Clockwise from top-left:Royal Air Force C-130 airdropping food during theEthiopian famine ; reductions of up to 70 percent in theozone column observed in the austral (southern hemispheric) spring overAntarctica ;Nevado del Ruiz erupts , killing 23,000 people; anearthquake inMexico City killed 45,000 people; Air India Flight 182 seen less than two weeks beforethe bombing ; theNintendo Entertainment System is released in U.S. stores revitalizing the North American video game industry; a memorial plaque dedicated to the victims of theHeysel Stadium disaster ; theLive Aid concert is held in order to fund relief efforts for the famine in Ethiopia during the timeMengistu Haile Mariam ruled the country. Calendar year
1985 by topic Subject By country Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1985 .
1985 (MCMLXXXV ) was acommon year starting on Tuesday of theGregorian calendar , the 1985th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 85th year of the20th century , and the 6th year of the1980s decade.
Calendar year
The year1985 was designated as theInternational Youth Year by theUnited Nations .
March – TheGNU Manifesto Richard Stallman , is first published.[ 17] March 1 – After a12-year-long dictatorship ,Julio María Sanguinetti is sworn in as the first democratically electedPresident of Uruguay .[ 18] March 3 – The 8.0Mw Algarrobo earthquake hitsSantiago andValparaíso ,Chile , leaving 177 dead, 2,575 injured, 142,489 houses destroyed, and approximately a million people homeless.[ 19] March 8 – ABeirut car bomb , planted in an attempt to assassinate Islamic clericSayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah , kills more than 80 people and injures 200 more.[ 20] March 11 March 15 – Vice-presidentJosé Sarney , upon becoming vice president, assumes the duties of president ofBrazil , as the new presidentTancredo Neves had become severely ill the day before. Sarney would later become Brazil's first civilian president in 21 years, upon Neves' death onApril 21 .[ 23] March 16 – Lebanon hostage crisis: US journalistTerry Anderson is taken hostage inBeirut ; he remains a prisoner until December 4, 1991.[ 24] March 17 –Expo '85 , an international exhibition, opens inTsukuba, Ibaraki ,Japan , running until September 16.[ 25] March 18 – Australia's longest-running soap opera,Neighbours Seven Network .[ 26] March 21 – Canadianparaplegic athlete and activistRick Hansen sets out on his 26-month, 40,000-kilometre (25,000 mi) Man in Motion tour, which raises US$26 million forspinal cord research andquality-of-life initiatives.[ 27] March 25 March 31 – The inauguralWrestleMania is held inMadison Square Garden , New York, and is "main-evented" byHulk Hogan andMr. T vs.Paul Orndorff andRoddy Piper in a tag-team match.May 4 – The30th Eurovision Song Contest takes place inGothenburg ,Sweden and is won by theBobbysocks! songLa det swinge Norway .[ 31] May 5 – U.S. PresidentRonald Reagan joins West German ChancellorHelmut Kohl for acontroversial funeral service at a cemetery inBitburg , West Germany, which includes the graves of 59 eliteS.S. troops from World War II.[ 32] May 9 – The 3rd totalVictory Day Parade (the first being in 1945 and the next in 1965) isheld on Red Square inMoscow in the Soviet Union. It features T-34-85 tanks, veterans of World War II from Poland, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, and is the first parade to be held during the reign of Mikhail Gorbachev.May 11 May 15 –Argentine President Raúl Alfonsín terminates Argentine administration of theFalkland Islands but does not relinquish Argentina'sclaim to the islands .May 16 – Scientists of theBritish Antarctic Survey announce the discovery of theozone hole .[ 34] [ 35] [ 36] May 25 – Approximately 10,000 people are killed whenBangladesh is affected by thestorm surge fromTropical Storm One (1B) .May 26 – Young driverDanny Sullivan beats veteranMario Andretti to win the 1985Indianapolis 500 .[ 37] May 29 –Heysel Stadium disaster : Thirty-nine spectators are killed in rioting on the terraces during theEuropean Cup final betweenLiverpool F.C. andJuventus (0–1) atHeysel Stadium inBrussels ,Belgium .May 31 –Forty-four tornadoes hitOhio ,Pennsylvania ,New York andOntario , including a rare and powerful F5. In total, the event kills 90 people.June 6 – The remains ofJosef Mengele , the physician notorious forNazi human experimentation on inmates ofAuschwitz concentration camp , buried in1979 under the name of Wolfgang Gerhard, are exhumed inEmbu das Artes ,Brazil .[ 38] June 14 June 15 –Studio Ghibli , an animation studio, is founded inTokyo .[ 41] June 20 –1985 Nepal bombings : A series of bomb blasts occurs inKathmandu and other cities ofNepal .[ 42] June 22 – British and Irish police foil a "mainland bombing campaign" sponsored by theProvisional Irish Republican Army which targets luxury vacation resorts.June 23 –Air India Flight 182 , aBoeing 747 , is blown up by a terrorist bomb 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, on a Montreal–London–Delhi flight, killing all 329 aboard.[ 43] June 24 –STS-51-G :Space Shuttle Discovery Sultan bin Salman Al Saud , the firstArab and firstMuslim in space, as apayload specialist .June 26 – The iconicU.S. Route 66 is officially decommissioned.[ 44] Live Aid at JFK Stadium in PhiladelphiaNovember 6 November 9 – In an all-Soviet match, 22-year-oldGarry Kasparov defeatsAnatoly Karpov to become the youngest-ever undisputed winner of theWorld Chess Championship .November 12 – Atotal solar eclipse occurs over Antarctica at 14:11:22 UTC.November 13 –Armero tragedy : TheNevado del Ruiz volcano erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed bylahars , in the town ofArmero ,Colombia .November 19 –Cold War : InGeneva , U.S. PresidentRonald Reagan andSoviet Union leaderMikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.November 20 – Microsoft Corporation releases the first U.S. release ofWindows 1.0 , as version 1.01.[ 55] [ 56] November 23 –EgyptAir Flight 648 is hijacked by theAbu Nidal group and flown toMalta , whereEgyptian commandos storm the plane; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions.November 25 –1985 Aeroflot Antonov An-12 shoot-down : A SovietAeroflot Antonov An-12 cargo airplane, en route fromCuito Cuanavale toLuanda , is shot down bySouth African Special Forces and crashes approximately 43 km (27 mi) east ofMenongue , the provincial center of theCuando Cubango Province ,Angola , killing 8 crew members and 13 passengers on board.November 29 –Gérard Hoarau , exiled political leader from theSeychelles , is assassinated inLondon .World population 1985 1980 1990 4,830,979,000 4,434,682,000 396,297,000 5,263,593,000 432,614,000 541,814,000 469,618,000 72,196,000 622,443,000 80,629,000 2,887,552,000 2,632,335,000 255,217,000 3,167,807,000 280,255,000 706,009,000 692,431,000 13,578,000 721,582,000 15,573,000 401,469,000 361,401,000 40,068,000 441,525,000 40,056,000 269,456,000 256,068,000 13,388,000 283,549,000 14,093,000 24,678,000 22,828,000 1,850,000 26,687,000 2,009,000
^ Test: Total English Skills Training' 2008 Ed ISBN 978-971-23-5127-3 ^ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee for Fisheries (1985).Problems of Trade in Fishery Products ISBN 978-92-64-12775-3 ^ John Higley; Richard Gunther; Higley John (1992).Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe ISBN 978-0-521-42422-6 ^ Central Asia Monitor ^ Bob Smith; Salim Amin (December 20, 2013).The Man Who Moved the World ISBN 978-9966-052-03-2 ^ J. Paxton (December 27, 2016).The Statesman's Year-Book 1985-86 ISBN 978-0-230-27114-2 ^ "Hawke Withdraws Support For MX Missile Tests" .AP NEWS . RetrievedFebruary 23, 2021 .^ United States. Drug Enforcement Administration (2003).Drug Enforcement Administration: A Tradition of Excellence, 1973-2003 ^ Kifner, John (February 15, 1985)."U.S. TV Reporter Free In Lebanon" .The New York Times . RetrievedOctober 15, 2009 . ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (August 7, 1986)."WILLIAM SCHROEDER DIES 620 DAYS AFTER RECEIVING ARTIFICIAL HEART" .The New York Times . RetrievedSeptember 20, 2008 . ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (August 10, 1986)."A HERO OF MEDICINE; Schroeder, Longest User of Jarvik Device, Helped Prove Hearts Can Be Replaced" .The New York Times . RetrievedSeptember 20, 2008 . ^ Kleist, Trina (August 16, 1986)."Schroeder's struggle lasts 620 days - artificial heart recipient William J. Schroeder" .Science News . Science Service, Inc. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2008 . ^ "Accident description" .Aviation Safety Network . Flight Safety Foundation. RetrievedNovember 10, 2013 .^ "Aircraft accident report : China Airlines Boeing 747-SP, N4522V, 300 nautical miles northwest of San Francisco, California, February 19, 1985" (PDF) .National Transportation Safety Board . March 29, 1986. NTSB/AAR-86/03.Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. RetrievedApril 30, 2019 .^ "Northern Ireland Bloody Day" .TIME the original on May 24, 2011. RetrievedApril 21, 2007 .^ "The RUC: Lauded and condemned" .BBC . RetrievedApril 21, 2007 .^ Debra Cameron; Bill Rosenblatt; Eric Raymond; Eric S. Raymond (1996).Learning GNU Emacs ISBN 978-1-56592-152-8 ^ Brian C. Hanon (1986).Marketing in Uruguay ^ "Sismos importantes o destructivos desde 1570" (in Spanish).Santiago de Chile :University of Chile Seismologic Service. Archived fromthe original on December 31, 2006. RetrievedSeptember 12, 2010 .^ "60 killed by Beirut car bomb" .The Guardian . London. March 9, 1985. RetrievedApril 20, 2010 .^ "1985: Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader" .BBC On This Day . March 11, 1985. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2021 .^ Geoffrey Gibbs (March 12, 2015)."From the archive, 12 March 1985: Mohamed Al Fayed buys Harrods" .The Guardian . RetrievedJanuary 21, 2021 . ^ Thomas Griffin Sanders (1985).Brazil's New Republic: Tancredo to Sarney ^ United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims (2000).Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 3485, April 13, 2000 ISBN 978-0-16-064552-5 ^ Pacific Basin Study Mission: Report to the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session ^ Idato, Michael (July 14, 2005)."An Institution Turns 20" .The Age Archived from the original on July 14, 2010. RetrievedDecember 22, 2009 . ^ Thomas Cussans (May 5, 2009).Incredible Journeys: The Stories Behind 60 Remarkable Adventures Over Land, Sea and Air ISBN 978-1-84340-534-4 ^ "The 57th Academy Awards, 1985" .Oscars.org . October 5, 2014. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2021 .^ Terry M. Mays (June 18, 2015).Historical Dictionary of International Organizations in Africa and the Middle East ISBN 978-1-4422-5018-5 ^ Frederic Eckhard (December 1985).Issues Before the 40th General Assembly of the United Nations 1985-1986 ISBN 978-0-934654-61-6 ^ "Gothenburg 1985" .Eurovision Song Contest . RetrievedMarch 1, 2021 .^ "Ronald Reagan: Remarks at a Joint German-American Military Ceremony at Bitburg Air Base in the Federal Republic of Germany" . RetrievedMarch 2, 2021 .^ "Fans killed in Bradford stadium fire" .BBC News . May 11, 1985.Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. RetrievedDecember 2, 2008 .^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9 ^ Farman, J.C. ;Gardiner, B.G. ;Shanklin, J.D. (1985). "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx /NOx interaction".Nature 315 (6016):207– 10.Bibcode :1985Natur.315..207F .doi :10.1038/315207a0 .S2CID 4346468 .^ Zehr, Stephen C. (1994). "Accounting for the Ozone Hole: Scientific Representations of an Anomaly and Prior Incorrect Claims in Public Settings".The Sociological Quarterly 35 (4):603– 19.doi :10.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb00419.x .JSTOR 4121521 . ^ He appears on the cover ofSports Illustrated ^ In the Matter of Josef Mengele: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States ^ Robert Gearty (September 21, 2019),"Greek police arrest suspect in 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking" ,Fox News , retrievedSeptember 21, 2019 ^ Council of the European Union (2001).The Schengen Acquis: Integrated Into the European Union ISBN 978-92-824-1776-8 ^ Napier, Susan J. (2018).Miyazakiworld: A Life in Art Yale University Press . p. 91.ISBN 978-0-300-22685-0 ^ Bowman, John Stewart.Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture ^ Roach, Kent (2011). "The Air India Report and the Regulation of Charities and Terrorism Financing".The University of Toronto Law Journal .61 (1): 46.doi :10.3138/utlj.61.1.045 .JSTOR 23018688 . ^ Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering (June 26, 1985)."Route Numbering Committee Agenda" (Report). Washington, DC:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials . RetrievedApril 16, 2014 – viaWikisource . ^ "Remarks of the Vice President Announcing the Winner of the Teacher in Space Project" . The American Presidency Project. July 19, 1985. RetrievedMarch 16, 2009 .^ Ranter, Harro."ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Ueno" .aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network. RetrievedOctober 23, 2023 . ^ "Service held to mark 1985 Manchester air disaster" .BBC News . August 22, 2010. RetrievedNovember 18, 2015 .^ "Andropov's Pal Samantha Smith Dies in Plane Crash" .Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. RetrievedMay 14, 2017 .^ Alfred, Randy (February 9, 2008)."Sept. 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found theTitanic " .Wired . RetrievedNovember 3, 2011 . ^ "Redirect" .ato.gov.au . Archived fromthe original on January 14, 2012.^ Furuse, Takayuki (September 22, 2015)."30 years after Plaza Accord, nations' currency goals evolve" .The Japan Times . RetrievedMay 21, 2021 . ^ Fineberg, Jonathan David (2004).Christo and Jeanne-Claude: On the Way to The Gates, Central Park, New York City . Yale University Press.ISBN 978-0-300-10405-9 ^ Vaheri-Hyvärinen-Saari:Hanna-Marjut – Hylyt.net (in Finnish) ^ M/S Hanna Marjut – Wrecksite.eu^ Edwards, Benj (August 24, 2021)."35 Years of Microsoft Windows: Remembering Windows 1.0" .How-To Geek .Archived from the original on February 5, 2022. RetrievedApril 15, 2022 . ^ "Tech Rewind: Interesting facts about Microsoft Windows 1.0" .Mid-day . November 19, 2015. RetrievedOctober 24, 2023 .^ "Terror bomb ruled out in Canada's worst crash" .Montreal Gazette . news services. December 13, 1985. p. A1.^ Gaines, Larry; Miller, LeRoy (2006).Criminal Justice In Action: The Core .Thomson/Wadsworth .ISBN 978-0-495-00305-2 ^ Popescu, Adam (October 4, 2010)." .Evenimentul Zilei
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