Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Activating transcription factor 6 , also known asATF6 , is aprotein that, in humans, is encoded by theATF6 gene [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] unfolded protein response .
ATF6 is anendoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-regulated transmembranetranscription factor that activates the transcription of ER molecules.[ 8] misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum results in the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. The cytosolic portion of ATF6 will move to the nucleus and act as a transcription factor to cause the transcription of ER chaperones.
ATF6 has been shown tointeract withYY1 [ 9] Serum response factor .[ 6]
^a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000118217 –Ensembl , May 2017^a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026663 –Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" .National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" .National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR (December 1989)."Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers" .Genes Dev .3 (12B):2083– 90.doi :10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083 PMID 2516827 . ^a b Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (September 1997)."Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor" .Mol. Cell. Biol .17 (9):4957– 66.doi :10.1128/MCB.17.9.4957 .PMC 232347 PMID 9271374 . ^ Meex SJ, van Greevenbroek MM, Ayoubi TA, Vlietinck R, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Hofker MH, Vermeulen VM, Schalkwijk CG, Feskens EJ, Boer JM, Stehouwer CD, van der Kallen CJ, de Bruin TW (July 2007)."Activating transcription factor 6 polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in Dutch Caucasians" .J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab .92 (7):2720– 5.doi :10.1210/jc.2006-2280 PMID 17440018 . ^ "Entrez Gene: ATF6 activating transcription factor 6" .^ Li M, Baumeister P, Roy B, Phan T, Foti D, Luo S, Lee AS (2000)."ATF6 as a transcription activator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress element: thapsigargin stress-induced changes and synergistic interactions with NF-Y and YY1" .Mol. Cell. Biol .20 (14):5096– 106.doi :10.1128/MCB.20.14.5096-5106.2000 .PMC 85959 PMID 10866666 . Hai T, Hartman MG (2001). "The molecular biology and nomenclature of the activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element binding family of transcription factors: activating transcription factor proteins and homeostasis".Gene .273 (1):1– 11.doi :10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00551-0 .PMID 11483355 . Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR (1990)."Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers" .Genes Dev .3 (12B):2083– 90.doi :10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083 PMID 2516827 . Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (1997)."Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor" .Mol. Cell. Biol .17 (9):4957– 66.doi :10.1128/MCB.17.9.4957 .PMC 232347 PMID 9271374 . Yoshida H, Haze K, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K (1999)."Identification of the cis-acting endoplasmic reticulum stress response element responsible for transcriptional induction of mammalian glucose-regulated proteins. Involvement of basic leucine zipper transcription factors" .J. Biol. Chem .273 (50):33741– 9.doi :10.1074/jbc.273.50.33741 PMID 9837962 . Haze K, Yoshida H, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K (1999)."Mammalian Transcription Factor ATF6 Is Synthesized as a Transmembrane Protein and Activated by Proteolysis in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress" .Mol. Biol. Cell .10 (11):3787– 99.doi :10.1091/mbc.10.11.3787 .PMC 25679 PMID 10564271 . Li M, Baumeister P, Roy B, Phan T, Foti D, Luo S, Lee AS (2000)."ATF6 as a Transcription Activator of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Element: Thapsigargin Stress-Induced Changes and Synergistic Interactions with NF-Y and YY1" .Mol. Cell. Biol .20 (14):5096– 106.doi :10.1128/MCB.20.14.5096-5106.2000 .PMC 85959 PMID 10866666 . Yoshida H, Okada T, Haze K, Yanagi H, Yura T, Negishi M, Mori K (2001)."Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Formation of Transcription Factor Complex ERSF Including NF-Y (CBF) and Activating Transcription Factors 6α and 6β That Activates the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response" .Mol. Cell. 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Luo S, Lee AS (2002)."Requirement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway for the induction of the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein/immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein by azetidine stress: activating transcription factor 6 as a target for stress-induced phosphorylation" .Biochem. J .366 (Pt 3):787– 95.doi :10.1042/BJ20011802 .PMC 1222838 PMID 12076252 . Tardif KD, Mori K, Siddiqui A (2002)."Hepatitis C Virus Subgenomic Replicons Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activating an Intracellular Signaling Pathway" .J. Virol .76 (15):7453– 9.doi :10.1128/JVI.76.15.7453-7459.2002 .PMC 136367 PMID 12097557 . Shuda M, Kondoh N, Imazeki N, Tanaka K, Okada T, Mori K, Hada A, Arai M, Wakatsuki T, Matsubara O, Yamamoto N, Yamamoto M (2004). "Activation of the ATF6, XBP1 and grp78 genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a possible involvement of the ER stress pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis".J. Hepatol .38 (5):605– 14.doi :10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00029-1 .PMID 12713871 . Okada T, Haze K, Nadanaka S, Yoshida H, Seidah NG, Hirano Y, Sato R, Negishi M, Mori K (2003)."A serine protease inhibitor prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cleavage but not transport of the membrane-bound transcription factor ATF6" .J. Biol. Chem .278 (33):31024– 32.doi :10.1074/jbc.M300923200 PMID 12782636 . Newman JR, Keating AE (2003)."Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays" .Science .300 (5628):2097– 101.Bibcode :2003Sci...300.2097N .doi :10.1126/science.1084648 PMID 12805554 .S2CID 36715183 . This article incorporates text from theUnited States National Library of Medicine , which is in thepublic domain .
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP )(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH )
Group A Group B Group CPAS Group D Group E Group F
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP (1.4) NF-1 (1.5) RF-X (1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4 )
subfamily 1 subfamily 2 subfamily 3 subfamily 4 subfamily 5 subfamily 6 subfamily 0
(2.2) Other Cys4 (2.3) Cys2 His2 (2.4) Cys6 (2.5) Alternating composition (2.6) WRKY
(4)β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(0) Other transcription factors
Activates Is activated by stress
