AEK Football Club (Greek:Αθλητική Ένωσις Κωνσταντινουπόλεως,romanized: Athlitiki Enosis Konstantinoupoleos,lit. 'Athletic Union of Constantinople'), known simply asA.E.K. (Greek:A.E.K.;[aek]) in Greece andAEK Athens internationally, is a Greek professionalfootball club based inNea Filadelfeia,Attica,Greece.
AEK was also the first Greek team to reach the quarter-finals of the European Cup (1968–69) and to qualify for the group stage of the UEFA Champions League (1994–95).
AEK is considered the best Greek sports club, as it maintains more than 30 sports' departments.
The large Greek population ofConstantinople, not unlike that of the other Ottoman urban centres, continued its athletic traditions in the form of numerous athletic clubs. Clubs such asÉnosis Tatávlon (Ένωσις Ταταύλων) andIraklís (Ηρακλής) from theTatavla district,Mégas Aléxandros (Μέγας Αλέξανδρος) andErmís (Ερμής) ofGalata, andOlympiás (Ολυμπιάς) ofTherapia existed to promoteHellenic athletic and cultural ideals. These were amongst a dozen Greek-backed clubs that dominated the sporting landscape of the city in the years precedingWorld War I. After the war, with the influx of mainly French and British soldiers to Constantinople, many of the city's clubs participated in regular competitions with teams formed by foreign troops.Taxim,Pera, and Tatavla became the scene of weekly competitions in not only football, but also athletics, cycling, boxing, and tennis.
Football in the city was dominated by Énosis Tatávlon and Ermís. Ermís, one of the most popular sports clubs, was formed in 1875 by the Greek community of Pera (Galata). Known as "Pera" since the mid-1880s, and "The Greek Football Team" when its football department was formed in 1914, it was forced to change its name to "Pera Sports Club", and then "Beyoğluspor Kulübü" in 1923. Many of its athletes, and those of most other sporting clubs, fled during the population exchanges at the end of theGreco-Turkish War, settling in Athens andThessaloniki.[6]
The founders of AEK – a group of Constantinopolitan refugees (among them former athletes from the Pera Sports Club and the other Constantinopolitan clubs) – met at the athletic shop "Lux" owned by Emilios Ionas and Konstantinos Dimopoulos on Veranzerou Street, in the centre of Athens, and createdAEK.[7] Their intention was to create a club that provided athletic and cultural diversions for the thousands of predominantly Constantinopolitan andAnatolian refugees who had settled in the new suburbs of Athens (includingNea Filadelfeia,Nea Ionia,Nea Chalkidona,Nea Smyrni).
The first AEK team was:Goalkeeper Kitsos;Defenders Ieremiadis andAsderis;Midfielders Kechagias, Paraskevas, Dimopoulos, and Karagiannides; andForwards Baltas, Milas, Iliades, and Georgiades. AEK played their first match againstAias Athinon in November 1924, winning by 2–0.
AEK's football team grew rapidly in popularity during the 1920s, eclipsing the already-established Athens-based refugee clubs (Panionios,Apollon Smyrnis, etc.), thanks mainly to the large pool of immigrants that were drawn to the club, the significance of the name "Constantinople" for many refugees and Greeks, plus, in no small part, to the political connections and wealth of several of the club's board members. Not possessing a football ground, AEK played most of its early matches at various locations around Athens, including the grounds of theTemple of Olympian Zeus and theLeoforos Alexandras Stadium.
AEK's first president, Konstantinos Spanoudis(1871–1941),[8] a journalist and associate of the Prime MinisterEleftherios Venizelos, petitioned the government to set aside land for the establishment of a sports ground. In 1926, land in Nea Filadelfeia, which was originally set aside for refugee housing, was donated as a training ground for the refugees' sports activities. AEK began using the ground for training, albeit unofficially.[9]
In 1928, Panathinaikos, Olympiacos, and AEK began a dispute with the fledglingHellenic Football Federation (EPO), decided to break away from the Athens regional league, and formed an alliance calledPOK. During the dispute, POK organised friendly matches against each other and several continental European clubs. In 1929, though, the dispute ended and AEK, along with the other POK clubs, entered the EPO fold once again.
In 1930, the property where AEK trained was officially signed over to the club. Venizelos soon approved the plans to build what was to become AEK's home ground for the next 70 years, theAEK Stadium. The first home game, in November 1930, was an exhibition match against Olympiacos that ended in a 2–2 draw.[10]
The club's mixed success during the 1930s was highlighted by the first Greek Championship and Greek Cup (winning the double) in 1939.[13][14] Under former player Kostas Negrepontis as head coach, AEK also won the Greek Championship of 1940.[15]
On28 October 1940 all sports competitions were interrupted due to theGreco-Italian War. In a battle atPogradec, the player of AEK, Kostas Valvanis was badly injured by amortar bomb, whileAlekos Chatzistavridis seriously injured his leg during a battle inTepelenë.[16] After theBattle of Greece and during theAxis occupation of Greece sporting events were scarce. In the spring of 1942 Panathinaikos and AEK were to give a friendly match to raise money for a hospital but were asked to give part of the revenue to the occupation forces, which the captains of both clubs,Kritikos and Maropoulos refused it turned into one of the largest protests of the time. The match became known as the"Resistance Derby".[17]
In June 1944 AEK playerSpyros Kontoulis was killed by theNazi forces during his attempt to escape while being transported toKaisariani in order to be executed for being part of the resistance.[18]
With the managerJack Beby alongside with new players such asKostas Poulis,Goulios andPavlos Emmanouilidis, AEK won the Cup of 1949 and 1950, beating Panathinaikos by 2–1 and Aris by 4–0. AEK won also the AFCA championship in 1950, but the Panhellenic Championship was not played, due obligations of the national team. The early 1950s saw the addition of star footballers such asGiannis Kanakis,Andreas Stamatiadis andStelios Serafidis.
In 1955, AEK signed the best player of his era,Kostas Nestoridis, but his former teamPanionios did not consent with the transfer, thus Nestoridis was banned for two seasons, due to the law of the time. In his first season at the club Nestoridis showing his class, finished as the top scorer of the league, while AEK won the Cup in 1956, defeating Olympiacos by 2–1 in the final.
WithKostas Nestoridis scoring goals in the early 1960s (top goalscorer for 5 seasons in row, from 1958 to 1963), and the timely signing of attackerMimis Papaioannou (the club's all-time top goalscorer and record appearance maker) in 1962, AEK went on to win the 1962–63 championship.[19] Known affectionately as "Mimis" by the AEK supporters, Papaioannou scored twice in the 1963 playoff against Panathinaikos, leveling the score at 3–3 and giving AEK its first post-war championship on goal aggregate. Coached by Hungarian-GermanJenő Csaknády, the championship team also consisted ofStelios Serafidis,Miltos Papapostolou, andAndreas Stamatiadis. Youngsters likeAlekos Sofianidis,Stelios Skevofilakas,Giorgos Petridis, andManolis Kanellopoulos played a significant role in the victorious 1963 campaign.
Captained by Papaioannou in the 1976–1977 season, AEK reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup competition, the first Greek football club to do so. BeatingDynamo Moscow (Russia) 2–0,Derby County (England) 2–0 and 3–2,Red Star Belgrade (Yugoslavia) 2–0, andQPR (England) 3–0 and 7–6 on penalties, AEK were eventually eliminated byGianni Agnelli'sJuventus. Juventus went on to win their first European title.[24]
It was during this period that AEK signed one of Greece's finest strikers,Thomas Mavros, the all-time top goalscorer in theGreek Championship. In the following years, he andDušan Bajević formed a formidable attacking duo for AEK. Mavros was an integral part of the team that reached the UEFA Cup semi-final in 1976, but it was his devastating form (top goalscorer in 1978 and 1979 – 22 and 31 goals, respectively) that helped AEK to win the 1977–78 Championship-Cup double. The addition of former Panathinaikos starsDomazos andEleftherakis to the AEK squad the following year saw the club cap off their most successful decade to date by winning the 1979 Championship.[25]
Under the leadership of Loukas Barlos, theAEK Stadium was finally completed with the addition of the iconiccovered stand, orSkepasti (Σκεπαστή), which eventually became home to the most fanatic of AEK supporter groups, "Original 21".[26] The next generation of star players, fresh out of AEK's Academy, made their debut during this period:Stelios Manolas,Spyros Ikonomopoulos,Vangelis Vlachos, andLysandros Georgamlis.
After the departure of Loukas Barlos in the ownership of the club was taken over by sports goods businessman,Andreas Zafiropoulos. The club went on for two season without claiming any titles and destinctions. In the summer of 1982, Zafiropoulos stepped out of the presidency, which was handed over to the shipowner,Michalis Arkadis. With the Austrian coachHelmut Senekowitsch, who was hired in mid-season, AEK won the 1983 Cup, beatingPAOK 2–0 in the newly builtAthens Olympic Stadium.[27] Thomas Mavros and Vangelis Vlachos were the goalscorers.[28] After a destuctive season under the presicency of the Cypriot travel agency owner, Lefteris Panagidis, Andreas Zafiropoulos returned at the position of the president in 1984. Despite of the signing of players such asHåkan Sandberg,Nikos Pias,Theologis Papadopoulos,Makis Chatzis andMárton Esterházy the club finished third. With the magical triplet of Mavros-Sandberg-Esterházy in the team's offense and under the new managerJacek Gmoch, AEK were able to defeatReal Madrid by 1–0 at home for the first round of the UEFA Cup. Nevertheless, they were eliminated by the Spanisg club in the rematch and in the league they barely finished third, winning Iraklis in a play-off match.[29] They following season was marked as one of the worst in the clubs history as the club finished seventh in the league with two managerial changes, in the faces ofAb Fafié andNikos Alefantos. The latter spoke out against Mavros, considering him "finished" as a footballer,[30] which led in the departure of Mavros, after 11 years in the club.
In the summer of 1987Todor Veselinović was hired for the position of the coach whileGiorgos Savvidis,Henrik Nielsen andGeorgios Koutoulas arrived. AEK were in the title race, with their only contenders being AEL. The footballer of AEL, Georgi Tsingov, was tested positive in a dopping test and the case was transferred to the courts becoming known as the "Tsingov case". There, AEL were initially punished with zeroing for the match, a 2-point deduction and punishment of the player, which brought AEK to the top of the table. AEL appealed with their fans rallied, resulting in the alteration of the regulation overnight and the return of the points, which led in their eventual conquest of the championship.[31] In the last match of the season at Nea Filadelfeia, the tension between the ultras and Zafiropoulos peaked, when the riot police invaded the ultra's stand and resulted in heated encounters. That led in Zafiropoulos stepping out from the presidency.[32]
In the summer of 1988 the new presidentStratos Gidopoulos hired the former player Dušan Bajević and with signings such asMirosław Okoński andAntonis Minou built a well-worked team. AEK clinched the title after winning a crucial match 1–0 against Olympiacos at the Athens Olympic Stadium.Takis Karagiozopoulos scored the goal that gave AEK its first Championship after ten years.[33] The following season with the addition ofDaniel Batista AEK won also the Greek Super Cup of 1989, beating Panathinaikos on penalties after the match ended in a 1–1 draw[34] and theLeague Cup winning Olympiacos by 3–2, in an institution that took place only once.[35]
In 1991 AEK faced administrative problems and which led Gidopoulos to resign and a temporary administration led by Kostas Generakis took over. The new management of the club put the club's finances of in order and at the same time proceeded in the transfers ofRefik Šabanadžović,Vasilis Dimitriadis andAlexis Alexandris. AEK Stadium was renamed to"Nikos Goumas Stadium".[36] Under Bajević the team presented a solid performance and won the title, with Dimitriadis f8inishing as the top scorer of the league. After the season was over,Dimitris Melissanidis and Giannis Karras purchased the shares of Zafiropoulos.[37] In the summer of 1992, the new owners of the club, helped the club recover financially and supporte Bdajević. with siginings such asZoran Slišković,Tasos Mitropoulos, andIlias Atmatsidis, while in DecemberVasilios Tsiartas andCharis Kopitsis also arrived. AEK won the title for the second consecutive season with a 1-point difference from Panathinaikos. Dimitriadis emerged again top scorer as the league's top with 33 goals, winning the European Silver Shoe.[38] The following season Bajević, decided to make a renewal in the roster, signing the youngstersVasilios Borbokis andMichalis Kasapis. AEK won the championship and with three successive championship wins, established themselves as one of the most successful periods in their history. Alexis Alexandris alongsideKrzysztof Warzycha of Panathinaikos were the top scorers of the league.
First Greek presence in the UEFA Champions League group stage
In 1994–95, AEK became the first Greek football club to participate in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League after defeating Scottish champions,Rangers;[39] AEK were eliminated byAjax andAC Milan, who made it to the final. WithMichalis Trochanas as president and Dušan Bajević as coach, the club won the Greek Cup in 1996.[40]
Former player Petros Ravousis took over the coaching position when Dušan Bajević left for Olympiacos at the end of 1996. By far AEK's most successful run with titles, the period also saw the club signTemur Ketsbaia and several young, talented players likeDemis Nikolaidis,[41]Christos Kostis,Christos Maladenis andAkis Zikos. Nikolaidis, in particular, an AEK fan since childhood, declined more lucrative offers from Olympiacos and Panathinaikos to sign for his beloved club.[42] During the 1996–97 and 1997–98 seasons, AEK progressed to the quarter-finals of theUEFA Cup Winners' Cup, where they were eliminated byParis Saint-Germain[43] andLokomotiv Moscow.[44] Ravousis led the team to its second Super Cup in 1996,[45] and its eleventh Cup title in 1997, beating Panathinaikos in both finals.[46]
Trochanas no longer being support financially the club, was looking for a buyer, sold his shares to the financially powerful, English multinationalENIC.[47]
In 1999, ex-presidentDimitris Melissanidis, took over the management of the club, organised a friendly match againstPartizan in Belgrade, during the height of theNATO bombing of Serbia. As a gesture of compassion and solidarity towards the embattled Serbs, the AEK players and management staff defied the international embargo and traveled to Belgrade for the match.[48][49] The game ended 1–1, when after 60 minutes thousands of Serbian football fans invaded the pitch to embrace the footballers.[50][51]
AEK won its twelfth Cup title in 2000 under coachGiannis Pathiakakis, defeatingIonikos 3–0 in the final.[52] The club continued its consistency in the Championship of 2001–02, finishing second on goal difference behind Olympiacos,[53] and beating Olympiacos in the Greek Cup final.[54]
Under Bajević, AEK progressed through the qualifying rounds in the 2002 UEFA Champions League by eliminatingAPOEL. Drawn in Group A withAS Roma,Real Madrid, andRacing Genk, AEK with good performances drew all their games and were knocked out of the competition. They continued toUEFA Cup, eliminatingMaccabi Haifa (4–0, 4–1) before being knocked out byMálaga CF.
Off the pitch, the administration of Makis Psomiadis caused many problems for AEK, whose mismanagement put the club into debt. He was also accused of assaulting club captain, Demis Nikolaidis and other players with the assistance of his bodyguards.[56]
After the altercation, and partly due to the club's growing financial problems, Nikolaidis left on a free transfer by mutual consent toAtlético Madrid.[57] Unable to cope with the negativity from a large section of AEK fans,[58] Bajević resigned in 2004 in the middle of a match againstIraklis.[59]
In 2004,Demis Nikolaidis and other significant AEK followers formed a supporters' club Enosis 1924 (Union 1924) to motivate all AEK supporters into taking up the club's shares and governance.[60] The project was not fully realised because, in the meantime, various businessmen decided to buy shares and invest money in the club. However, to this date, Enosis 1924's chairman is a member of the AEK Athens board.[61] The same year,Nikos Goumas Stadium, AEK's home stadium for over 70 years, was demolished, large parts of it having been damaged by the1999 Athens earthquake.[62]
In 2004, on the back of strong AEK fan support, Nikolaidis, at the head of a consortium of businessmen, bought out the beleaguered club and became the new president. His primary task was to lead AEK out of its precarious financial position. The first success was an arrangement through theGreek judicial system to write off most of the massive debt that previous club administrators had amassed and to repay any remaining public debts in manageable installments.
Securing the club's existence in the Alpha Ethniki, Nikolaidis then began a program to rebuild AEK to its former glory. He appointed experienced former playerIlija Ivić as technical director and brought backFernando Santos as a coach. The AEK fans, emboldened by Nikolaidis' efforts, followed suit by buying season ticket packages in record numbers (over 17,000).
AEK recruited promising young players to strengthen a depleted team. Led by the experienced Katsouranis and Liberopoulos, and featuring BrazilianJúlio César, the club made it to the Greek Cup final for the seventh time in 13 years but finished second in the Championship, and in the process, secured a place in the third qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League. For the2006–07 season, formerReal Betis coachLorenzo Serra Ferrer was appointed to the coaching position after Fernando Santos' contract was not renewed.[63]
By beating Hearts over both legs (2–1 in Scotland and 3–0 in Greece), AEK progressed to the group stage of the Champions League.[64] The club obtained a total of 8 points, having beatenAC Milan 1–0,Lille 1–0, and managing two draws with Anderlecht (1–1 in Greece and 2–2 in Belgium). AEK finished second in the Greek Super League, qualifying again for the third round in the UEFA Champions League.[65]
After being eliminated from theUEFA Champions League, AEK were drawn to play againstFC Salzburg in theUEFA Cup. On 20 September, AEK claimed a home win over Salzburg by the scoreline of 3–0.[72] In the second leg, played inSalzburg on 4 October, AEK lost the match but still went through 3–1 on aggregate.[73] On 9 October, AEK were drawn in Group C in the UEFA Cup group stage along withVillarreal,Fiorentina,Mladá Boleslav, andElfsborg.[74] On 25 October, AEK kicked off the group stage with a 1–1 draw away to Elfsborg.[75] On 29 November, AEK again drew 1–1, this time at home to Fiorentina.[76] On 5 December, AEK won Mladá Boleslav 1–0 away[77] and on 20 December, AEK were defeated at home with 1–2[78] by Villarreal, but finally booked a place in the knockout stage of theUEFA Cup by finishing third in the group. They were then drawn againstGetafe in the third round (phase of 32). AEK advanced to the third round of the UEFA Cup for the second consecutive season.
On 12 February, AEK parted company withLorenzo Serra Ferrer after a poor run of form and unsuccessful signings[79] and replaced him with former playerNikos Kostenoglou, on acaretaker basis. The team initially finished in first place in the league, but after the court case betweenApollon Kalamarias andOlympiacos for the illegal usage of a player in the 1–0 Apollon Kalamarias win earlier in the season, Olympiacos was awarded 3 points, thus finishing 2 points ahead of AEK.[80]
PresidentDemis Nikolaidis and several other managers and chairmen were angered with the court's decision, stating that theHellenic Football Federation knew about the usage of the illegal player prior to the game and had indeed issued a registration (blue card), but didn't do anything about it. Panathinaikos also challenged the result at the Court of Arbitration in Sport (CAS) with no success, as the Hellenic Federation did not support the claim. Rivaldo had stated his intention to leave Greece if the ruling went in favour of Olympiacos and AEK were not declared champions. He stated, "A team that was not good enough to win the title on the pitch does not deserve the trophy".[81]
Giorgos Donis was appointed head coach of AEK on 14 May.[82] His reign at the club did not go well. It began when AEK failed to defeatAC Omonia in the UEFA Cup second qualifying round, which meant their elimination from European competitions for the season.[83] Rivaldo asked to leave the club to sign forBunyodkor on 27 August.[84]
The league campaign started very well after a win over rivalsPanathinaikos in the opening game of the season,[85] but poor performances and results from then on left AEK in a difficult situation. Head coach Donis was eager to leave the club, but president Nikolaidis did not allow him to leave. Nevertheless, Nikolaidis left due to disappointing results and after a controversy with the club's supporters, Original 21,[86] leaving the presidency temporarily to the members of the board of directors, Nikos Koulis, and Takis Kanellopoulos.[87]
However, the series of disappointing results continued, bringing anger and insecure situations for everyone on the team. The first to be hit by this wave of disappointment and upset with the team council was coach Donis, who was asked to leave the team.[88] On 21 November 2008, AEK hiredDušan Bajević as head coach for third time.[89] However, after a while, Takis Kanellopoulos left the club, as he sparked a rivalry with Bajević.
On 4 February 2009, Nikos Thanopoulos was elected as the 41st president of AEK FC.[90] Bajević brought some much-needed stability to the club, and performances on the pitch improved vastly towards the end of the season, culminating in AEK's progression to theGreek Cup final against Olympiacos which was played on 2 May 2009, at Athens Olympic Stadium.[91] AEK lost in thefinal 14–15 on penalties.[92] AEK finished the regular season in fourth position, thus qualifying for the season'splayoffs, in which they eventually finished second, just missing out onUEFA Champions League qualification.
On 7 October 2010,Manolo Jiménez agreed to a two-year deal and took over for Bajević.[93]
On 30 April 2011, AEK won the Greek Cup for the 14th time, defeating 3–0Atromitos at the final.[94]
To compensate for the departures ofNacho Scocco, Papa Bouba Diop,Sebastián Saja, andIsmael Blanco in the summer of 2011, AEK signed the captain ofIcelandEiður Guðjohnsen, and Colombian internationalFabián Vargas.[95][96][97] Due to financial problems, on 25 June 2012, AEK legendThomas Mavros took over the club's management and on 1 August 2012, became president in an effort to save the club from financial disaster.[98] Many other former AEK players like Vasilios Tsiartas,Mimis Papaioannou,Kostas Nestoridis,Christos Kostis,Vangelis Vlachos, Christos Arvanitis, and Giorgos Karafeskos were hired to help the club return to its previous glory days. Due to bad results, on 30 September 2012, Vangelis Vlachos was fired andEwald Lienen hired as AEK's head coach. On 9 April 2013, Lienen was fired after disappointing results and AEK hired Traianos Dellas as head coach withVasilios Borbokis andAkis Zikos as assistants.[99]
On 19 April 2013, a Super League disciplinary committee voted to remove 3 points from AEK and award Panthrakikos a 3–0 win, after fans stormed the pitch and chased players from the field during the AEK–Panthrakikos match on 14 April 2013.[100] As a result, AEK were relegated from the Super League to the second-tier Football League for the first time in their history.[101] In addition, AEK were to start their Football League campaign with minus 2 points.[102]
On 7 June 2013, during an AEK council, it was decided that AEK FC would become an amateur football club and would not participate in the Football League division for the 2013–14 season, preferring instead, to self-relegate and participate in theFootball League 2 division and start from scratch. On the same dayDimitris Melissanidis, the former president of the club, became administrative leader of the club, under the supervision ofAmateur AEK, with the aim of saving the club. Along with other notable AEK fans and old players, they went on to create the non-profit associationIndependent Union of Friends of AEK (Greek:Ανεξάρτητη Ένωση Φίλων ΑΕΚ;Anexártiti Énosi Fίlon AEK) which took the majority stake of the football club.[103][104]
AEK began its revival by signingTraianos Dellas as their new head coach.[105][106] Dellas led AEK to first place in thethird national division with a record of 23 wins, 3 draws, and only one defeat.[107] The following year AEK participated in the2014–15 Football League, finishing first and undefeated in the regular season standings. AEK successfully finished first in the playoffs and gained promotion back to the top tier, theGreek Super League.[108] The club's biggest signing after returning to the Greek Super League was that of Argentinian starDiego Buonanotte, who only stayed at the club for a year.[109][110]
On 20 October 2015, Traianos Dellas was forced to resign as a result of a dispute with the board, and a heavy 4–0 away loss toOlympiacos.[111][112]Stelios Manolas was named interim coach and laterGus Poyet was appointed as new head coach.[113][114][115][116] On 19 April, Poyet was fired by AEK Athens after being accused by the board of revealing private club conversations.[117][118] Stelios Manolas took charge as interim coach once again. Manolas managed to guide AEK to a 3rd-place finish in the league qualifying for the playoff round and also to their first piece of silverware since the 2010–11 season by lifting theGreek Cup, defeating Olympiacos in the final 2–1.[119] With the postponement of the final on two separate occasions and the congested fixture list of the playoff round, AEK had to play a fixture every three days, which evidently took its toll on the players, but they finished third in the playoffs and qualified for the2016–17 UEFA Europa League Third Qualifying Round. The first season back in the top flight was considered a success with a trophy and qualification for European football the following season, a return after a five-year hiatus.
The new season started with high expectations by AEK Athens fans as the club signedDmytro Chyhrynskyi,Hugo Almeida andJoleon Lescott, announcing three of the biggest transfers in their history.[120][121][122] Unfortunately, the 34-year-old English defender suffered a knee detached cartilage while cycling in his apartment. The injury ruled Lescott out for the remainder of the season. The player refused to get help from the team's doctors and insisted on completing his rehabilitation in the United Kingdom. The board did not agree to the player's wishes and additional demands, which resulted in his contract being terminated.[123] This outcome led what it until then seemed to be a powerful defending duo to a midsummer night's nightmare. In addition, a 0–1 aggregate loss toAS Saint-Étienne in the Europa League qualifiers brought disappointment to fans' dreams of European participation.[124] Nevertheless, AEK defeatedXanthi 4–1 in the first match of the season, raising hopes for domestic success.[125] However, the decision was made to replaceTemur Ketsbaia withJosé Morais;[126] the decision was based on the team's stuttering start to the season, 3 wins, 2 draws and 2 losses, and poor displays. José's arrival, however, did not improve the team's results or performances, winning only three of his fourteen matches as manager. On 19 January 2017, former managerManolo Jiménez was appointed as manager for the second time following José's resignation.[127] Upon his appointment he got the team from 7th place up to a 4th-place finish, and first place in the European Playoffs, claiming second place in the league overall and qualifying for theUEFA Champions League Third qualifying round. Jiménez also guided the team to a second consecutiveGreek Cup final where they facedPAOK in a controversial game marred by pre-match violence between the two sets of fans and a winning goal from an offside position.[128]
UEFA Europa League unbeaten run and Greek champions
The third season back in the top flight began with a tough draw in the Champions League Third qualifying round versusCSKA Moscow, ending in a 3–0 aggregate loss. The defeat meant AEK were demoted to theEuropa League play-off round where they were pitted against BelgiansClub Brugge. A 0–0 draw in Brugge in the first leg and a 3–0 win in the return in Athens meant that AEK qualified for the group stages of a major European competition for the first time in 6 years.[129] They were seeded in pot 4 and drawn along withAC Milan,HNK Rijeka andAustria Wien. AEK would go on to qualify for the round of 32 undefeated, a statement that solidified their return as one of Europe's elite teams, with a record of 1 win and 5 draws, the most notable being the two back-to-back 0–0 draws versus AC Milan.[130] In the Round of 32 AEK were drawn against Ukrainian giantsDynamo Kyiv. AEK were better than their opponents, but also were unlucky and lost after two draws and on away goal rule. The first match took place inAthens, with a 1–1 draw and the second game inKyiv, finished 0–0.[131][132] In April, AEK won their 12th Greek championship, by recording a 2–0 home win againstLevadiakos in front of 60,000 fans. This was their first championship after 24 years.[133][134] AEK were crowned champions in front of 14,500 of their fans in the last matchday againstApollon Smyrnis atGeorgios Kamaras Stadium.[135][136]
UEFA Champions League return and consecutive Greek Cup finals
The 2018–19 season was the season that AEK returned to the groups of the UEFA Champions League, for the 5th time in the club's history after eliminatingCeltic (3–2 on aggregate) andMOL Vidi (3–2 on aggregate) in the qualifying stages.[137][138][139]
Key playersJakob Johansson,Lazaros Christodoulopoulos,Sergio Araujo andOgnjen Vranješ, as well as managerManolo Jiménez, who were essential to the triumphant 2017–18 season, left the club, and most transfers failed to improve the team. Greek internationalMarios Oikonomou and Argentine strikerEzequiel Ponce were the only newcomers who managed to make an impact on an overall disappointing season (3rd place, 23 points behind 1st PAOK and 18 points behind 2nd Olympiacos – third consecutive cup final loss from PAOK, 1–0).[141]
2017–18 champions, Ognjen Vranješ and Sergio Araujo returned to Athens, and some other notable additions included Portuguese internationalNélson Oliveira and Serbian midfielderNenad Krstičić. The 2019–20 season started catastrophically, with an early Europa League elimination by the Turkish sideTrabzonspor (1–3 in Athens, 0–2 in Trabzon, 3–3 on aggregate) and disappointing domestic results. New managerMiguel Cardoso was sacked quickly and replaced with the club's veteran player and manager,Nikos Kostenoglou who was also later replaced by Italian managerMassimo Carrera.[142]
Under Carrera, AEK regained the confidence lost from the previous season and a half of bad results. Before the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, AEK was 3rd in the regular season and in the semi-finals of the Greek Cup (2–1 home victory againstAris in the first leg). Later they would reach the final for the fifth time in a row. However, they lost 1–0 toOlympiacos.
After the draw for theEuropa League third qualifying round, AEK Athens gotVfL Wolfsburg at the Play-off round and won 2–1 at the Athens Olympic Stadium, securing qualification to the Group stage.[143]However, AEK's campaign results in the Europa League as well as the first half of the domestic Super League were lackluster, the European campaign being one of their worst ever, only recording 1 win in the group stages. In December, Massimo Carrera was relieved of his duties and replaced by Manolo Jiménez, previous Super League and Greek Cup winner with AEK – his fourth term at the club.[144][145]
Hoping to rebuild, AEK acquired the services ofVladan Milojević. However, his tenure ended early, with AEK Athens being disqualified on penalties by Bosnia and Herzegovina club,Velež Mostar in 2021–22Europa Conference League second qualifying round.[146][147] Barely making it to Christmas, Milojevic's head was turned by an offer from the Middle East,[according to whom?] and AEK dismissed him. They hired the Greek coachArgiris Giannikis, who managed PAS Giannina successfully prior to his appointment. However, his time at AEK was short and once again, he was dismissed, with AEK B coachSokratis Ofrydopoulos managing AEK through a turbulent play-off period and an exclusion from Europe.Matías Almeyda became AEK's new coach.
Ahead of the 2022–23 season and AEK's entry intoAgia Sophia Stadium, AEK underwent another rebuild under the leadership of Matias Almeyda. Signed as coach towards the end of the 2021–22 season but only taking over in the 2022–23 pre-season, Almeyda played a significant part in AEK's 2022–23 success. Instilling a high-pressing, tireless, and attractive style of attacking football, he established AEK as the best team in Greece along with Panathinaikos, themselves under the leadership of Ivan Jovanovic.[citation needed] Despite initial losses, Almeyda gave AEK great derby victories and team cohesion. Overcoming Panathinaikos' early-season unbeaten run, being 8 points behind the league leaders, AEK were level on points with Panathinaikos in the playoff round. Notably, AEK defeated PAOK 2–0 at home, 1–0 away, Panathinaikos 1–0, Olympiacos 3–0 in the Greek Cup (reaching the final with PAOK), and 3–1 away. They also underwent a 14-game win-streak at their new stadium, the Agia Sofia or OPAP Arena stadium.[citation needed]
The newly built stadium is located in the place where the oldNikos Goumas Stadium was situated, atNea Filadelfeia. The Agia Sophia Stadium, also known as OPAP Arena for sponsoring reasons, is acategory 4 UEFA stadium and can host 32,500 spectators. The net construction cost is estimated around€ 81,700,000.[148] The administrative region of Attica funded the stadium with the amount of€ 20,000,000.[149] The stadium's opening ceremony took place on 30 September 2022.[150][151][152] AEK Athens beatIonikos 4–1 in the inaugural match on 3 October 2022, which was the sixth fixture of the 2022–23Greek Super League.[153]
In the summer transfer window of the 2022–23 season, AEK Athens announced the signing of two famous football players who played as opponents in the2018 FIFA World Cup final in Russia. The first player was the Croatian center-backDomagoj Vida who previously played forSüper Lig sideBeşiktaş, and the second player was the French right-backDjibril Sidibé, most recently ofLigue 1 clubMonaco.[154][155] The latter was the most valuable player to have ever arrived at the club with a market value of€ 8,000,000, surpassing the previous record holderJuanfran by€ 2,000,000.[156] Sidibé is also the fifth World Cup winner to play in the Greek Super League, after FrenchmanChristian Karembeu and Brazilian playersRivaldo,Gilberto Silva andDenilson.[157]
AEK Athens were crowned champions on 14 May 2023, after beatingVolos 4–0 to seal the title, 5 points ahead of second placePanathinaikos. AEK Athens thus won their 13th championship and the first in Nea Filadelfeia since 1994. On 25 May 2023, AEK Athens defeatedPAOK 2–0 in the2022–23 Greek Cup final to win the title and seal the double for the first time since 1978. The following season, AEK Athens went head-to-head throughout the whole season against PAOK, and ended up losing a potential second consecutive title, on the final game of the season, staying two points behind the first place. They lost in the Round of 16 of the Greek Cup againstAris on penalties, and were eliminated in the group stage of theUEFA Europa League, againstAFC Ajax,Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. andOlympique de Marseille.
Following an ultimately disappointing season for AEK and a missed chance to win a second consecutive league title, major shareholder and ownerDimitris Melissanidis announced his departure from the club's ownership on June 10, 2024, selling his shares toSeajets owner,Marios Iliopoulos for a seeming €90 million. At his final interview, Melissanidis stated that he "had completed his part and brought AEK back to the top, with a new stadium, a competitive team in Greek and European football, and zero debt".[citation needed]
At an Iliopoulos presentation,[when?] he stated he wanted a competitive team that will dominate Greek football and become a significant European power, while also focusing on the one thing AEK was lacking in, their academies. On a question regarding an increase on the transfer budget and a change on the current transfer policy, he urged AEK fans to "put on their seatbelts slowly and enjoy it".[citation needed] Not long after, Iliopoulos soldEzequiel Ponce for a club record €9,000,000, while signing players such asRoberto Pereyra,Erik Lamela andThomas Strakosha with club record contract fees.[citation needed]
The season, however, started with an early elimination of AEK from the Conference Cup byFC Noah.[158]
AEK's main emblem underwent numerous minor changes between 1924 and 1982. The design of the eagle on the shirt badge was often not identical to the design of the eagle depicted on official club correspondence, merchandise, and promotional material. All designs were considered "official" (in the broadest sense of the word), however, it was not until 1982 that an identifiable, copyrighted design was established as the club's official, and shirt badge. The emblem design was changed in 1989, again in 1993, and again in 2013 to the current design.[162]
AEK's club anthem,Embrós tis AEK Palikária (Advance AEK's Lads), was composed byStelios Kazantzidis.[163] The lyrics were written by Christos Kolokotronis. The most popular version of the anthem is sung by ex-football playerMimis Papaioannou.[164]
AEK have almost always worn predominantly gold or yellow shirts and black shorts.[167] An exception was the unusual but popularKappa kits of the 1990s, which featured a large two-headed eagle motif across the kit.[168]
AEK's traditional away colours are all-black or all-white; on a few occasions, the club has worn a third kit of light blue, silver, dark red, orTyrian purple (porphyra, a type of reddish purple), inspired by the use of the colour on the Byzantine war flag and by Byzantine imperial dynasties.[169]
Since 1 June 2021, AEK's kit has been manufactured by Nike. Previous manufacturers have beenAdidas (1974–75, 1977–83 and 2005–07), Zita Hellas (1983–89),Diadora (1989–93), Basic (1993–95),Kappa (1995–2000),Puma (1975–77 and 2007–15) andCapelli (2018–21).
Starting in 2015, the club's main shirt sponsors areOPAP, which also sponsored them in 2010–14. Previous shirt sponsors have beenCitizen (1982–83),Nissan (1983–85), Ethniki Asfalistiki (1985–93 and 1995–96), Phoenix Asfaleies (1993–95),Geniki Bank (1996–98),Firestone (1999),Marfin Investment Group (1999–2001),Alpha Digital (2001–02),Piraeus Bank (2002–04),TIM (2004–06),LG (2006–08),Diners Club (2009–10), andJeep (2014–15).
Loukas Barlos, a successfulbauxite Mine Owner, was also owner and president since 1974, and was in charge when Greek football turned professional in 1979. In 1981, due to health problems, he passed his shares toAndreas Zafiropoulos.[173] In 1982 the business shipping magnate Michalis Arkadis became president, aiming to reinforce financial support, with Zafiropoulos holding the majority stake. In 1988, Zafiropoulos placedStratos Gidopoulos in the presidency, and AEK managed to win their first championship in ten years.[174]
On 17 June 1992, the club passed to new owners. The business shipping magnate and oil tycoonDimitris Melissanidis, together with Giannis Karras, took the majority stake and continued the successful and champion seasons.[175]
After an unsuccessful season, in 1995, they passed their shares to Michalis Trochanas, and with his turn a percentage toENIC Group investment company. In 1999, NETMED, a Dutch media company, took over the management of the club. A crisis period followed with mismanagement and many changes in the presidency. In 2004, ex-AEK playerDemis Nikolaidis made a plan to progress with the reorganization and financial consolidation, and together with other investors (such asNicholas X. Notias, Gikas Goumas, Takis Kanellopoulos, a shareholder ofTitan Cement, and others) took the majority stake.[176]
The plan initially seemed to work, but the downfall continued. The team was relegated after the 2012–13 season for the first time in its history. In an effort to discharge the immense debt created by years of mismanagement, its directors chose for the team to compete in the third tier. On the same day Dimitris Melissanidis, the old president of the club, became the administrative leader of AEK, under the supervision of the amateurAEK Later, together with other notable AEK fans and old players, they created the non-profit association "Union Friends of AEK" (Enosi Filon AEK) which took the majority stake of the football club.[104]
In March 2015, AEK FC became the first Greek company that is listed in the Elite programme of theLondon Stock Exchange, a pan-European programme for ambitious high-growth businesses that was launched in 2012 atBorsa Italiana and following its success was rolled out in the UK in 2014, and the first Greek football club quoted on a stock exchange.Raffaele Jerusalmi, executive director of the board of directors of LSEG, stated: "We are delighted to welcome AEK to the Elite programme".[177][178] On 27 April 2015, AEK FC was selected for the honor of opening a session of the London Stock Exchange.[179][180]
Nikos Goumas Stadium was amulti-purpose stadium inNea Filadelfeia ("NewPhiladelphia"), a northwestern suburb of Athens, Greece. It was used mostly forfootball matches and was the home stadium of AEK Athens. It was named after one-time club president, Nicholas Goumas, who contributed to its building and later upgrading. It served as AEK's home ground since 1930.[181] The Nikos Goumas Stadium had severe damages from 1999's earthquake and in 2003 was demolished with the prospect to build a new stadium for AEK FC. Unfortunately, prolonged obstruction, legal issues, and tight deadlines caused multiple delays to the project.
Construction of an all-new purpose-built stadium initially began on 28 July 2017 in the site of the old Nikos Goumas stadium. It suffered from major delays due to the local authorities taking too long on confirming certain proposals concerning the stadium's road system. Construction was completed in 2022. The stadium has capacity of approximately 32,500 fans and features a unique underground road system that the teams use to enter the stadium.
Agia Sophia Stadium features The Museum of Refugee Hellenism of AEK Athens. It is open daily from Tuesday to Sunday (10:00-18.00).
The stadium's opening ceremony took place on 30 September 2022.[151][152] AEK Athens wonIonikos 4–1 in their new stadium opening game on 3 October 2022, a game conducted for the sixth fixture of the 2022–23Greek Super League.[153]
Since December 2010, AEK has been using state-of-the-art facilities in an area of 144 acres in the Mazareko area inSpata.[184] Previously owned byNicholas X. Notias, it is the most expensive (with a total cost around €25m)[185] and one of the biggest training centers in Greece. These facilities include two lawns with natural turf and one with plastic for the needs of the Academies (which was created in 2013 with a viewing platform for spectators) and all the necessary and well-equipped areas for the preparation of a team with modern instruments. A standard football studio, one of the most complete in Greece. The main building of the centre hosts the offices of the club, a press room, and the players' rooms. The training ground is used by the first team and youth teams. TheSpata Training Centre includes state-of-the-art facilities, a fitness and health centre with weight-training and fitness rooms, a cryotherapy centre, and more. There are also plans for an AEK Museum, hotel, aquatic centre, and two more soccer fields. From 2013 on, AEK training centre services have been upgraded dramatically. The players of the teamwork daily in an environment with all the necessary infrastructure, while in the last few months, they have at their disposal in the basement of the building a treatment centre with the most modern means. Even the young athletes of the Academies work in facilities that very few Academies have in Greece. But the outlook is even more impressive. Since 2014, the official name of the ground is "OPAP Sports Centre".[186] On 4 July 2018, the Sports Centre came to auction which was bought by Dimitrios Melissanidis for a price of €3.5m and then donated it to AEK. Alongside the Sports Centre, Melissanidis also bought 70 hectares for an extra €5.5m[187] which were added to the wider area of the existing training center and there will be additional stadiums along with the necessary additional facilities for the preparation of the team and for the hospitality of the players.[188]
AEK Athens has a large fans' base across all over Greece and is one of the two most popular Greek clubs in relation to their fans' base. According toSky Sports, AEK have around 30% of all Greek football fans.[189] AEK's fan base in Greece is believed to be over 2 million with various types of research.[190] AEK Athens traditional fanbase comes from the area ofAthens, where the club is based.
AEK has a strong support of fans inGreek diaspora especially inCyprus where the club has a large following with a recent fan poll having AEK as the most popular Greek-supported team in Cyprus, having about 35% of Cypriot football fans supporting the club. One of the main reasons AEK's popularity in Cyprus is large making them ahead of Olympiacos (the most popular Greek team in Greece), is due to the fact AEK is a refugees' club which manyGreek Cypriots are after theTurkish invasion of Cyprus and due to this many Greek Cypriots can relate to the similar history of AEKs being a refugees' club. AEK has also a strong following in Australia, the US, the UK, Germany and France. The most hardcore supporters of AEK areOriginal 21, which is the largest group fan organisation of the club and is known for its loyal and passionate support.
A so-called "triangle of brotherhood" has developed between the largest fan club of AEK (Original 21), the largest fan club ofMarseille (Ultras) and the largest fan club ofLivorno.[191][192] The connection is mostly an ideological one.[193][194] Also, AEK's andSt. Pauli's left-wing fans, have a strong friendship and their connection is mostly for ideological reasons.[195] There is an informal friendship and fraternization between the fans of AEK andFenerbahçe. In the 2017 Euroleague final,Fenerbahçe S.K. supporters displayed a banner that read "Same City's Sons"[196][197] There is also a friendship and cooperation between AEK fans club of Piraeus andChelsea fans club of Athens (including Chelsea supporters club of South Africa).
AEK FC's biggest rivalries are withPanathinaikos andOlympiacos.Against their city neighbours Panathinaikos, they contest the Athens local football derby.[198] The rivalry started not only because of both competing for the major titles, but also because of the refugee ancestry of a big part of AEK fans and, by contrast, that Panathinaikos was considered in general the representative of the Athenian high-class society[citation needed].The rivalry withPiraeus based club Olympiacos stems from the rivalry between two of the most successful Greek football clubs. The rivalry was particularly inflamed after 1996, when AEK's former star player and then-managerDušan Bajević moved to Olympiacos,[199][200] and most recently after the controversial2007–08 Super League which was awarded to Olympiacos.[201]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
AEK has a remarkable tradition in strikers and goal-scoring players. 14 different teams' players, 24 times overall, have finished the season as the top scorer in the Super League.
^"Έσκασε το μπαμ με Μαρσιάλ: «Ευκαιρία για εμένα η ΑΕΚ»".sport-fm.gr (in Greek). 19 September 2024.Το super deal με τον Αντονί Μαρσιάλ επισημοποίησε η ΑΕΚ! Οι «κιτρινόμαυροι» ανακοίνωσαν την απόκτηση του Γάλλου σούπερ σταρ, ο οποίος υπέγραψε συμβόλαιο διάρκειας 3 ετών.
^Mastrogiannopoulos, Alexander (31 January 2008)."Greece 1990/91".rsssf.org. Online: Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved6 December 2023.Mediterranean Cup 1991 NB: post-season tournament (June 1991) between top-level clubs (so a sort of league cup), except that Olympiakos, Panathinaikos and PAOK did not enter. Semifinals: AEK 4-2 Apollon, OFI bt [?], Final: AEK 1-0 OFI [Takis Karagiozopoulos].
^"Η Πρωταθλήτρια Ελλάδος ΑΕΚ ενίκησε τον ηρωικόν κάτοχο του Κυπέλλου Ολυμπιακό 3-2" (in Greek). newspaper "Athletic Voice". 9 September 1963.
^"newspaper "Athletic Echo"" (in Greek). 30 June 1971.
^Πάτροκλος Πανανίδης (2 August 1999)."Τρεις εκτελεστές".tanea.gr (in Greek). Online. Retrieved12 November 2020.
^"Rangers reel from shock defeat".gulfnews.com. Online. 1 August 2010. Retrieved21 October 2023.Burns helped give AEK its third win in as many matches and the round-robin title in the four-team tournament that included Sydney FC and Blackburn Rovers.
^"BURNS HITS THE WINNER FOR AEK".ftbl.com.au. Online. 31 July 2010. Retrieved21 October 2023.It was a disappointing result for the Light Blues who had already beaten Blackburn and drawn with Sydney and left the Greek side as Festival winners.
^On May 30, 1968, Fenerbahçe defeated AEK Athens with a score of 3-1 in a decisive third match, securing the trophy. The playoff match was held in Istanbul, at the home stadium of Fenerbahçe.
Συλλογικό έργο (1979).Η αθλητική δράση των Ρωμιών της Πόλης 1896–1976(in Greek). Κωνσταντινούπολη, Τουρκία: Ειδική Έκδοση.
Αλεξανδρής, Γ.Χ. (1996).Η Ιστορία της ΑΕΚ(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα: Ιδιωτική Έκδοση Γ.Χ. Αλεξανδρής.
Καραπάνος, Παναγιώτης (1999).Το αλφαβητάρι της ΑΕΚ: Όλα όσα πρέπει να ξέρεις και δεν σου έχουν πει για την ΑΕΚ(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα: Εκδόσεις Δίαυλος.ISBN978-960-531-066-0.
Νόταρης, Ι. Σωτήρης (2002).ΑΕΚ, κλασικός αθλητισμός: Ο καρπός της αθλητικής παράδοσης της Πόλης στη σύγχρονη Αθήνα από το 1924 έως τις μέρες μας(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα: Εκδόσεις Καλαβρία.
Συλλογικό έργο (2007).Ο Κιτρινόμαυρος Δικέφαλος(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα: Εκδόσεις Παπαδόπουλος.ISBN978-960-412-558-6.
Κατσαρός, Κωνσταντίνος (2008).Κώστας Νεστορίδης: Ο μάγος της μπάλας(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα: Εκδόσεις Άγκυρα.ISBN978-960-422-625-2.
Συλλογικό έργο (2009).ΑΕΚ: Για πάντα πρωταθλητές(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα: Εκδόσεις Σκάι.ISBN978-960-482-018-4.
Παναγιωτακόπουλος, Παναγιώτης (2021).1963–2021 Η ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΤΗΣ Α.Ε.Κ. ΜΕΣΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΑ ΕΙΣΙΤΗΡΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΑΓΩΝΩΝ: το ταξίδι συνεχίζεται...!!!(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα:ISBN978-618-00-2832-4.
Παναγιωτακόπουλος, Παναγιώτης (2022).1979–2003 ΤΟ ΤΑΞΙΔΙ ΣΥΝΕΧΙΖΕΤΑΙ...Νο2: Οι επίσημοι αγώνες της Α.Ε.Κ. στο Ναό μέσα από τα εισιτήρια των αγώνων(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα:ISBN978-618-00-3993-1.
Παναγιωτακόπουλος, Παναγιώτης (2023).100 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ Α.Ε.Κ. – 100 ΣΤΙΓΜΕΣ ΔΟΞΑΣ μέσα από τα εισιτήρια των αγώνων: Το Ταξίδι Συνεχίζεται...!!! Νο3(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα:ISBN978-618-00-4636-6.
Γασπαρινάτος, Γεράσιμος (2023).Μια ομάδα στον κόσμο αγαπώ!(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα: One Team Εκδοτική.ISBN978-618-86768-0-0.
Συλλογικό έργο (2024).100 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ Α.Ε.Κ: Η ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΤΗΣ Α.Ε.Κ. ΜΕΣΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΕΞΕΛΙΞΗ ΤΟΥ ΓΗΠΕΔΟΥ ΤΗΣ(in Greek). Αθήνα, Ελλάδα: Εκδόσεις Κάπα.ISBN978-960-62-8372-7.
Συλλογικό έργο (2024).ΟΨΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΕΚ(in Greek). Γλύφα Βαρθολομιού Ηλείας, Ελλάδα: Εκδόσεις Μπαλτά.ISBN978-618-5658-06-9.
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