Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist, donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities. In 2006, he was honoured byStanford University for his contributions to global music.[6] In 2008, he received Lifetime Achievement Award from theRotary Club of Madras.[7] In 2009, he was included on theTime list of theworld's 100 most influential people.[8] In 2014, he was awarded an honorary doctorate fromBerklee College of Music. He has also received honorary doctorate fromAligarh Muslim University.[9] In 2017, he made his debut as a director and writer for the filmLe Musk.[10] In 2024, Rahman was named Honorary President ofTrinity Laban.[11]
Early life
Allah Rakha Rahman[12] was born as Dileep Kumar Rajagopala inMadras,Tamil Nadu, on 6 January 1967.[13] His father,R. K. Shekhar from aVellalar[14][15] family, was a film score composer and conductor forTamil andMalayalam films. Rahman began studying piano at age four.[13] He assisted his father in the studio, playing the keyboard.
After his father's death when Rahman was nine years old, the rental of his father's musical equipment provided his family's income.[16] Raised by his mother, Kareema (born Kashturi),[17] Rahman, who was studying inPadma Seshadri Bala Bhavan had to work to support his family, which led to him to routinely miss classes and fail exams. In an interview in 2012, Rahman said that his mother was summoned and was told to take him to the streets ofKodambakkam to beg and not to send him to the school any more.[18][19]
Rahman attended another school called MCN for a year,[20] and later joined theMadras Christian College Higher Secondary School, where he was admitted for his musical talent and formed a band with his high school classmates.[21][22] However, after discussing it with his mother, he later dropped out of school to pursue a career as a full-time musician.[23][24] Rahman was a keyboard player and arranger for bands such as Roots (with childhood friend and percussionistSivamani,John Anthony,Suresh Peters, JoJo and Raja)[25] and founded the Chennai-based rock group Nemesis Avenue.[26] He mastered the keyboard, piano, synthesizer,harmonium and guitar, and was particularly interested in the synthesizer because it was the "ideal combination of music and technology".[27]
Studying in Madras, Rahman graduated with a diploma in Western classical music from the school.[31] Rahman was introduced toQadiritariqa when his younger sister was seriously ill in 1984. His mother was a practising Hindu.[32][33][34] At the age of 23, he converted toIslam with other members of his family in 1989, changing his name to Allah Rakha Rahman (A. R. Rahman).[17][35][36][37][38]
Career
Soundtracks
Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements andIndian television channels. In 1987 Rahman, then still known as Dileep, composed jingles for a line of watches introduced byAllwyn.[39] He also arranged the jingles for some advertisements that went on to become very popular, including the popular jingle forTitan Watches, in which he used the theme fromMozart's Symphony no.25.[40][41][42]
Rahman (left) receiving a platinum award at the MagnaSound Awards; MagnaSound released his first film soundtrack,Roja, in 1992.
In 1992, he was approached by directorMani Ratnam to compose the score and soundtrack for his Tamil film,Roja.[43][44]
Rahman's film career began in 1992 when he startedPanchathan Record Inn, a recording and mixing studio in his backyard. It would become the most-advanced recording studio in India,[43] and arguably one of Asia's most sophisticated and high-tech studios.[45] CinematographerSantosh Sivan signed Rahman for his second filmYoddha, aMalayalam film starringMohanlal and directed by Sivan's brotherSangeeth Sivan that released in September 1992.
His score for his first Hollywood film, the 2009 comedyCouples Retreat, won theBMI London Award for Best Score.[77] Rahman's music for 2008'sSlumdog Millionaire won a Golden Globe and two Academy Awards (a first for an Asian), and the songs "Jai Ho" and "O... Saya" from its soundtrack were internationally successful. His music on 2008's BollywoodJaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na was popular with Indian youth; that year, his score and songs forJodhaa Akbar won critical acclaim, a Best Composer Asian Film Award nomination andIIFA awards for best music direction and score.
The year 2014 was one of the busiest years for Rahman, with him claiming to have worked in 12 films in various languages.[86] While his first release for the year was theImtiaz Ali's road movieHighway which garnered positive reviews, his very next release was the performance captured animation filmKochadaiiyaan, aRajinikanth starrer directed bySoundarya Rajinikanth. The film's soundtrack waslong-listed at the forthcomingAcademy Awards.[87] His next were the scores for the two back to back Hollywood films,Million Dollar Arm andThe Hundred Foot Journey, both of which got into the contended list for the original score category nomination at the Oscars.[88]
His background scores are often characterised by the usage of subtle orchestration and ambient sounds.[89] He often employs contemporary instruments such as Guitars, Cello, Flute, Strings, Keyboard, Finger board, Harpejji, Santoor and traditional Indian instruments such as Shehnai, Sitar, Mrudangam, Veena & Tabla to create scores.
Rahman has also been involved innon-film projects.Vande Mataram, an album of original compositions released for India's 50th anniversary of its independence in 1997,[94][95][96] is one of India's best-selling non-film albums.[97] He followed it with an album for theBharat Bala–directed videoJana Gana Mana, a collection of performances by leading exponents and artists ofIndian classical music.[98] Rahman has written advertising jingles and orchestrations for athletic events, television and Internet media, documentaries and short films,[99] frequently using the Czech Film Orchestra and the Chennai Strings Orchestra.
Since 2004 Rahman has performed three successful worldtours before audiences in Singapore, Australia, Malaysia,Dubai, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States and India,[102][104] and has been collaborating withKaren David on her upcoming studio album. A two-disc CD,Introducing A. R. Rahman (featuring 25 of his Tamil film-score pieces), was released in May 2006[105] and his non-film albumConnections was released on 12 December 2008.[106] In August 2009 Rahman performed at the Srifort Auditorium in New Delhi in a concert titledA R Rahman Unplugged which kickstarted the golden jubilee celebrations of the National broadcasterDoordarshan. The Minister of Information and Broadcasting of India, MrsAmbika Soni was the chief guest.[107] Rahman performed at a White Housestate dinner arranged by US PresidentBarack Obama during an official visit by Indian Prime MinisterManmohan Singh on 24 November 2009.[108]
In January 2012 theDeutsches Filmorchester Babelsberg announced that it would joinKM Music Conservatory musicians for a 100-member concert tour of five Indian cities (Germany and India 2011–2012: Infinite Opportunities), performing Rahman's songs. The marked the centennial of Indian cinema and Babelsberg Studio, the world's oldest film studio.[89]
In December 2012 Rahman andShekhar Kapoor launched Qyuki, a networking site which is a platform for story writers to exchange their thoughts. Cisco invested ₹270 million in the startup, giving it a 17-percent share. Qyuki uses Cisco's cloud infrastructure for the site.[121][122] On 20 December he released the single "Infinite Love" in English and Hindi, commemorating the last day of the Mayan calendar to spread hope, peace and love. Rahman's 2013 tour, Rahmanishq, was announced on 29 July 2013 inMumbai. Beginning in Sydney on 24 August, the tour moved to a number of cities in India.[123]
In January 2016, after a long break Rahman performed live inChennai and for the first time inCoimbatore &Madurai, with a complete Tamil playlist. As the name suggests,Nenje Yezhu (which means rise up) began 2016 with a positive note and with music from the heart. The proceeds of this concert will be used for flood relief in Tamil Nadu and also for creating awareness against cancer, supporting VS Medical Trust outside Chennai.[124][125][126]
Rahman released a 19-minute orchestral compositionThe Flying Lotus in 2017 featuring the demonetisation. This musical piece is an open interpretation of this major stance against black money which also includesNarendra Modi's speech.
Opening Ceremony Hockey World Cup Bhubaneswar 2018 performance
On 15 August 2018, Rahman appeared as the host in the 5-episode series ofAmazon Prime Video titled "Harmony".[127][128]
Rahman launched India's first YouTube Original,ARRived, which aims to find the best singing talent from across country. The series has 13 episodes and the first episode was uploaded on 7 November 2018. Rahman is the main judge and he is accompanied byShaan,Vidya Vox andClinton Cerejo.[129]
On 16 January 2019, Maruti Suzuki India Limited launched NEXA Music, a platform where 24 artists will be picked and mentored by Rahman and Clinton Cerejo to create international music in India.[130][131]
Rahman also appeared as a judge onThe Voice. The show began airing on 3 February 2019 onStarPlus.[132] Rahman partnered with Marvel to compose a promotional track titled "Marvel Anthem" in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu forAvengers: Endgame (2019).[133] Rahman has sung and composed the track spiced up with rap and heavy percussion. The lyrics are by Nirmika Singh, and MC Heam (rap).[133] The film's team also walked the red carpet and also took a selfie with over 3,500 audience members.[134]
The Irish rock bandU2 collaborated with Rahman to release a single, "Ahimsa", in December 2019. The song was named for theSanskrit word fornon-violence, and lyrically was intended to celebrate the ethnical and spiritual diversity in India. Rahman stated that ahimsa requires courage and strength, and that the song is a celebration of non-violence and peace.[135]
Musical style and influence
Skilled inCarnatic music,Western andHindustani classical music and theQawwali style ofNusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Rahman is noted for film songs amalgamating elements of these and other genres, layering instruments from different musical idioms in an improvisational style.[38][136] During the 1980s Rahman recorded monaural arrangements in common with his musical predecessors,K. V. Mahadevan andVishwanathan–Ramamoorthy. He has also worked as a pianist inIlaiyaraaja's troupe for hundreds of movies.[137] In later years his methodology changed, as he experimented with the fusion of traditional instruments with new electronic sounds and technology.[38][138]
Rahman's musical interests and outlook originate in his love of experimentation. His compositions have anauteuristic use ofcounterpoint, orchestration and thehuman voice, melding Indian pop music with a uniquetimbre, form and instrumentation. With this syncretic style and wide-ranging lyrics, the appeal of Rahman's music crosses classes and cultures in Indian society.[139]
His first soundtrack, forRoja, was listed onTime's all-time "10 Best Soundtracks" in 2005. Film criticRichard Corliss said that the composer's "astonishing debut work parades Rahman's gift for alchemizing outside influences until they are totally Tamil, totally Rahman",[140] and his initial global success is attributed to the South Asian diaspora. Music producerRon Fair considers Rahman "one of the world's great living composers in any medium".[141]
I had come to the music of A. R. Rahman through the emotional and haunting score ofBombay and the wit and celebration ofLagaan. But the more of AR's music I encountered the more I was to be amazed at the sheer diversity of styles: from swinging brass bands to triumphant anthems; from joyous pop to West-End musicals. Whatever the style, A. R. Rahman's music always possesses a profound sense of humanity and spirit, qualities that inspire me the most.[142]
Rahman introduced7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films.[143] Rahman is one of the best-selling music artists in India,[144][145][146] with an estimated 150 million records sold worldwide.[147][148][149] On 21 May 2014 Rahman announced that he has partnered with former Black Eyed Peas'Will.i.am to recreate an early popular track 'Urvashi Urvashi'. Track is 'Birthday'.[150]
Personal life
Rahman and his wife Saira Banu at the 2010 soundtrack release ofEnthiran inKuala Lumpur in 2010
Born into a Hindu family, Rahman converted to Islam when he was in his 20s. After the early death of his father, his family experienced difficult times;Sufism influenced his mother, who was a practising Hindu[32] and, eventually, his family.[36][159] During the81st Academy Awards ceremony Rahman paid tribute to his mother: "There is a Hindi dialogue,mere pass ma hai, which means 'even if I have got nothing I have my mother here'."[160] He said, "Ellā pugaḻum iṟaivaṉukkē" ("All praise to God" inTamil, a translation from theQuran) before his speech.[161] In February 2020, Rahman was critiqued for his liberal image after Bangladeshi authorTaslima Nasreen raised a question about his daughter wearing a burka.[162]
In November 2024, A.R. Rahman and Saira Banu announced their separation.[163][164]
Philanthropy
Rahman is involved with a number of charitable causes. In 2004 he was appointed as the global ambassador of theStop TB Partnership, aWHO project.[102] Rahman has supportedSave the Children India and worked withYusuf Islam on "Indian Ocean", a song featuringa-ha keyboard playerMagne Furuholmen andTravis drummerNeil Primrose. Proceeds from the song went to help orphans inBanda Aceh who were affected by the2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.[165] He produced the single "We Can Make It Better" by Don Asian withMukhtar Sahota.[166][failed verification] In 2008 Rahman opened theKM Music Conservatory with an audio-media education facility to train aspiring musicians in vocals, instruments, music technology and sound design. The conservatory (with prominent musicians on staff and a symphony orchestra) is located near his studio inKodambakkam, Chennai and offers courses at several levels. ViolinistL. Subramaniam is on its advisory board.[167] Several of Rahman's proteges from the studio have scored feature films.[168] In 2009, he foundedSunshine Orchestra with a vision to introduce India's first symphony orchestra where economically and socially deprived children get free music education by theKM Music Conservatory. He composed the theme music for a 2006 short film forThe Banyan to aid poor women in Chennai.[169]
In 2008 Rahman and noted percussionistSivamani created a song, "Jiya Se Jiya", inspired by theFree Hugs Campaign and promoted it with a video filmed in a number of Indian cities for a cause.[170] In 2017, he announced one heart foundation which would support people from music industry. Rahman announcedTa Futures, a collaborative culture project that would curate and celebrate the sounds ofTamil Nadu.[171]
While this idea initially started off like a city symphony project where we were looking at capturing the sounds of the city, I wanted to make it more participatory. In children, particularly, I want it to trigger a whole different thought process as this is not about film music or film stars and I want them to create and compose their future[172]
- Rahman on announcingTa Futures project onChennai
In 2019, Rahman performed a Sufi Benefit Concert at the annual New York gala ofPratham, one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India, which focuses on the provision of quality education to India's underprivileged children. Rahman and his ensemble performed the full dinner concert on a pro-bono basis.[173] Afterward, he wrote on Twitter that his "long time dream of performing #Sufimusic for human causes came true" and thanked attendees for their respect and generosity.[174]
His work in127 Hours won him Golden Globe, BAFTA, and two Academy Award nominations (Best Original Music Score and Best Original Song) in 2011.[203][204][205] Rahman is an Honorary Fellow of theTrinity College of Music.[206]
On 24 October 2014 Rahman was awarded an honorary doctorate fromBerklee College of Music during a concert paying tribute to his music featuring an international cast of students. Upon receiving his award he commented that being honoured by Berklee illustrates how his life has come full circle, as at the start of his career, he had planned to study at Berklee before being offered the opportunity to scoreRoja.[207] During his 7 May 2012 acceptance speech of his honorary doctorate fromMiami University inOhio, Rahman mentioned that he received a Christmas card from the family of the President of the United States and an invitation to dinner at theWhite House.[208] A street was named in his honour in Markham, Ontario, Canada in November 2013.[209]
On 4 October 2015, the government of Seychelles named A. R. RahmanCultural Ambassador for Seychelles in appreciation of the "invaluable services contributed to enhance Seychelles' Arts and Culture development."[210]
In January 2018, He has been appointed as the Brand Ambassador of theSikkim government.A.R. Rahman will promote and project the state's achievements nationally and globally.[211] Rahman was honoured with the Pride of Indian Music award at the first Zee Cine Awards Tamil, held on 4 January 2020 inChennai.[212]
^"Work of the magic and other musicians".Global Rhythm.11 (7–12). New York: World Marketing Inc.: 11 1995.ISSN1553-9814.OCLC50137257.His first assignment was to write the music for Ratnam's film, Roja. Subsequent films that established AR Rahman as the genius of Tamil film music included Pudhiya Mugam with director Suresh Menon and Gentleman with Shankar
^John Shepherd (2005).Continuum encyclopedia of popular music of the world. Vol. 3–7. London/New York: Continuum. pp. 80–81.ISBN0-8264-6321-5.OCLC444486924.Music directors such as AR Rahman andKarthik Raja produce film scores that are more eclectic, incorporating rap, jazz, reggae, hard rock and fast dance beats ( as, for example, for Duet [1994], Kadhalan [1994] and Bombay [1995]).
^Purie, Aroon (1995). "A.R. Rahman: Music The New Wave".India Today.20 (1–6): 11.
^K. Naresh Kumar (1995).Indian cinema: ebbs and tides. Vol. 26–27. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p. 135.ISBN978-81-241-0344-9.OCLC33444588.
^World Saxophone Congress. North American Saxophone Alliance (2001). "The saxophone symposium: journal of the North American Saxophone Alliance".The Saxophone Symposium.26–27. Greenville: North American Saxophone Alliance:78–85.ISSN0271-3705.OCLC5190155.The famous South Indian film music director AR Rahman invited [Kadri Gopalnath ] to work on the music for a major South Indian film. Rahman, a new music director, writes music that brings a more cosmopolitan feel to Indian cinema, and he was open to ...
^Purie, Aroon (1996). "Music love birds".India Today.21 (1–6): 195.ISSN0254-8399.OCLC2675526.AR Rahman's latest offering is a heavy dose of synthesiser and percussion sprinkled with rap. "No Problem" byApache Indian is the selling point.
^Kasbekar, Asha (2006).Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts and Lifestyle. ABC-CLIO. p. 215.ISBN978-1-85109-636-7.Songs play as important a part in South Indian films and some South Indian music directors such as A. R. Rehman and Ilyaraja have an enthusiastic national and even international following
^Chaudhuri, S. "Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka".Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia. p. 149.Now the South is believed to excel the North in many respects, including its colour labs, state of the art digital technology and sound processing facilities (which have improved the dubbing of Tamil and other South Indian languages into Hindi since the 1970s).
^Purie, Aroon (1995). "A. R. Rahman: Music The New Wave".India Today.20 (1–6): 11.Now, two years later, AR Rahman looks like he is here to stay, with his digitalised sound based on pop-rock and reggae and fused with traditional Indian – mainly Carnatic – folk idioms. The supreme irony: he used to play keyboards in ...
^Ramaswamy, V.,Historical Dictionary of the Tamils, p. 199
^Chaudhuri, S. "Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka".Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia. p. 149.Southern filmmakers likeMani Ratnam,Ram Gopal Varma andPriyadarshan have altered the profile of Indian 'national' cinema. So too have southern specialists ... cinematographersSantosh Sivan,P. C. Sreeram and music composer A. R. Rahman who formed a highly successful team with Ratnam and have all attained star status in their own right
^Brégeat, Raïssa (1995).Indomania: le cinéma indien des origines à nos jours (in French). Paris: Cinémathèque française. p. 133.ISBN978-2-900596-14-2.AR Rahman (Roja, Bombay), entre autres, exigent aujourd'hui les cachets les plus gros jamais payés à un directeur musical
^Arnold, Alison (2000)."Film music in the late Twentieth century".The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Taylor & Francis. p. 540.ISBN978-0-8240-4946-1.The recent success of the Tamil film music director A. R. Rehman in achieving widespread popularity in the world of Hindi film music is now possibly opening doors to new South-North relationships and collaborations
^Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008).Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry. p. 6.
^Ganti, T. "Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema": 112.Rehman became a major star with his hit music in Roja followed by hit scores for Mani Ratnam's and Shankar's films in Tamil.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
^"Cinemaya 1998".Cinemaya. No. 39–41. New Delhi. 1998. p. 9.ISSN0970-8782.OCLC19234070.However, the song was lifted by a whole range of well-known music directors from Bombay so much so that the original composition in Tamil by AR Rahman ...
^Allen, John; Uck Lun Chun; Allen Chun; Ned Rossiter; Brian Shoesmith. "Refashioning Pop Music in Asia": 67.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
^"A. R. Rahman: Summary Biography".A. R. Rahman: A Biography. November 2002. Retrieved15 February 2007.Particularly impressed with Vande Mataram,Jeremy Spencer, formerly ofFleetwood Mac stated that Rahman was the only Indian composer he knew about and liked.
^Slobin, Mark; Gregory Booth; Joseph Getter; B. Balasubrahmaniyan (2008). "Tamil Film Music: Sound and Significance".Global soundtracks: worlds of film music. USA: Wesleyan University Press. pp. 108, 125.ISBN978-0-8195-6881-6.
^Through innovations such as these, commentators herald Rahman's work as having "passed the relatively static makeup of Western ensembles such as jazz bands and symphony orchestras and the rigid formula of American pop songs."Todd Titon, Jeff; Linda Fujie; David Locke;David P. McAllester. "India/South India".Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples. pp. 202–205.
Chaudhuri, Shohini (2005). "Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka".Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia.Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.ISBN0-7486-1799-X.
Cowie, Peter (1994).Variety International Film Guide 1995 (31st ed.). London/Hollywood. p. 204.ISBN978-0-600-58516-9.OCLC221419104.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Shepherd, John (2005).Continuum encyclopaedia of popular music of the world. Vol. 3–7. London, New York: Continuum. pp. 80–81.ISBN0-8264-6321-5.OCLC444486924.
Slobin, Mark; Gregory Booth; Joseph Getter; B. Balasubrahmaniyan (2008). "Tamil Film Music: Sound and Significance".Global soundtracks: worlds of film music. USA: Wesleyan University Press.ISBN978-0-8195-6881-6.
Terska Ciecko, Anne (2006).Contemporary Asian Cinema: Popular culture in a Global Frame. Berg: Berg Publishers.ISBN1-84520-237-6.
Todd Titon, Jeff; Linda Fujie; David Locke;David P. McAllester (2005). "India/South India".Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples. USA: Thomson Shirmer.ISBN978-0-534-62757-7.
Todd Titon, Jeff (2009). "India/South India".Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples (5th ed.). USA: Schirmer Cengage Learning.ISBN978-0-534-59539-5.
Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008).Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry. Routledge.ISBN978-0-415-39680-6.