This article is about the year 1956. For the 2000 album by Soul-Junk, see
1956 (album) .
Clockwise, from top left:Elvis Presley becomes the leading figure of the newly popular music genre of rock and roll; Illustration of the1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision ; A reel of 2-inchquadruplex videotape compared with a laterminiDV videocassette.; Smoke rises from oil tanks on Port Said following the invasion of Egypt by Israel, United Kingdom and France as part of theSuez Crisis ;Ron Clarke carrying the Olympic Torch during1956 Summer Olympics opening ceremony; Seawall being repaired afterTyphoon Wanda ; people protesting in the1956 Poznań protests ;Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Calendar year
1956 by topic Subject By country Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1956 .
1956 (MCMLVI ) was aleap year starting on Sunday of theGregorian calendar , the 1956th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 56th year of the20th century , and the 7th year of the1950s decade.
Calendar year
March 1 – TheInternational Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of theradiotelephony spelling alphabet , for theInternational Civil Aviation Organization .March 2 –Morocco declares its independence from France.[ 3] March 9 March 10 – TheFairey Delta 2 breaks the World Air Speed Record, raising it to 1,132 mph (1,822 km/h) or Mach 1.73, an increase of some 300 mph (480 km/h) over the previous record, and thus becoming the first aircraft to exceed 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) in level flight.March 11 – After having opened in London the previous year,Laurence Olivier 's film,Richard III Shakespeare 's play, has its U.S. premiere in theatres and onNBC -TV on the same day. On television it is not shown in prime time, but as an afternoonmatinée , in a slightly cut version, one of the first such experiments. Olivier is later nominated for anOscar for his performance.March 12 – 96U.S. Congressmen sign theSouthern Manifesto , a protest against the 1954Supreme Court ruling (Brown v. Board of Education desegregated public education.March 13 –Elvis Presley releases his firstgold album titledElvis Presley March 15 – TheBroadway musicalMy Fair Lady March 19 – At age 48, Dutchboxer Bep van Klaveren contests his last match inRotterdam .March 20 –Tunisia gains independence from France.March 21 – The28th Academy Awards Ceremony is held in Los Angeles.Marty Best Picture .March 23 –Pakistan becomes the firstIslamic republic , and anational holiday is observed in the country, including the state ofEast Pakistan .A reel of 2-inchquadruplex videotape compared with a laterminiDV videocassette. June 1 –Vyacheslav Molotov resigns as foreign minister of theSoviet Union ; he later becomesambassador toMongolia .June 4 –Montgomery bus boycott : The related civil suit[ 7] June 5 – The text ofNikita Khrushchev 's February attack onStalin 's reputation, "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences ", is first published in theWest , inThe New York Times June 6 – InSingapore , chief ministerDavid Marshall resigns, after the breakdown of talks about internal self-government in London.June 8 –General Electric /Telechron introduces model 7H241 "The Snooz Alarm", the first snoozealarm clock ever.[ 8] June 10 –1956 Summer Olympics :Equestrian events open inStockholm ,Sweden (all other events are held in November inMelbourne , Australia).June 13 June 14 – TheFlag of the United States Army is formally dedicated.[ 9] June 15 –Eindhoven University of Technology is founded inEindhoven , The Netherlands.June 18 – The last British troops leaveEgypt .June 21 – PlaywrightArthur Miller appears before theHouse Un-American Activities Committee inWashington, D.C. June 23 –Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes the 2nd president ofEgypt , a post he holds until his death in1970 .June 28 Poznań 1956 protests : Labour riots inPoznań , Poland, are crushed with heavy loss of life.Soviet troops fire at a crowd protesting high prices, killing 53 people.The film version ofRodgers and Hammerstein 'sThe King and I Deborah Kerr andYul Brynner , is released only a few months after the film version of R&H'sCarousel . It becomes the most financially successful film version of a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical up to this time, and the only one to win an acting Oscar (Yul Brynner wins Best Actor for his performance as the King of Siam). It is also one of two Rodgers and Hammerstein films to be nominated for Best Picture (which it does not win). June 29 June 30 –1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision : ATWA Lockheed Constellation andUnited Airlines Douglas DC-7 collide in mid-air over theGrand Canyon inArizona , killing all 128 people aboard both aircraft, in the deadliest civilaviation disaster to date; the accident leads to sweeping changes in the regulation of cross-country flight andair traffic control over the United States.July 2 – A laboratory experiment involving scrapthorium at Sylvania Electric Products inBayside, New York , results in anexplosion .July 4 – An AmericanLockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft makes its first flight over theSoviet Union .July 8 – The mountainGasherbrum II , on the border ofPakistan and China, is first ascended, by an Austrian expedition.July 9 – The 7.7 Mw Amorgos earthquake shakes theCyclades island group in theAegean Sea , with a maximumMercalli intensity of IX (Violent ). The shaking and the subsequent tsunami leave 53 people dead.July 10 – The BritishHouse of Lords defeats the abolition of the death penalty.July 13 –John McCarthy (Dartmouth),Marvin Minsky (MIT),Claude Shannon (Bell Labs) andNathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic ofartificial intelligence , atDartmouth College ,Hanover, New Hampshire , in the United States.July 25 – The Italian ocean linerSS Andrea Doria sinks after colliding with the Swedish shipSSStockholm in heavy fog 72 kilometers (45 mi) south ofNantucket island, killing 51.July 26 –Egyptian presidentGamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes theSuez Canal , sparking international condemnation.July 30 – Ajoint resolution ofCongress is signed by PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower , authorizing "In God we trust " as the U.S. nationalmotto .July 31 August 7 – Seven ammunition trucks loaded with 1,053 boxes of dynamiteexplode in Cali, Colombia . Death estimates range from 1,300 to 10,000, in a city that at this time has 120,000 inhabitants.[ 11] August 8 – 262 miners (chiefly Italian nationals) die in a fire at theBois du Cazier coal mine, inMarcinelle , Belgium.August 9 – Art exhibitionThis Is Tomorrow Whitechapel Art Gallery in London.August 12 – Around 5,000 members of theRomanian Greek-Catholic Church hold amass outsideCluj-Napoca Piarists' Church to demonstrate that their church, proscribed by the government in 1948, has not ceased to exist as the regime claims.August 17 – West Germany bans theCommunist Party of Germany .The firstinterfaith dialogue between Christians, Jews and Muslims with over 850 participants takes place at themonastery of Toumliline inAzrou ,Morocco .[ 12] October 5 –Cecil B. DeMille 'sepic film The Ten Commandments Charlton Heston asMoses , is released in the United States. It will be in the top ten of the worldwidelist of highest-grossing films of all time, adjusted for inflation.[ 13] October 8 –Baseball pitcher Don Larsen of theNew York Yankees throws the onlyperfect game inWorld Series history, in Game 5 of the1956 World Series against theBrooklyn Dodgers .Yogi Berra catches the game.Dale Mitchell is the final out. TheNew York Yankees win the series in seven games. Larsen is named seriesMVP .October 10 October 14 –Dalit Buddhist movement (India):B. R. Ambedkar ,Dalit leader, converts toBuddhism , along with 385,000 followers.October 15 – The BritishRoyal Air Force retires its lastAvro Lancaster bomber .October 17 October 19 – TheSoviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956 is signed in Moscow, ending the legal state of war between the Soviet Union and Japan (with effect from December 12) and making possible the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two nations.[ 15] October 23 – TheHungarian Revolution breaks out against the pro-Soviet government, originating as a student demonstration inBudapest . Hungary attempts to leave theWarsaw Pact .October 24 – TheProtocol of Sèvres , a secret agreement betweenIsrael , France and the United Kingdom, is signed, allowing the former to invade theSinai Peninsula ofEgypt and occupy theSuez Canal with the support of the other two governments, giving rise to theSuez Crisis .[ 16] October 26 – SovietRed Army troops invade Hungary.October 29 October 31 November 1 TheStates Reorganisation Act of India reforms the boundaries and names of Indian states. Three new states,Kerala ,Karnataka andAndhra Pradesh , are formed. The filmOklahoma! Todd-AO , now receives a U.S. national release inCinemaScope , since not all theatres are yet equipped for Todd-AO. To accomplish this, the film has actually been shot twice, rather than printing one version in two different film processes, as is later done. November 3 November 4 –Hungarian Revolution of 1956 : MoreSoviet troops invade Hungary, to crush the revolt that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.November 6 –1956 United States presidential election :Republican incumbentDwight D. Eisenhower defeatsDemocratic challengerAdlai Stevenson , in a rematch of their contest4 years earlier .November 7 –Suez Crisis : TheUnited Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France andIsrael to withdraw their troops from Arab lands immediately.November 11 –Hungarian Revolution of 1956 : Last insurgents succumb to the invading Soviet army.[ 17] November 12 –Morocco , Sudan and Tunisia join the United Nations.November 13 –Browder v. Gayle United States Supreme Court declares illegal the state and municipal laws requiring segregated buses inMontgomery, Alabama , thus ending theMontgomery bus boycott .November 14 – An eight-mile long stretch of highway is opened west ofTopeka, Kansas , creating the first portion of theInterstate Highway System in the United States and the first highway to be completed with funds from theFederal Aid Highway Act of 1956 .[ 18] November 15 –Middle East Technical University is founded inAnkara , Turkey.November 18 – At a reception for Western ambassadors at the Polish embassy in Moscow,Nikita Khrushchev utters his famous phrase "We will bury you ".[ 19] November 20 – InYugoslavia , former prime ministerMilovan Đilas is arrested after he criticizesJosip Broz Tito .November 22 – The1956 Summer Olympics begin inMelbourne , Australia.November 23 – TheSuez Crisis causespetrol rationing in Britain.[ 20] November 25 –Fidel Castro andChe Guevara depart fromTuxpan, Veracruz , Mexico, en route toSantiago de Cuba aboard the yachtGranma November 28 –Roger Vadim 's filmAnd God Created Woman Et Dieu… créa la femme ), is released in France, makingBrigitte Bardot an international sex symbol.[ 21] November 30 – African-AmericanFloyd Patterson wins the world heavyweight boxing championship that is vacant after the retirement ofRocky Marciano .December 3 – The1956 Bush Terminal explosion occurs in Brooklyn, United States.December 4 – TheMillion Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley ,Jerry Lee Lewis ,Carl Perkins , andJohnny Cash ) get together atSun Studio , for the first and last time in history.December 9 –Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810 , aCanadair North Star , crashes intoSlesse Mountain nearChilliwack ,British Columbia . All 62 people aboard, including fiveCanadian Football League players, are killed.December 12 – Japan becomes a member of theUnited Nations .December 19 – British doctorJohn Bodkin Adams is arrested for the murder of 2 patients inEastbourne , England; he will be acquitted.December 23 – British and French troops leave theSuez Canal region.
Christine Lagarde Mel Gibson David Caruso Bill Maher Geena Davis Mimi Rogers January 1 January 3 –Mel Gibson , American actor and directorJanuary 4 –Bernard Sumner , British musicianJanuary 5 January 7 January 8 –Anatolii Brezvin , Ukrainian businessman, politician, and ice hockey executive[ 22] [ 23] January 9 January 12 –Nikolai Noskov , Soviet and Russian rock singer and songwriterJanuary 15 –Vitaly Kaloyev , Russian convicted murderer, architect deputy minister of construction of North Ossetia-AlaniaJanuary 16 –Martin Jol , Dutch football managerJanuary 17 –Paul Young , English musicianJanuary 18 January 19 January 20 –Bill Maher , American actor, comedian and political analystJanuary 21 January 24 –Lounès Matoub , Algerian Berber Kabyle singer (d.1998 )January 25 –Bronwyn Pike , Australian politicianJanuary 26 –Pat Musick , American voice actressJanuary 27 January 28 –Peter Schilling , German singerJanuary 29 –Jan Jakub Kolski , Polish film directorJanuary 30 –Keiichi Tsuchiya , Japanese racing driverJanuary 31 Enele Sopoaga Jay Nixon Judith Butler February 1 –Mike Kitchen , Canadian ice hockey player and coachFebruary 2 –Alireza Soleimani , Iranian heavyweight freestyle wrestler (d.2014 )February 3 February 10 –Enele Sopoaga , 12th prime minister of TuvaluFebruary 11 –Didier Lockwood , French jazz violinist (d.2018 )February 13 February 14 –Tom Burlinson , Australian actorFebruary 15 –Desmond Haynes , West Indian cricketerFebruary 18 –Thomas Gradin , Swedish hockey playerFebruary 19 February 20 –François Bréda , Romanian essayist, poet, literary critic, literary historian, translator and theatrologist (d.2018 )February 23 –Reinhold Beckmann , German television presenterFebruary 24 –Judith Butler , American philosopherFebruary 25 February 26 –Keisuke Kuwata , Japanese musicianFebruary 28 –Thomas Remengesau Jr. , 7th and 9thpresident of Palau February 29 –Aileen Wuornos , American serial killer (d.2002 )Tim Daly Bryan Cranston Rob Paulsen Ingemar Stenmark Catherine Ashton José Manuel Barroso March 1 March 2 –Eduardo Rodríguez ,President of Bolivia March 5 March 7 March 9 March 11 –Rob Paulsen , American voice actor and singerMarch 13 –Dana Delany , American actressMarch 16 March 18 –Ingemar Stenmark , Swedish alpine skierMarch 19 –Yegor Gaidar , Russian economist and politician (d.2009 )[ 28] March 20 March 22 March 24 –Steve Ballmer , American businessman, CEO of Microsoft (2000–2014), owner of theLos Angeles Clippers March 25 –Matthew Garber , English child actor (d.1977 )March 28 March 30 –Paul Reiser , American actorMiguel Bosé Andy García Melody Thomas Scott Lars von Trier April 3 April 4 April 5 April 6 April 7 –Christopher Darden , African-American attorney, author, actor and lecturer[ 32] April 9 –Edmund Chong Ket Wah , Malaysian politician (d.2010 )April 12 April 14 –Barbara Bonney , American sopranoApril 16 April 18 April 19 –Sue Barker , British tennis player and television presenterApril 22 –Jukka-Pekka Saraste , Finnish conductorApril 26 –Koo Stark , British actressApril 28 –Hanka Paldum , Bosnian singerApril 30 –Lars von Trier , Danish film director and screenwriterJan Peter Balkenende Sugar Ray Leonard Giuseppe Tornatore La Toya Jackson David Sassoli May 1 –Alexander Ivanov , Russian-born American chess grandmasterMay 4 May 5 –Lisa Eilbacher , American actressMay 6 –Vladimir Lisin , Russianbusiness oligarch May 7 May 9 May 10 May 12 –Jānis Bojārs , Latvian shot putter (d.2018 )May 13 May 15 –Dan Patrick , American sports commentatorMay 17 May 19 –Steven Ford , American actorMay 20 May 23 May 26 –Lisa Niemi , American actress and dancerMay 27 –Giuseppe Tornatore , Italian film directorMay 28 May 29 –La Toya Jackson , American singer, songwriter, actress, businesswoman and television personalityMay 30 –David Sassoli , 16thpresident of the European Parliament (d.2022 )May 31 –Yoshiko Sakakibara , Japanese voice actressKeith David Kenny G Björn Borg Joe Montana Randy Jackson Anthony Bourdain Catherine Samba-Panza Chris Isaak June 1 June 3 –George Burley , Scottish football managerJune 4 –Keith David , African-American actor and voice actorJune 5 –Kenny G , American saxophonistJune 6 June 7 June 8 –Péter Besenyei , Hungarian pilotJune 9 –Patricia Cornwell , American novelistJune 10 –Borwin, Duke of Mecklenburg , German head of theHouse of Mecklenburg June 11 June 13 –Yurik Vardanyan , Soviet weightlifter (d.2018 )June 14 –King Diamond , Danish heavy metal musicianJune 15 –Robin Curtis , American actressJune 17 –Kelly Curtis , American actorJune 20 –Cho Chikun , Korean Go playerJune 21 –Thomas James O'Leary , American actorJune 22 June 23 –Randy Jackson , African-American musician and talent judgeJune 24 –Turid Leirvoll , Norwegian-Danish politicianJune 25 June 26 June 27 June 28 –Noel Mugavin ,Australian rules football playerJune 29 –Honorato Hernández , Spanish long-distance runnerJune 30 Mullah Krekar Min Aung Hlaing Tom Hanks Sela Ward Michael Spinks Dorothy Hamill July 1 July 2 –Jerry Hall , American model and actressJuly 3 –Dorota Pomykała , Polish actressJuly 5 July 7 July 9 –Tom Hanks , American actor and directorJuly 10 –K. Rajagopal , Malaysian football manager and national playerJuly 11 July 12 –Mel Harris , American actressJuly 13 July 14 July 15 July 16 July 17 –Robert Romanus , American actor and musicianJuly 18 –Sheila Aldridge , American singerJuly 19 July 24 July 25 July 26 –Dorothy Hamill , American figure skater, Olympic gold medalistJuly 30 –Delta Burke , American actressJuly 31 Christiana Figueres Bruce Greenwood Kim Cattrall Andreas Floer David Copperfield Almazbek Atambayev Gary Cole Linda Hamilton September 1 –Bernie Wagenblast , American editor and broadcasterSeptember 2 September 3 –Pat McGeown , Provisional Irish Republican Army member (d.1996 )September 11 –Phillip D. Bissett , American politicianSeptember 12 September 13 –Ilie Balaci , Romanian football player (d.2018 )September 14 September 15 –George Howard , American jazz saxophone musician (d.1998 )September 16 September 17 –Almazbek Atambayev , 3-TimePrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan and 4thpresident of Kyrgyzstan September 18 –Tim McInnerny , English actorSeptember 20 September 21 –Jack Givens , American basketball playerSeptember 23 September 25 –Jamie Hyneman , American television co-hostSeptember 26 –Linda Hamilton , American actressSeptember 29 –Sebastian Coe , Baron Coe, British athlete; co-ordinator of theLondon 2012 Olympic Games [ 38] Theresa May Christoph Waltz Mae Jemison Carrie Fisher Mahmoud Ahmadinejad October 1 October 2 –Charlie Adler , American voice actor and directorOctober 3 –Ralph Morgenstern , German actorOctober 4 –Christoph Waltz , German-Austrian actorOctober 8 October 10 –Amanda Burton , Irish actressOctober 11 –Nicanor Duarte , 47thpresident of Paraguay October 12 –Trần Đại Quang ,President of Vietnam (d.2018 )October 16 –Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah , Bangladeshi poet (d.1991 )October 17 –Mae Jemison , African-American astronautOctober 18 Craig Bartlett , American animator, writer, storyboard artist, director and voice actorMartina Navratilova , Czech-American multiple Grand Slam title winning tennis playerOctober 19 –Carlo Urbani , Italian physician (d.2003 )October 20 –Danny Boyle , English film directorOctober 21 –Carrie Fisher , American actress and novelist (d.2016 )[ 39] October 22 –Marvin Bush , American businessmanOctober 23 –Dwight Yoakam , American country singer, musician and actorOctober 26 –Rita Wilson , American actress and producerOctober 28 –Mahmoud Ahmadinejad , 6thpresident of Iran Richard Curtis Sinbad November 7 –Mikhail Alperin , Soviet-Norwegian jazz pianist (d.2018 )November 8 November 10 –Sinbad , African-American stand-up, comedian and actorNovember 11 –Talat Aziz , ghazal singerNovember 14 November 17 –Angelika Machinek , German glider pilot (d.2006 )[ 41] November 18 –Noel Brotherston , Irish footballer (d.1995 )November 20 Bo Derek , American actress and modelOlli Dittrich , German actor, comedian, television personality and musicianNovember 22 –Richard Kind , American actorNovember 23 November 24 –Jouni Kaipainen , Finnish composerNovember 26 –Dale Jarrett , American race car driverNovember 27 Markos Kounalakis Iveta Radičová Larry Bird Rod Blagojevich December 1 –Sultan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , Emirati politician and royal (d.2019 )December 4 –Bernard King , American basketball player and commentatorDecember 5 December 6 December 7 December 9 –Baruch Goldstein , American-Israeli physician and mass murderer (d.1994 )December 10 –Rod Blagojevich , American politician and convicted felon,Governor of Illinois (2003–2009)December 12 December 13 –Majida El Roumi , Lebanese singerDecember 14 –Béla Réthy , German sports journalistDecember 18 –Ron White , American comedianDecember 19 –Masami Akita , Japanesenoise musician (also known asMerzbow )December 20 –Anita Ward , American disco singer.December 21 –Anna Erlandsson , Swedish filmmaker and animatorDecember 23 December 24 –Anil Kapoor , Indian actorDecember 26 –David Sedaris , American essayistDecember 28 December 30 December 31 –Hussein Ahmed Salah , Djiboutian marathon runner
Joseph Wirth Konstantin Päts Elpidio Quirino Irène Joliot-Curie Wilhelm Miklas Alben W. Barkley Louis Calhern Michio Miyagi Artur Văitoianu June 2 –Jean Hersholt , Danish-born American actor (b.1886 )June 4 –Katherine MacDonald , American actress (b.1891 )June 6 June 7 –Julien Benda , French philosopher and novelist (b.1867 )[ 45] June 11 June 17 –Artur Văitoianu , Romanian general and politician, 27thprime minister of Romania (b.1864 )June 19 –Thomas J. Watson , American computer pioneer (b.1874 )[ 46] June 22 –Walter de la Mare , English poet, short story writer, and novelist (b.1873 )June 23 –Reinhold Glière , Russian composer (b.1875 )June 25 –Ernest King , American Navy Fleet Admiral and Commander in Chief (b.1878 )June 26 –Clifford Brown , American jazz trumpeter (b.1930 )Bertolt Brecht Anastasio Somoza García Risto Ryti October 2 –George Bancroft , American actor (b.1882 )October 6 –Charles E. Merrill , American banker, co-founder ofMerrill Lynch (b.1885 )[ 50] October 9 –Marie Doro , American actress (b.1882 )October 12 –Lorenzo Perosi , Italian composer (b.1872 )October 14 –Jules Richard , French mathematician (b.1862 )October 16 –Jules Rimet , French football administrator, 3rdpresident of FIFA (b.1873 )October 17 –Anne Crawford , British actress (b.1920 )October 19 –Isham Jones , American musician (b.1894 )October 22 –Hannah Mitchell , English socialist and suffragette (b.1872 )October 25 –Risto Ryti , 23rdprime minister of Finland and 5thpresident of Finland (b.1889 )October 26 –Walter Gieseking , French-born German pianist (b.1895 )October 30 –Pío Baroja , Spanish novelist (b.1872 )Pietro Badoglio Juan Negrín November 1 November 2 –Leo Baeck , German rabbi, scholar and theologian (b.1873 )November 3 –Jean Metzinger , French painter, theorist and critic (b.1883 )November 5 –Art Tatum , American jazz pianist (b.1909 )November 6 November 10 –Victor Young , American composer (b.1900 )November 12 –Juan Negrín , 67th prime minister of Spain (b.1892 )November 19 –Francis L. Sullivan , English actor (b.1903 )November 22 –Theodore Kosloff , Russian-born ballet dancer, choreographer and actor (b.1882 )November 23 –André Marty ,French Communist Party leader (b.1886 )[ 52] November 24 –Guido Cantelli , Italian conductor (b.1920 )November 26 –Tommy Dorsey , American trombonist and bandleader (b.1905 )Juho Kusti Paasikivi December 2 –Dell Henderson , Canadian actor (b.1877 )December 3 –Alexander Rodchenko , Russian artist (b.1891 )December 6 –B. R. Ambedkar , Indian jurist and politician (b.1891 )December 9 –Charles Joughin , English-born baker on RMSTitanic (b.1878 )December 10 –David Shimoni , Israeli poet and writer (b.1891 )December 12 –Ewald André Dupont , German film director (b.1891 )December 14 –Juho Kusti Paasikivi , twicePrime Minister of Finland and 7thpresident of Finland (b.1870 )December 16 –Nina Hamnett , Welsh artist (b.1890 )December 17 –Eddie Acuff , American actor (b.1903 )December 21 –Lewis Terman , American psychologist (b.1877 )December 23 –Josep Puig i Cadafalch , Spanish architect (b.1867 )December 26 –Holmes Herbert , English actor (b.1882 )^ The Bulletin, volumes 4-5 . Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung. 1956. p. 8.^ "How Did Marilyn Monroe Get Her Name? This Photo Reveals the Story" .Time . RetrievedJuly 3, 2022 .^ "Morocco profile – Timeline" .BBC News . April 24, 2018. RetrievedJuly 3, 2022 .^ Bessis, Sophie ;Belhassen, Souhayr (2012).Bourguiba (in French). Tunis:Elyzad .ISBN 978-9973-58-044-3 ^ Royal Television Society Journal, Volume 18, Issues 7–12 . 1981. pp. 14– 15.^ "The Big Week in Monaco: Movies' Pretty Princess Assumes a Real Life Title" .Life . Vol. 40, no. 18. April 30, 1956. p. 37.ISSN 0024-3019 .^ "Browder v. Gayle, 142 F. Supp. 707 (M.D. Ala. 1956)" .Justia US law . RetrievedJune 23, 2020 .^ "7H241 The Snooz-Alarm" .www.telechron.net .^ "US Army Flag" .World Flags 101 .Archived from the original on April 8, 2009. RetrievedApril 6, 2009 .^ "Stadiums" .Russian Football News . July 13, 2013. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2018 .^ "La Explosión de Cali: Agosto 7 de 1956" .Revista Credencial (in Spanish). September 16, 2016. RetrievedMarch 21, 2019 .^ Ramesa, Rafael."How the inter-faith 'spirit of Toumliline' lives on 50 years after Moroccan monastery closed" .Capacity4dev . European Union. RetrievedDecember 18, 2023 . ^ "Domestic Grosses, Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation" .Box Office Mojo . RetrievedJanuary 11, 2013 .^ "1956: Queen switches on nuclear power" .On This Day .BBC . October 17, 1956. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2019 .^ "Preface" .Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan . RetrievedApril 2, 2023 .^ Black, Ian (July 11, 2005)."Secrets and lies at the heart of Britain's Middle Eastern folly" .The Guardian . London. RetrievedMay 27, 2012 . ^ Lendvai, Paul (2008).One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy . Princeton University Press. ^ Stevens, William K. (November 14, 1976). "Superhighway System, in 20 Years, Has Tied a Vast Nation Together".The New York Times . p. 1. ^ " .Time the original on January 24, 2007. RetrievedNovember 18, 2022 .^ "1956: Motorists panic as petrol rations loom" .On This Day . BBC. November 29, 1956. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2019 .^ "Cinema: BB" .Time . November 11, 1957. RetrievedDecember 3, 2024 .^ "Брезвін Анатолій Іванович" .Лівий берег [uk ] [Left Bank]Київський інститут проблем управління імені Горшеніна [uk ] [Gorshenin Institute]. December 14, 2016. RetrievedAugust 24, 2024 .^ "Брезвін Анатолій Івановича" .Logos Ukraine Publishing House (in Ukrainian). Kyiv, Ukraine. RetrievedSeptember 8, 2024 .^ "Imelda Staunton" .BFI . Archived fromthe original on March 11, 2016. RetrievedJune 10, 2022 .^ "Susan Solomon" .Pontifical Academy of Sciences . RetrievedNovember 11, 2024 .^ "Dalia Grybauskaite" .Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers . February 25, 2020. RetrievedJuly 29, 2021 .^ Innes, Lyn (February 15, 2019)."Andrea Levy obituary" .The Guardian . RetrievedFebruary 15, 2019 .^ Mainville, Michael (December 16, 2009)."Yegor Gaidar obituary" .the Guardian . RetrievedJuly 29, 2021 . ^ Siegman, Joseph (August 1, 2020).Jewish Sports Legends: The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame ISBN 978-1-4962-0188-1 ^ The Luxembourg Grand Ducal Family (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Ministry of State, Press and Information Service, 1986), p. 26^ "Muere El Risitas, Juan Joya Borja, víctima de una larga enfermedad" .La Vanguardia (in Spanish). April 28, 2021. RetrievedMarch 6, 2024 .^ "Christopher Darden 1957–" .encyclopedia.com . Archived fromthe original on April 3, 2019. RetrievedDecember 13, 2023 .^ Чхартишвили, Григорий Collection of materials byLenta.ru (in Russian). RetrievedNovember 26, 2009 .^ Hayward, Tim (June 9, 2018)."Anthony Bourdain obituary" .The Guardian . RetrievedJune 4, 2021 . ^ Ghosh, Amitav Archived 5 August 2011 at theWayback Machine ,Encyclopædia Britannica ^ "Dianne Fromholtz (balestrat)" . Women's Tennis Association.^ Miller, John Jackson (June 10, 2005)."Comics Industry Birthdays" .Comics Buyer's Guide the original on February 18, 2011. ^ "Lord Sebastian Coe" . International Olympic Committee. Archived fromthe original on May 31, 2021. RetrievedFebruary 29, 2020 .^ Ryan Gilbey (December 27, 2016)."Carrie Fisher obituary" .The Guardian . RetrievedFebruary 25, 2024 . ^ "Peter de Vries, award-winning Dutch investigative journalist renowned for his probes into the criminal underworld – obituary" .The Telegraph . July 15, 2021. RetrievedNovember 11, 2024 .^ Probst, Ernst (2010).Angelika Machinek – Eine Segelfliegerin der Weltklasse [Angelika Machinek – A World Class Glider Pilot ] (in German). Munich: Grin-Verl. p. 11.ISBN 978-3-640-73630-0 ^ "Frigyes Riesz | Hungarian mathematician | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . RetrievedOctober 28, 2022 .^ "Life story: George Murray Levick | Lives of the First World War" .^ https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-4966529 ^ Murray, Christopher John (2013).Encyclopedia of Modern French Thought ISBN 978-1-135-45564-4 ^ "Thomas J. Watson" .IBM ^ Zia, Helen ; Gall, Susan B., eds. (1995).Notable Asian Americans Gale Research . p. 22.ISBN 0810396238 OCLC 31170596 .^ Flora Sydney Eldershaw (1897–1956) ^ "Boeing, William Edward (1881–1956)" .www.historylink.org . RetrievedOctober 28, 2022 .^ "Charles E. Merrill | American businessman | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . October 15, 2023.^ Times, Special to The New York Times The New York (November 7, 1956)."A.F. NUFER DEAD; U.S. DIPLOMAT, 62; Ambassador to Philippines Had Served in Argentina During Peron Regime Headed European Branch" .The New York Times .ISSN 0362-4331 . RetrievedFebruary 1, 2025 . ^ "André Marty" .Spartacus Educational .^ "These Nobel Prize Winners Weren't Always Noble" .National Geographic News . October 6, 2015. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2020. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2021 .London Institute of World Affairs,The Year Book of World Affairs 1957 (London 1957)full text online , comprehensive reference book covering 1956 in diplomacy, international affairs and politics for major nations and regions
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