 | |
| ABB | |
| Company type | Public |
| |
| ISIN | CH0012221716  |
| Industry | Electrical equipment |
| Predecessors | |
| Founded | 1988; 38 years ago (1988) |
| Headquarters | Zurich, Switzerland |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | |
| Revenue |  US$32.85 billion (2024) |
| US$5.07 billion (2024) | |
| US$3.93 billion (2024) | |
| Total assets |  US$40.36 billion (2024) |
| Total equity | US$15.06 billion (2024) |
| Owners |
|
Number of employees | c. 109,900 (2024) |
| Website | global |
| Footnotes / references | |
ABB Ltd.[5] is an international technology company,[6][7][8] headquartered inZurich, Switzerland, that operates in the fields of electrification and automation. The company was formed in 1988 from the merger of two electrical engineering companies,ASEA of Sweden andBrown, Boveri & Cie (BBC) of Switzerland. ABB isdual-listed on theSIX Swiss Exchange in Zurich and theNasdaq Nordic exchange in Stockholm, Sweden, in addition toOTC Markets Group's pink sheets in the United States. For 30 years, it has been a part of theFortune Global 500.[9]
Employees of ABB and its predecessor companies developed several technologies for generating, transmitting, and distributing electricity, as well as for enabling industrial automation. One is the miniature circuit breaker, invented by Hugo Stotz, which protects against fires and is found in almost every home.[10][11] Predecessor ASEA was the first company to introduce a microprocessor into an industrial robot and it helped to develop the electric propulsion system "Azipod", which improved manoeuvrability by locating the propulsion system outside the hull.[12][13]
The company's activities have been the subject of controversy on multiple occasions. US-based Combustion Engineering, acquired by ABB in 1990, exposed the company toasbestos-related litigation, which led to ABB’s first-ever loss in 2001. A final claims settlement was reached in 2006. ABB has also been subject to three USForeign Corrupt Practices Act bribery settlements in 2004, 2010, and 2022. Additionally, in 2001, an ABB entity pleaded guilty tobid rigging.[8]
During the 2010s, ABB largely focused its growth strategy on the robotics and industrial automation sectors. Before the sale of its Power Grids division toHitachi in 2020, ABB was Switzerland's largest industrial employer.[14]
Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA, English translation: General Swedish Electrical Company Limited) was founded in 1883 inVästerås, Sweden by Ludvig Fredholm[15] as manufacturer of electrical light and generators.[16]
Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC) was formed in 1891 inBaden nearZurich, Switzerland byCharles Eugene Lancelot Brown andWalter Boveri[17] as a Swiss group of electrical engineering companies producingAC andDC motors, generators, steam turbines and transformers.
On 10 August 1987, ASEA and BBC announced they would merge to form ASEA Brown Boveri (ABB).[18] The new corporation would remain headquartered in both Zurich, Switzerland and Västerås, Sweden, with each parent company holding 50 percent. The merger created a global industrial group with revenue of approximately $15 billion and 160,000 employees.[18]
When ABB began operations on 5 January 1988, its core businesses included power generation, transmission and distribution; electric transportation; and industrial automation and robotics.
In its first year, ABB undertook some 15 acquisitions, including the environmental control group Fläkt AB of Sweden, the contracting group Sadelmi/Cogepi of Italy, and the railway manufacturer Scandia-Randers A/S of Denmark.[19] In 1989, ABB purchased an additional 40 companies, including Westinghouse Electric's transmission and distribution assets, and announced an agreement to purchase the Stamford, Connecticut-basedCombustion Engineering (C-E).[20]
In 1990, ABB bought the robotics business of Cincinnati Milacron in the US. The acquisition expanded ABB's presence in automated spot-welding and positioned the company to better serve the American automotive industry. ABB's 1991 introduction of the IRB 6000 robot, demonstrated its increased capacity in this field. The first modular robot, the IRB 6000, can be reconfigured to perform a variety of specific tasks. At the time of its launch, the IRB 6000 was the fastest and most accurate spot-welding robot on the market.[citation needed]
In 1990, ABB also expanded into Australia when it acquiredCommonwealth Engineering's (Comeng)plant in Dandenong, Melbourne.[21][22] ABB continued to manufacture Comeng'sB-class Melbourne tram at the plant. However, it did not continue manufacturing Comeng's Adelaide3000 class railcar, which was manufactured byClyde Engineering instead.[23]
In the early 1990s, ABB started expanding inCentral andEastern Europe. By the end of 1991, the company employed 10,000 people in the region. The following year, that number doubled. A similar pattern played out in Asia, where thereform and opening up in China and the lifting of someeconomic sanctions, helped open the region to a new wave of outside investment and industrial growth.
In March 1992, ABB bought out the other shareholders of the formerly state ownedBREL.[24] making BREL a wholly owned subsidiary. It was subsumed into ABB Transportation in September 1992.[25][26][27] Amid the widerprivatisation of British Rail during the 1990s, BREL was sold via amanagement buyout, with management and employees owning 20% and ABB andTrafalgar House 40% each.[28][29][30] At the time of the management buyout, BREL's locations comprised Crewe, York, and two separate works in Derby; Derby Locomotive Works was closed by 1991.[31][27]
By 1994, ABB had 30,000 employees across Asia as well as 100 plants, engineering, service and marketing centers; numbers that would continue to grow. Through the 1990s, ABB continued its strategy of targeted expansion in Eastern Europe, theAsia–Pacific region and the Americas.[citation needed] In 1995, ABB agreed to merge its rail engineering unit with that ofDaimler-Benz of Germany; the goal of this arrangement was to create the world's largest maker of locomotives and railway cars. The new company, ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation (Adtranz), had an initial global market share of nearly 12 percent.[32][33] The merge took effect on 1 January 1996.[34]
A few months following the start of the1997 Asian financial crisis, ABB announced plans to accelerate its expansion in Asia as well as to improve the productivity and profitability of its Western operations. The company took an $850 million restructuring charge and shed 10,000 jobs as it scaled back some of its facilities in higher-cost countries and shifted resources towards emerging markets.[35][36]
In June 1998, ABB announced that it would acquire Sweden-based Alfa Laval's automation unit, which at the time was one of Europe's top suppliers of process control systems and automation equipment.[37]
In 1999, as a final step in the integration of the companies formerly known as ASEA and BBC, the directors unanimously approved a plan to create a unified, single class of shares in the group.[citation needed]
That same year, ABB completed its purchase of Elsag Bailey Process Automation, a Netherlands-based maker of industrial control systems, for $2.1 billion.[38] The acquisition increased ABB's presence in the high-tech industrial robotics and factory control system sectors, reducing its reliance on traditional heavy engineering sectors such as power generation and transmission.
In 1999, the company sold its stake in the Adtranz train-building business toDaimlerChrysler. Instead of building complete locomotives, ABB's transportation activities shifted increasingly toward traction motors and electric components.[39] That same year, ABB and France-basedAlstom announced the merger of their power generation businesses in a 50-50 joint company, ABB Alstom Power.[40] Separately, in December 1999, ABB agreed to sell its nuclear power business toBritish Nuclear Fuels of the United Kingdom.[41]
In 2000, ABB divested its interests in ABB Alstom Power and sold its boiler and fossil-fuel operations (including Gas turbines) to Alstom.[42]
In early 2002, ABB announced its first-ever annual loss, a $691 million net loss for 2001.[43] The loss was caused by ABB's decision to double its provisions for settlement costs from $470 million to $940 million inasbestos-related litigation against its American subsidiary Combustion Engineering. The provisions were to cover claims linked to asbestos products sold by Combustion Engineering prior to its acquisition by ABB.[44][45] At the same time, ABB's board announced it would seek the partial return of retirement pay from Goran Lindahl and Percy Barnevik, two former chief executive officers of the group. Barnevik received some $89 million in pension benefits when he left ABB in 2001; Lindahl, who succeeded Barnevik as CEO, had received $50 million in pension benefits, which ABB's board called "excessive".[46][47]
In 2004, ABB sold its upstream oil and gas business, ABB Vetco Gray, to a consortium of private equity investors for an initial sum of $925 million. ABB continued to play an active role in the oil and gas industry via its core automation and power technology businesses.[48][49]
In 2005, ABB delisted its shares from theLondon Stock Exchange andFrankfurt Stock Exchange.[50][51] The following year, the company resolved its asbestos liabilities against its US subsidiaries, Combustion Engineering and ABB Lummus Global, Inc, for $1.43 billion.[52] A three-part capital strengthening plan also aided in ABB's recovery.[53]
In August 2007, ABB Lummus Global, ABB's downstream oil and gas business, was sold to CB&I for $950 million. The sale led to ABB making an accelerated $204 million payment to the CE Asbestos PI Trust, a trust fund covering the asbestos liabilities of Combustion Engineering.[52][54]
In 2008, ABB agreed to acquire Kuhlman Electric Corporation, a US-based maker of transformers for the industrial and electric utility sectors.[55] In November 2008, ABB acquired Ber-Mac Electrical and Instrumentation to expand its presence in Western Canada's oil and gas industries.[56]
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In September 2010, the company bought K-TEK, a manufacturer of level measurement instruments, for $50 million; it was incorporated into ABB's Measurement Products business unit within ABB's Process Automation division.[57]
In July 2010, ABB in Cary, North Carolina received a $4.2 million grant from the US federal government to develop energy storing magnets.[58]
On 10 January 2011, ABB invested $10 million in ECOtality, aSan Francisco-based developer of charging stations and power storage technologies, to enter North America'selectric vehicle charging market.[59] On 1 July of that year, the company announced its acquisition of Epyon B.V. of the Netherlands, an early leader in the European EV-charging infrastructure and maintenance markets.[60]
In early 2011, ABB acquired Baldor Electric for $4.2 billion in an all-cash transaction as part of ABB's strategy to increase its market share in the North American industrial motors segment.[61] On 30 January 2012, the company announced the acquisition of Thomas & Betts, a North American specialist in low voltage products for industrial, construction and utility applications, in a $3.9 billion cash transaction.[62] On 15 June 2012, ABB completed its acquisition of commercial and industrial wireless technology specialists Tropos.[63]
In July 2013, ABB acquired Power-One in a $1 billion all-cash transaction to become the leading global manufacturer ofsolar inverters.[64] That same year,Fastned selected ABB to supply more than 200 Terra fast-charging stations along highways in the Netherlands.[65]
On 6 July 2017, ABB announced it had completed its acquisition ofBernecker + Rainer Industrie-Elektronik (B&R), the largest independent provider of product and software-based open-architecture for industrial automation.[66]
During January 2018, ABB became the title partner of the ABB FIAFormula E Championship, the world's first fully electric international FIA motorsport series.[67] On 30 June 2018, the company completed its acquisition of GE Industrial Solutions,General Electric's global electrification business.[68]
On 17 December 2018, ABB announced it had agreed to sell 80.1% of its Power Grids business toHitachi; the former Power Grids division thus became a part of the Hitachi Group and was rebranded toHitachi Energy.[69] During December 2022, it was confirmed that Hitachi had acquired the remaining 19.9% of the business.[70]
March 2020 ABB announced the intent to purchase Cylon Controls Ltd. (Cylon). The acquisition enhanced ABB Electrification business’ position in the commercial buildings segment.[1]
March 2020, ABB announced that it had agreed to sell its solar inverter business to Italian solar inverter manufacturer Fimer; the transaction includes all of ABB's manufacturing and R&D sites in Finland, Italy and India, along with 800 employees across 26 countries.[71][72]
During mid-2021, ABB announced its involvement in the construction of the first permanent electric road that powers private vehicles and commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses.[73][74]
During December 2022, ABB opened a new 67,000 square metre robotics factory inShanghai following a $150 million investment.[75][76]
In June 2023, ABB agreed to acquire smart home automation providerEve Systems.[77]
In September 2023, ABB announced it would partner with theWell Done Foundation to monitormethane andgreenhouse gas emissions fromorphaned wells in the United States.[78][79]
In January 2024, ABB acquired Real Tech, a prominent Canadian company specializing in innovative optical sensor technology for real-time water monitoring and testing.[80] It also acquired R&D Engineering Firm Meshmind to Expand AI and Software Capabilities[81]
In May 2024, ABB agreed to acquire the wiring accessories business ofSiemens in China. This deal will give access to a distribution network across 230 cities in China.[82]
As of 2025, ABB planned to rebrand all of its residential electrical product lines acquired from GE with the ABB ReliaHome brand.[83]
In October 2025, ABB agreed to sell its industrial robotics business toSoftbank Group in a $5.4 billion deal—preempting plans to spin the division off as its own company in 2026.[84]
In December 2025, it was announced ABB had completed its acquisition of Gamesa Electric’s power electronics business in Spain fromSiemens Gamesa, originally revealed in December 2024. The acquired portfolio includes power conversion products such as wind converters fordoubly-fed induction generators (DFIG), industrial battery energy storage systems (BESS), and utility-scalesolar inverters. Financial terms were not disclosed.[85]
In 1990, ABB launchedAzipod, a family of electric propulsion systems that extends below the hulls of large ships, providing both thrust and steering functions. Developed in cooperation with the Finnish shipbuilder Masa-Yards, Azipod has demonstrated the viability of hybrid-electric power in seagoing vessels, while also increasing maneuverability, fuel efficiency and space efficiency.[12][13]
In 1998, ABB launched the FlexPicker, a robot using a three-armed delta design uniquely suited to the picking and packing industry.[86]
In 2000, ABB brought to market the world's first commercial high-voltage shore-to-ship electric power, at the Swedish port ofGothenburg. Supplying electricity to berthed ships from the shore enables vessels to shut down their engines while in port, significantly reducing noise, vibrations and carbon emissions.[87]
In 2004, ABB launched its Extended Automation System 800xA, an industrial system for the process industries.[88] Today,[when?] the company is the global market leader in distributed control systems.[citation needed]
In May 2013,ABB Sécheron SA joined with several groups in Geneva TOSA (Trolleybus Optimisation Système Alimentation, or in English, Trolleybus Power System Optimization) in a one-year demonstration of a trolleybus route using a novel charging system. Rather than overhead wires, charging is accomplished by fixed overhead devices located at stops along the route and at the terminus.[89][90][91] Jean-Luc Favre, head of Rail ISI, discussed the promising role of improved electric transport technology in ABB.[92]
In 2014, ABB unveiled YuMi, a collaborative industrial dual-arm assembly robot that permits people and machines to work side by side, unlocking new potential for automation in a range of industries.[93]
In 2018, ABB unveiled the Terra High Power charger for electric vehicles, capable of delivering enough to charge in eight minutes to enable an electric car to travel 200 kilometers.[94]
In 2025, ABB Building Automation and Controls, a division of Electrification Smart Buildings, introduced ABB Ability BuildingPro, for smart building automation and management. It is designed as a fully integrated cloud-connected platform, and unifies HVAC, lighting, energy, and asset control under one interface. It is also said to have real-time visibility with AI and IoT-driven optimization, offering remote management across entire building portfolios. It has an open architecture and scalable edge-to-cloud design for interoperability and sustainability, enabling commercial buildings to achieve higher efficiency, lower operational costs, and improved occupant comfort.
ABB's Electrification business area offers products and services from substation to socket. Customers include a wide range of industry and utility operations, plus commercial and residential buildings. The business has strong exposure to a range of rapidly growing segments, including renewables, e-mobility, data centers and smart buildings.[citation needed]
Its offerings includeelectric vehicle chargers, modularsubstations,distribution automation; products to protect people, installations and electronic equipment fromovercurrents such asenclosures,cable systems andlow-voltage circuit breakers; measuring and sensing devices, control products,switches andwiring accessories.
The business also offersKNX systems that integrate and automate a building's electrical installations,ventilation systems, and security and data communication networks. Electrification incorporates an "Electrification Solutions" unit manufacturing low voltageswitchgear and motor control centers.[citation needed]
The acquisition of GE Industrial Solutions, which was completed in June 2018, further strengthened ABB's #2 global position in electrification.[68]
ABB's Motion business area provides a range of electrical motors, generators, drives and services, as well as integrated digital powertrain solutions. Motion is the #1 player in the market globally.[95] In September 2023, it was announced ABB Motion had acquired a minority stake in theBurlington-headquartered wind turbine analytics software company, WindESCo.[citation needed]
ABB's Robotics & Discrete Automation business area combines machine and factory automation systems, mainly from B&R, which ABB acquired in 2017, with a comprehensive robotics concepts and applications suite. ABB has installed over 300,000 robots globally. The Robotics & Discrete Automation business has been positioned to capture the opportunities associated with the "factory of the future" by providing services for flexible manufacturing and smart machinery.[citation needed]
The business is #2 globally, with a #1 position in robotics in the high-growth Chinese market, where ABB is expanding its innovation and production capacity by investing in a new robotics factory in Shanghai.[95]
The Process Automation business area provides a range of services for process and hybrid industries, including its industry-specific integrated automation, electrification and digital services, control technologies, software and advanced services, as well as measurement & analytics, marine and turbocharging offerings.[citation needed]
The Power Grids business area offered components for thetransmission anddistribution of electricity, and incorporated ABB's manufacturing network fortransformers,switchgear,circuit breakers, and associated high voltage equipment such asdigital protective relays. It also offered maintenance services.[citation needed]
A key part of Power Grids' offering wereturnkey systems and service for power transmission and distribution grids and forpower plants; this includedelectrical substations and substation automation systems,flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS),high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, and network management systems. The division was subdivided into the four business units High Voltage Products, Transformers, Grid Automation and Grid Integration.[citation needed]
In 2010, ABB's North American headquarters inCary, North Carolina, announced a new partnership with Sensus ofRaleigh, North Carolina, to develop technologies to work together on smart grids.[96]
During 2014, ABB formed a joint venture withHitachi to provide HVDC system solutions in Japan.[97]
In December 2018, ABB and Hitachi announced that the latter would take over ABB's entire Power Grids division in exchange for roughly $6.4 billion. Hitachi officially acquired 80.1% of the business in July 2020. Initially known asHitachi ABB Power Grids, the new Hitachi subsidiary was rebranded asHitachi Energy in October 2021.[98] The transaction was one of Hitachi's biggest-ever deals, as it shifted focus to a higher-growth market for electricity networks.[99] Hitachi acquired the remainder of the company from ABB in 2022.
In July 2021, ABB confirmed the sale of its mechanical power transmission business, Dodge, to American company RBC Bearings Incorporated for $2.9bn.[100][101]
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ABB Group entered theheavy railrolling stock manufacturing market in 1989 through a 40% shareholding in a consortium, headed withTrafalgar House and some formerBritish Rail employees, that purchasedBritish Rail Engineering Limited (BREL), the formerly state-owned manufacturing arm ofBritish Rail. BREL was the first division of British Rail to be privatised as part of a phased plan initiated by thethird Thatcher ministry. ABB took over two rolling stock manufacturing facilities from BREL; theDerby Litchurch Lane Works andYork Carriage Works.[102][103][104] Additionally, ABB took overCrewe Works in a purely maintenance capacity. During September 1992, ABB Group purchased the stakes of the other members of the consortium to become the sole owner with the business rebranded ABB Transportation.[105][106]
The first trains produced at either facility under ABB ownership were for an order for 22 three-carriageClass 320electric multiple units, built at ABB York forGlasgow's suburban railways in 1990.[107] That same year, ABB York finished an order for five similar four-carClass 322 units for the newStansted Express service.[108] Between 1990 and 1991, ABB York built 24 two-carClass 456third rail trains forNetwork SouthEast services out ofLondon Waterloo. A further order for 97 four-carClass 465 units was completed at ABB York forNetwork SouthEast services in and aroundKent between 1991 and 1994.[109] Numerousdiesel multiple units were also built at ABB York, including 76Class 165 suburban units forChiltern Main Line andGreat Western Main Line commuter services between 1990 and 1992, followed by 21Class 166 three-car express units for longer-distance services out ofLondon Paddington.[110]
After initially focusing its resources on rolling stock refurbishment, the first new trains to roll off the production line at ABB Derby were the ten two-carClass 482 trains, built for theWaterloo & City line while it was still under the control of Network SouthEast (since transferred to theLondon Underground).[111] In 1995, ABB Derby built 16 four-carClass 325 electricfreight multiple units for theRoyal Mail to replace their ageing fleet of parcels carriages.[112] During the mid-1990s, in a bid to expand their international portfolio, both the Derby and York plants completed a number ofABB Eurotramlight rail vehicles for theStrasbourg tramway inFrance.[113] Around the same time, in a further diversification, ABB partnered withBrush Traction to construct the fleet of 46Class 92 electric locomotives for hauling freight trains through theChannel Tunnel; ABB were involved in the design and construction of many components including the traction motors, while final assembly took place at Brush Works inLoughborough.[114]
The last trains to roll off the production line at ABB York were an order for 41 four-carriageClass 365 electric multiple units forConnex South Eastern andWest Anglia Great Northern services between 1994 and 1995. Following theprivatisation of British Rail, ABB encountered a decline in train orders, largely due to increased competition from competing manufacturers and no longer having a monopoly on rolling stock production in the British market. Thus the business was rationalised; ABB York was closed in 1996 (it would later be reopened as a rail wagon manufacturing centre by theThrall Car Manufacturing Company) and all manufacturing activity was relocated to ABB Derby, the operation of which was transferred to theAdtranz joint venture between ABB andDaimlerChrysler in 1996.[citation needed]
During 1997, Adtranz unveiled theClass 168 train forChiltern Railways.[115] The design of the Class 168 would subsequently be further developed into theTurbostar andElectrostar families of trains, which in turn became the most successful rolling stock design on post-privatisation British railways by number of units sold. During 1999, ABB sold its 50% stake in Adtranz to Daimler for $472 million, thus exiting the rolling stock manufacturing sector.[39] Shortly thereafter, Daimler sold the Adtranz unit toBombardier Transportation.[116][117]
Founded in 1916 byErvin G. Bailey, Bailey Controls developed the world's first steam boiler meter before becoming an industry leader in control and instrumentation of automated processes.[118] In 1989 the company merged with the Italian Elsag Group which also produced automation control and instrumentation devices.[118] Elsag Bailey Process Automation would be acquired by ABB in 1999.[118]
The Fischer & Porter Company was founded in 1937 being an industry leader inprocess instrumentation producing an industry-leading range of flow measurement products, along with devices to measure, indicate, and control other process variables including pressure (most famously theFisher-Porter tube), temperature, level, and more.[119] In 1994 Fischer & Porter was acquired by Elsag Bailey Process Automation, which in turn was acquired by ABB in 1999.[119]
Since August 2024,Morten Wierod has been ABB's CEO.[120] During September 2013, Ulrich Spiesshofer was named ABB's CEO, succeeding Joe Hogan.[121]
In August 2019, ABB announced industrial veteranBjörn Rosengren would take over as CEO starting March 2020. Rosengren was then serving as CEO of Swedish mining-equipment giantSandvik. In the meantime, ABB ChairmanPeter Voser was appointed interim CEO on 17 April 2019, succeeding Ulrich Spiesshofer, who stepped down after five-and-a-half years.[122] Voser was elected chairman of the board of directors in April 2015[123] and succeeded Hubertus von Grünberg, who had been chairman since May 2007. Jürgen Dormann was chairman from 2002 to 2007, andPercy Barnevik from 1999 to 2002.
The largest single stake in the firm is held by the Swedishinvestment companyInvestor AB, controlled by theWallenberg family, which holds 12.9%.[124] Activist investorCevian also holds a large stake in the company.[125]
In December 2022, ABB was charged by theU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for violations of theForeign Corrupt Practices Act in a bribery scheme in South Africa. It was ordered to pay a total of $460 million to U.S. authorities to settle criminal and civil charges.[126] ABB paid more than $37 million in bribes to a high-rankingEskom official to influence contracts awarded by the state-owned electric utility company for work on theKusile Power Station project between 2014 and 2017. The official had influence over the awarding of contracts for power projects in the country. In exchange for the bribes, ABB secured a $160 million contract to provide services related to cabling and installation work at Eskom's Kusile Power Station, one of the largest coal-fired power plants in the world.[126][127]
In a parallel case, theUnited States Department of Justice fined ABB $315 million to settle criminal charges. ABB had to pay $75 million in civil penalties to settle the SEC's charges.[126] It was fined 4 million Francs by Swiss authorities.[128] ABB also agreed to repay $104 million to Eskom it was paid in connection with Kusile.[129]
In January 2024, theUnited States House Committee on Homeland Security and theUnited States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party announced an investigation into ABB regarding equipment sold to Chinese state-owned crane manufacturerZPMC.[130][131]
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