TheMPEG-4 Low Delay Audio Coder (a.k.a.AAC Low Delay, orAAC-LD) isaudio compression standard designed to combine the advantages of perceptual audio coding with the low delay necessary for two-way communication. It is closely derived from the MPEG-2Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) standard. It was published inMPEG-4 Audio Version 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-3:1999/Amd 1:2000)[1][2][3][4][5] and in its later revisions.[6][7]
AAC-LD uses a version of themodified discrete cosine transform (MDCT)audio coding technique called the LD-MDCT.[8] AAC-LD is widely used byApple as thevoice-over-IP (VoIP)speech codec inFaceTime.[9]
The most stringent requirements are a maximum algorithmic delay of only 20 ms and a good audio quality for all kind of audio signals including speech and music.
Two-way communication with AAC-LD is possible on usual analog telephone lines and via ISDN connections. It can use a bit rate of 32 - 64 kbit/s or higher.[10] Compared to known speech coders, the codec is capable of coding both music and speech signals with good quality. Unlike speech coders, however, the achieved coding quality scales up with bitrate. Transparent quality can be achieved.
AAC-LD can also process stereo signals by using the advanced stereo coding tools of AAC. Thus it is possible to transmit a stereo signal with a bandwidth of 7 kHz via one ISDN line or with a bandwidth of 15 kHz via two ISDN lines.
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