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98th Flying Training Squadron | |
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.jpeg) Air Force Academy Wings of Blue and Navy Leap Frogs kickoff Navy vs Air Force | |
| Active | 1941–1948; 1948–1963; 1988–1992; 1994–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Parachute Training |
| Part of | Air Education and Training Command |
| Garrison/HQ | United States Air Force Academy |
| Nickname | Wings of Blue[citation needed] |
| Engagements | Southwest Pacific Theater Pacific Ocean Theater[1] |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Presidential Unit Citation (Navy) Air Force Outstanding Unit Award[1] |
| Insignia | |
| 98th Flying Training Squadron emblem[a] |  |
| 98th Bombardment Squadron emblem[b][2] |  |
The98th Flying Training Squadron is aUnited States Air Force unit assigned to the306th Flying Training Group. It is stationed at theUnited States Air Force Academy, Colorado, however itsDe Havilland Canada UV-18 Twin Otter aircraft are housed and maintained at nearbyPeterson Space Force Base, Colorado.
The mission of the 98th is to provideparachute training to cadets. The basic program trains 1,200 students per year with the majority of positions given to USAF Academy cadets.Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets are assigned positions on an availability and timing basis.
In 1995, the98th Flying Training Squadron was reactivated as aparachute trainingsquadron at theUnited States Air Force Academy (USAFA). WithAir Staff approval to teach military parachuting, the parachute branch under the Airmanship Division of the USAFA was born in the Spring of 1966. In 1982, parachuting became a flight under the94th Airmanship Training Squadron. In 1995, the parachute flight grew too large and was expanded into a squadron. What started as a club training 25 students a year has grown into a program training 600 to 1,200 cadets annually and fielding competition and demonstration teams.[citation needed]
The basic AM-490 program, which had used round parachutes since its conception, evolved with the use of modern piggy-back container systems and square parachutes for both the main and reserve. Each student is equipped with a radio so all landings can be assisted from the ground.[citation needed]
The "Wings of Blue" (sometimes known as PTWOBs, and stands for "Parachute Team – Wings of Blue"), is theparachuting unit at the USAFA, nearColorado Springs, Colorado.
Over the last several decades, the Wings of Blue has been one of the outstanding parachute units in the United States. Since 1967, cadets have dominated national intercollegiate parachuting, winning 21 national championships. They perform about 50 demonstrations each year, and have shown off their skills at theBCS National Championship,Orange Bowl,Copper Bowl,Fiesta Bowl, andPro Bowl and mostAir Force Falcons football games.[3] The team travels locally, nationally, and internationally to perform in air shows and competitions. Their stated mission is to "[d]evelop airmen through flight in its purest form — Stand in the Door!"[4]
Parachuting at the USAFA began in 1964 when a group of ambitiouscadets took to the skies. The activity, at the time, was off-limits to cadets. Knowing full well the consequences if caught participating, their involvement was nonetheless revealed through their own irrepressible success. That spring, Cadet First Class (senior) Jay Kelley and Cadet Third Class (sophomore) Pete Johnston paired and won a novice team accuracy event—the academy's first gold medal in collegiate competition. Their achievements that day resulted in an invitational demonstration at thePueblo Army Depot, after which the commander atFort Carson sent a very nice letter to the USAFA superintendent, thanking him for allowing the fine young men of his skydiving team to participate".[citation needed] After a thorough investigation, the USAFA Commandant of Cadets,Brigadier General Robert W. Strong Jr. "had a dilemma on his hands. After all, balancing against the weight of these young men's sin was the positive publicity they had brought upon themselves and the Academy. However illegal their activities, they were on to something good".[citation needed]
Each year since then, more than 800 cadets, officers, and enlisted members, from both U.S. and foreign services, complete fivefree fall jumps and earn theirparachutist badge and rating. The USAFA offers the only military jump program in the world authorized to allow students to perform unassisted free fall delays on their first jump without any prior jump experience. It is common for civilian-trained skydivers to do so.[5] Although parachutist wings are awarded, they are non-operational in anyDepartment of Defense unit; to be in anairborne operational unit or functioned job, personnel must complete theUnited States Army Airborne School inFort Benning, Georgia.[6]
Airmanship 490 (AM-490) is the basic free fall course instructed by members of the Wings of Blue. Students enrolled in the course undergo more than 30 hours of ground training prior to their first free fall jump. The ground training introduces and develops procedures and techniques forhigh altitude free fall, and for operating a steerable parachute system. The course focuses on safety and emergency procedures to aid the students' ability to overcome their fears and perform under the extremely stressful and potentially life-threatening situations they may encounter.
Prior to each of the five jumps, students class receive two gear inspections prior to boarding the aircraft to ensure their parachutes are fitted and working properly. These inspections guarantee that the parachute's main and reserve canopy firing devices are on and accurately calibrated. Students also receive a briefing from thejumpmaster before loading the aircraft. Once airborne, the jumpmaster determines the exit/opening point, which varies with the day's wind patterns, student's receive their third and final gear inspection as the plane turns inbound for the jump run. At 5,000 feetabove ground level, the jumpmaster opens the door then instructs the first jumper to: "Stand in the door!"[7]
Before the Fall semester begins, 25 cadets entering their second year at the academy are selected from approximately 200 applicants for an upgrade program into the Wings of Blue, known informally as the "Wings of Green." In their first semester in AM-491, cadets undergo accelerated freefall training and receive their USPA A license. In the Spring semester, students complete the training to become jumpmasters and instruct an AM-490 class under the supervision of senior cadets on the Wings of Blue. After a year of training, the Wings of Green graduate onto the Wings of Blue and become AM-490 instructors andaircrew members for the 98th Flying Training Squadron operations.[8]
Airmanship 496 (AM-496) is composed of the junior and senior Wings of Blue members. This group is divided into the junior competition/demonstration team, and the senior competition/demonstration team.[3]
Both the junior and senior competition teams are composed of approximately ten members: two four-way teams, and one two-member team performing vertical relative work, also known as freefly. All 20 members compete in canopy accuracy as well. In the aerial events, teams are given 35 to 40 seconds to complete a preplanned formation maneuvers after exiting the plane. Jumpers exit with a videographer who records the jump for judging. The competition team represents the Wings of Blue at numerous competitions across the country, including the National Skydiving Championships, National Collegiate Parachuting Championships, Black and Gold Competition (an all military competition), and numerous other free fall and accuracy meets throughout the year. The PTWOB competition team has been recognized as the leading collegiate team in the nation 29 of the last 39 years.[citation needed]
The demonstration team is composed of the remaining team members in the AM-496 program. This team represents the Wings of Blue around the nation at Air Force forums, air shows,football games, and various other sporting events, and at other civilian requests. Their act is composed of relative work consisting ofcolored smoke jumping, and flag/streamer presentations. The demo team is also well known for its appearance at major college football bowl games during the holiday season, as well asMonday Night Football games.[citation needed]
On 1 February 1940, the11th Bombardment Group was activated atHickam Field, Hawaii, with four squadrons assigned or attached as the United States built up its forces in the Pacific.[9][10][11] However, in the fall of 1941, its14th Bombardment Squadron deployed to the Philippines. In early December, the 14th was reassigned to the7th Bombardment Squadron, which was programmed to reinforce the air garrison there.[12][13][14] On 16 December 1941, shortly after theattack on Pearl Harbor, the98th Bombardment Squadron was activated at Hickam to fill the gap left in the 11th Group left by the departure of the 14th Squadron. The squadron flewDouglas B-18 Bolos while equipping for combat withBoeing B-17 Flying Fortresses[1]
The squadron flew patrol and search missions from the Hawaiian Islands, including air support during theBattle of Midway.[10][15] In June 1942, shortly after theBattle of Midway, the 11th Group was authorized as a mobile force by theArmy Air Forces in order to respond to aNavy request byAdmiral Nimitz for long-range armed search planes to locate Japanese fleets, accompanied with firepower to withstand defending Japaneseinterceptors while tracking the fleet. The 11th Group left Hawaii to support Navy operations in the South Pacific Theater during theGuadalcanal andNorthern Solomon Islands Campaigns.[15]
The squadron moved to theNew Caledonia on 21 July 1942 and became part ofThirteenth Air Force. It bombed airfields, supply dumps, ships, docks, troop positions, and other objectives in the South Pacific from July to November 1942, and received aDistinguished Unit Citation for those operations. It continued operations in the South Pacific, attacking Japanese airfields, installations, and shipping until late March 1943.[1][10]
The squadron returned to Hawaii and the control ofSeventh Air Force on 8 April 1943. In Hawaii, the squadron equipped withConsolidated B-24 Liberator bombers, which it flew until the end of the war.[10] Its training Included missions againstWake Island and other central Pacific bases held by the Japanese.[15] It deployed to theGilbert Islands on 11 November 1943 and resumed combat participating in the Allied offensive through the Gilbert,Marshall andMarianas Islands, while operating from Funafuti, Tarawa, and Kwajalein.[1][10]
"The [squadron] moved toGuam on 25 October 1944 and attacked shipping and airfields in the Volcano and Bonin Islands. It moved toOkinawa on 2 July 1945 to participate in the final phases of the air offensive against Japan, bombing railways, airfields, and harbor facilities onKyushu and striking Japanese airfields in Eastern China."[10]
AfterV-J Day, the squadron flew surveillance and reconnaissance missions over China and ferried formerprisoners of war to the Philippines. In December 1945 the squadron moved without personnel or equipment toFort William McKinley, Philippines. At the end of April 1946, it was designated as a very heavy bomber unit. The following month, it moved toNorthwest Field, Guam and began to re-equip withBoeing B-29 Superfortresses, but terminated all operations and training by October. The squadron remained on Guam on paper until inactivating on 20 October 1948.[1][10]
The squadron was activated atCarswell Air Force Base, Texas in December 1948 as aConvair B-36 Peacemaker strategic bombardment squadron.[1]
In 1959, the squadron was reassigned toStrategic Air Command (SAC)'s4123d Strategic Wing, and was re-equipped withBoeing B-52E Stratofortress intercontinental heavy bombers. It moved toClinton-Sherman Air Force Base, Oklahoma in SAC's program to disperse its heavy bomber force. The squadron conducted worldwide strategic bombardment training missions and provided nuclear deterrent. it was inactivated in 1963 when SAC inactivated its strategic wings, replacing them with permanent Air Force controlled wings. Its aircraft, personneland equipment were transferred to the6th Bombardment Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.
The squadron was reactivated in 1988 as an undergraduate pilot training squadron atWilliams Air Force Base, Arizona, and equipped with theCessna T-37 Tweet. It was inactivated in 1992 with the closure of Williams.
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This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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