures, the AVR32A and AVR32B. These differ in the instruction set architecture, register configurations and the use of caches for instructions and data.[2]
TheAVR32A CPU cores are for inexpensive applications. They do not provide dedicated hardware registers for shadowing the register file, status and return address ininterrupts. This saves chip area at the expense of slower interrupt-handling.
TheAVR32B CPU cores are designed for fast interrupts. They have dedicated registers to hold these values for interrupts, exceptions and supervisor calls. The AVR32B cores also support aJava virtual machine in hardware.[3]
The AVR32 instruction set has16-bit (compact) and 32-bit (extended) instructions, similar to e.g. some ARM, with several specialized instructions not found in older ARMv5 or ARMv6 orMIPS32. Several U.S. patents are filed for the AVR32 ISA and design platform.
Just like theAVR 8-bit microcontroller architecture, the AVR32 was designed for highcode density (packing much function in few instructions) and fast instructions with few clock cycles. Atmel used the independent benchmark consortiumEEMBC to benchmark the architecture with various compilers and consistently outperformed both ARMv5 16-bit (Thumb) code and ARMv5 32-bit (ARM) code by as much as 50% on code-size and 3× on performance.[citation needed]
Atmel says the "picoPower" AVR32 AT32UC3L consumes less than 0.48 mW/MHz in active mode, which it claimed, at the time, usedless power than any other32-bit CPU.[4] Then in March 2015, Amtel claimed their newCortex-M0+-based microcontrollers usingARM Holdings'ARM architecture, not their owninstruction set, "has broken all ultra-low power performance barriers to date" by requiring only 35 μA/MHz.[5]
The AVR32 architecture was used only in Atmel's own products. In 2006, Atmel launched the AVR32A: The AVR32 AP7 core, a 7-stagepipelined,cache-based design platform.[3] This "AP7000" implements the AVR32B architecture, and supports a hardwareFPU,SIMD (single instruction multiple data)DSP (digital signal processing) instructions to theRISC instruction-set, in addition to Java hardware acceleration. It includes a Memory Management Unit (MMU) and supports operating systems likeLinux. In early 2009, the rumored AP7200 follow-on processor was held back, with resources going into other chips.
In 2007, Atmel launched the second AVR32: The AVR32 UC3 core. This is designed for microcontrollers, using on-chip flash memory for program storage and running without an MMU (memory management unit). The AVR32 UC3 core uses a three-stagepipelined Harvard architecture specially designed to optimize instruction fetches from on-chipflash memory.[6] The AVR32 UC3 core implements the AVR32A architecture. It shares the same instruction set architecture (ISA) as its AP7 sibling, but differs by not including the optional SIMD instructions or Java support. The FPU instruction set is optional, and was not implemented in the initial families of UC3 microcontrollers. It shares more than 220 instructions with the AVR32B. The ISA features atomic bit manipulation to control on-chip peripherals and general purpose I/Os and fixed pointDSP arithmetic.
Both implementations can be combined with a compatible set of peripheral controllers and buses first seen in theAT91SAM ARM-based platforms. Some peripherals first seen in the AP7000, such as the high speed USB peripheral controller, and standalone DMA controller, appeared later in updated ARM9 platforms and then in the ARM Cortex-M3 based products.
Both AVR32 cores include aNexus class 2+ based On-Chip Debug framework build withJTAG.
The UC3 C core, announced at the Electronica 2010 in Munich Germany on November 10, 2010, was the first member of the UC3 family to implement FPU support.[7]
On April 10, 2012 Atmel announced the End of Life of AP7 Core devices from April 4, 2013.[8]
If the devicename ends in *AU this is an Audio version, these allow the execution of Atmel licensed Audio firmware IPs.
If the devicename ends in *S it includes an AES Crypto Module.
D Series – The low-power UC3D embedsSleepWalking technology that allows a peripheral to wake the device from sleep mode.
.jpg)
Atmel Introduces AVR32 Microcontroller which Lowers Industry's Best Power Consumption by 63%; picoPower AVR32 AT32UC3L Microcontroller offers less than 0.48 mW/MHz Active and below 100 nA Sleep Mode
These Cortex-M0+-based MCUs can maintain system functionality, all while consuming just one-third the power of comparable products on the market today. This device delivers ultra-low power running down to 35μA/MHz in active mode, consuming less than 900nA with full 32kB RAM retention.[..]
"In Atmel's announcement last year for the company's SAM L21 family, I had pointed out the amazingly low current consumption ratings for both the active and sleep mode operation of this product family – now I can confirm this opinion with concrete data derived from the EEMBC ULPBench," explained Markus Levy, EEMBC President and Founder. "Atmel achieved the lowest power of any Cortex-M based processor and MCU in the world because of its patented ultra-low power picoPower technology. These ULPBench results are remarkable, demonstrating the company's low-power expertise utilizing DC-DC conversion for voltage monitoring, as well as other innovative techniques."
While running the EEMBC ULPBench, the SAM L21 achieves a staggering score of 185, the highest publicly-recorded score for any Cortex-M based processor or MCU in the world — and significantly higher than the 167 and 123 scores announced by other vendors. The SAM L21 family consumes less than 940nA with full 40kB SRAM retention, real-time clock and calendar and 200nA in the deepest sleep mode.
