1981–1983 U.S. Congress
The97th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives . It met inWashington, D.C. , from January 3, 1981, to January 3, 1983, during the final weeks ofJimmy Carter's presidency and the first two years ofRonald Reagan's presidency . The apportionment of seats in theHouse of Representatives was based on the1970 United States census .
While the House of Representatives retained aDemocratic majority (albeit reduced from the96th Congress ), theRepublicans gained control of the Senate, marking the first time that they had control of either chamber of Congress since the83rd Congress in 1953.
Early 1980s recession January 20, 1981: Inauguration of PresidentRonald Reagan January 20, 1981:Iran hostage crisis ended February 18, 1981:President Reagan addressed a joint session of Congress March 30, 1981:Reagan assassination attempt April 12, 1981:First space shuttle launched June 5, 1981: First recognized case ofAIDS August 5, 1981: President Reagan fired theair traffic controllers September 21, 1981: Senate confirmed the first femaleUnited States Supreme Court justice,Sandra Day O'Connor April 21, 1982:Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands addressed a joint meeting of Congress. November 2, 1982:United States general elections ; Republicansretained Senate and Democratsincreased control in House . August 13, 1981:Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA or Kemp-Roth Tax Cut),Pub. L. 97–34 , 95 Stat. 172 August 13, 1981:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 ,Pub. L. 97–35 , 95 Stat. 357 September 3, 1982:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 ,Pub. L. 97–248 , 96 Stat. 324 September 8, 1982:Uniformed Services Former Spouses' Protection Act (USFSPA),Pub. L. 97–252 , 96 Stat. 718 September 13, 1982: Codification ofTitle 31 of the United States Code , "Money and Finance",Pub. L. 97–258 , 96 Stat. 877 September 20, 1982:Bus Regulatory Reform Act ,Pub. L. 97–261 , 96 Stat. 1102 October 13, 1982:Job Training Partnership Act of 1982 ,Pub. L. 97–300 , 96 Stat. 1322 October 15, 1982:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act ,Pub. L. 97–320 , 96 Stat. 1469 Special or select committees [ edit ] Senate Select Committee on Small Business — Became a standing committee on March 25, 1981United States Senate Select Committee on Law Enforcement Undercover Activities of the Justice Department — March 24, 1982 – December 15, 1982 Party standings on the opening day of the 97th Congress House of Representatives [ edit ] House seats by party holding plurality in state 80+% Democratic
80+% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic
60+% to 80% Republican
50+% to 60% Democratic
50+% to 60% Republican
(Striped): even split
[ edit ] [ edit ] House of Representatives [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1982; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1984; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1986.
House of Representatives [ edit ] Representatives are listed by their district numbers.
▌ 1 Jack Edwards (R)▌ 2 William Louis Dickinson (R)▌ 3 Bill Nichols (D)▌ 4 Tom Bevill (D)▌ 5 Ronnie Flippo (D)▌ 6 Albert L. Smith Jr. (R)▌ 7 Richard Shelby (D)▌ At-large Don Young (R)▌ 1 John Jacob Rhodes (R)▌ 2 Mo Udall (D)▌ 3 Bob Stump (D)▌ 4 Eldon Rudd (R)▌ 1 William Vollie Alexander Jr. (D)▌ 2 Ed Bethune (R)▌ 3 John Paul Hammerschmidt (R)▌ 4 Beryl Anthony Jr. (D)▌ 1 Eugene A. Chappie (R)▌ 2 Donald H. Clausen (R)▌ 3 Bob Matsui (D)▌ 4 Vic Fazio (D)▌ 5 John Burton (D)▌ 6 Phillip Burton (D)▌ 7 George Miller (D)▌ 8 Ron Dellums (D)▌ 9 Pete Stark (D)▌ 10 Don Edwards (D)▌ 11 Tom Lantos (D)▌ 12 Pete McCloskey (R)▌ 13 Norman Mineta (D)▌ 14 Norman D. Shumway (R)▌ 15 Tony Coelho (D)▌ 16 Leon Panetta (D)▌ 17 Chip Pashayan (R)▌ 18 Bill Thomas (R)▌ 19 Robert J. Lagomarsino (R)▌ 20 Barry Goldwater Jr. (R)▌ 21 Bobbi Fiedler (R)▌ 22 Carlos Moorhead (R)▌ 23 Anthony Beilenson (D)▌ 24 Henry Waxman (D)▌ 25 Edward R. Roybal (D)▌ 26 John H. Rousselot (R)▌ 27 Bob Dornan (R)▌ 28 Julian Dixon (D)▌ 29 Augustus Hawkins (D)▌ 30 George E. Danielson (D), until March 9, 1982▌ Matthew G. Martínez (D), from July 13, 1982▌ 31 Mervyn Dymally (D)▌ 32 Glenn M. Anderson (D)▌ 33 Wayne R. Grisham (R)▌ 34 Dan Lungren (R)▌ 35 David Dreier (R)▌ 36 George Brown Jr. (D)▌ 37 Jerry Lewis (R)▌ 38 Jerry M. Patterson (D)▌ 39 William E. Dannemeyer (R)▌ 40 Robert Badham (R)▌ 41 Bill Lowery (R)▌ 42 Duncan L. Hunter (R)▌ 43 Clair Burgener (R)▌ 1 Pat Schroeder (D)▌ 2 Tim Wirth (D)▌ 3 Ray Kogovsek (D)▌ 4 Hank Brown (R)▌ 5 Ken Kramer (R)▌ 1 William R. Cotter (D), until September 8, 1981▌ Barbara B. Kennelly (D), from January 12, 1982▌ 2 Sam Gejdenson (D)▌ 3 Lawrence J. DeNardis (R)▌ 4 Stewart McKinney (R)▌ 5 William R. Ratchford (D)▌ 6 Toby Moffett (D)▌ At-large Thomas B. Evans Jr. (R)▌ 1 Earl Hutto (D)▌ 2 Don Fuqua (D)▌ 3 Charles E. Bennett (D)▌ 4 Bill Chappell (D)▌ 5 Bill McCollum (R)▌ 6 Bill Young (R)▌ 7 Sam Gibbons (D)▌ 8 Andy Ireland (D)▌ 9 Bill Nelson (D)▌ 10 Skip Bafalis (R)▌ 11 Dan Mica (D)▌ 12 Clay Shaw (R)▌ 13 William Lehman (D)▌ 14 Claude Pepper (D)▌ 15 Dante Fascell (D)▌ 1 Bo Ginn (D)▌ 2 Charles Floyd Hatcher (D)▌ 3 Jack Brinkley (D)▌ 4 Elliott H. Levitas (D)▌ 5 Wyche Fowler (D)▌ 6 Newt Gingrich (R)▌ 7 Larry McDonald (D)▌ 8 Billy Lee Evans (D)▌ 9 Ed Jenkins (D)▌ 10 Doug Barnard Jr. (D)▌ 1 Cecil Heftel (D)▌ 2 Daniel Akaka (D)▌ 1 Larry Craig (R)▌ 2 George V. Hansen (R)▌ 1 Harold Washington (D)▌ 2 Gus Savage (D)▌ 3 Marty Russo (D)▌ 4 Ed Derwinski (R)▌ 5 John G. Fary (D)▌ 6 Henry Hyde (R)▌ 7 Cardiss Collins (D)▌ 8 Dan Rostenkowski (D)▌ 9 Sidney R. Yates (D)▌ 10 John Porter (R)▌ 11 Frank Annunzio (D)▌ 12 Phil Crane (R)▌ 13 Robert McClory (R)▌ 14 John N. Erlenborn (R)▌ 15 Tom Corcoran (R)▌ 16 Lynn Morley Martin (R)▌ 17 George M. O'Brien (R)▌ 18 Robert H. Michel (R)▌ 19 Tom Railsback (R)▌ 20 Paul Findley (R)▌ 21 Edward Rell Madigan (R)▌ 22 Dan Crane (R)▌ 23 Melvin Price (D)▌ 24 Paul Simon (D)▌ 1 Adam Benjamin Jr. (D), until September 7, 1982▌ Katie Hall (D), from November 2, 1982▌ 2 Floyd Fithian (D)▌ 3 John P. Hiler (R)▌ 4 Dan Coats (R)▌ 5 Elwood Hillis (R)▌ 6 David W. Evans (D)▌ 7 John T. Myers (R)▌ 8 H. Joel Deckard (R)▌ 9 Lee H. Hamilton (D)▌ 10 Philip Sharp (D)▌ 11 Andrew Jacobs Jr. (D)▌ 1 Jim Leach (R)▌ 2 Tom Tauke (R)▌ 3 T. Cooper Evans (R)▌ 4 Neal Edward Smith (D)▌ 5 Tom Harkin (D)▌ 6 Berkley Bedell (D)▌ 1 Pat Roberts (R)▌ 2 James Edmund Jeffries (R)▌ 3 Larry Winn (R)▌ 4 Dan Glickman (D)▌ 5 Bob Whittaker (R)▌ 1 Carroll Hubbard (D)▌ 2 William Natcher (D)▌ 3 Romano Mazzoli (D)▌ 4 Gene Snyder (R)▌ 5 Hal Rogers (R)▌ 6 Larry J. Hopkins (R)▌ 7 Carl D. Perkins (D)▌ 1 Bob Livingston (R)▌ 2 Lindy Boggs (D)▌ 3 Billy Tauzin (D)▌ 4 Buddy Roemer (D)▌ 5 Jerry Huckaby (D)▌ 6 Henson Moore (R)▌ 7 John Breaux (D)▌ 8 Gillis William Long (D)▌ 1 David F. Emery (R)▌ 2 Olympia Snowe (R)▌ 1 Roy Dyson (D)▌ 2 Clarence Long (D)▌ 3 Barbara Mikulski (D)▌ 4 Marjorie Holt (R)▌ 5 Gladys Spellman (D), until February 24, 1981▌ Steny Hoyer (D), from May 19, 1981▌ 6 Beverly Byron (D)▌ 7 Parren Mitchell (D)▌ 8 Michael D. Barnes (D)▌ 1 Silvio O. Conte (R)▌ 2 Edward Boland (D)▌ 3 Joseph D. Early (D)▌ 4 Barney Frank (D)▌ 5 James Shannon (D)▌ 6 Nicholas Mavroules (D)▌ 7 Ed Markey (D)▌ 8 Tip O'Neill (D)▌ 9 Joe Moakley (D)▌ 10 Margaret Heckler (R)▌ 11 Brian J. Donnelly (D)▌ 12 Gerry Studds (D)▌ 1 John Conyers (D)▌ 2 Carl Pursell (R)▌ 3 Howard Wolpe (D)▌ 4 David Stockman (R), until January 27, 1981▌ Mark D. Siljander (R), from April 21, 1981▌ 5 Harold S. Sawyer (R)▌ 6 James Whitney Dunn (R)▌ 7 Dale Kildee (D)▌ 8 J. Bob Traxler (D)▌ 9 Guy Vander Jagt (R)▌ 10 Donald J. Albosta (D)▌ 11 Robert William Davis (R)▌ 12 David Bonior (D)▌ 13 George Crockett Jr. (D)▌ 14 Dennis Hertel (D)▌ 15 William D. Ford (D)▌ 16 John D. Dingell Jr. (D)▌ 17 William M. Brodhead (D)▌ 18 James Blanchard (D)▌ 19 William Broomfield (R)▌ 1 Arlen Erdahl (I-R)[ b] ▌ 2 Tom Hagedorn (I-R)[ b] ▌ 3 Bill Frenzel (I-R)[ b] ▌ 4 Bruce Vento (DFL)[ c] ▌ 5 Martin Olav Sabo (DFL)[ c] ▌ 6 Vin Weber (R)[ b] ▌ 7 Arlan Stangeland (R)[ b] ▌ 8 Jim Oberstar (DFL)[ c] ▌ 1 Jamie L. Whitten (D)▌ 2 David R. Bowen (D)▌ 3 Sonny Montgomery (D)▌ 4 Jon Hinson (R), until April 13, 1981▌ Wayne Dowdy (D), from July 7, 1981▌ 5 Trent Lott (R)▌ 1 Bill Clay (D)▌ 2 Robert A. Young (D)▌ 3 Dick Gephardt (D)▌ 4 Ike Skelton (D)▌ 5 Richard Walker Bolling (D)▌ 6 Tom Coleman (R)▌ 7 Gene Taylor (R)▌ 8 Wendell Bailey (R)▌ 9 Harold Volkmer (D)▌ 10 Bill Emerson (R)▌ 1 Pat Williams (D)▌ 2 Ron Marlenee (R)▌ 1 Doug Bereuter (R)▌ 2 Hal Daub (R)▌ 3 Virginia D. Smith (R)▌ At-large James David Santini (D)▌ 1 Norman D'Amours (D)▌ 2 Judd Gregg (R)▌ 1 James Florio (D)▌ 2 William J. Hughes (D)▌ 3 James J. Howard (D)▌ 4 Chris Smith (R)▌ 5 Millicent Fenwick (R)▌ 6 Edwin B. Forsythe (R)▌ 7 Marge Roukema (R)▌ 8 Robert A. Roe (D)▌ 9 Harold C. Hollenbeck (R)▌ 10 Peter W. Rodino (D)▌ 11 Joseph Minish (D)▌ 12 Matthew John Rinaldo (R)▌ 13 Jim Courter (R)▌ 14 Frank Joseph Guarini (D)▌ 15 Bernard J. Dwyer (D)▌ 1 Manuel Lujan Jr. (R)▌ 2 Joe Skeen (R)▌ 1 William Carney (C)[ d] ▌ 2 Thomas Downey (D)▌ 3 Gregory W. Carman (R)▌ 4 Norman F. Lent (R)▌ 5 Raymond J. McGrath (R)▌ 6 John LeBoutillier (R)▌ 7 Joseph P. Addabbo (D)▌ 8 Benjamin Stanley Rosenthal (D)▌ 9 Geraldine Ferraro (D)▌ 10 Mario Biaggi (D)▌ 11 James H. Scheuer (D)▌ 12 Shirley Chisholm (D)▌ 13 Stephen Solarz (D)▌ 14 Fred Richmond (D), until August 25, 1982▌ 15 Leo C. Zeferetti (D)▌ 16 Chuck Schumer (D)▌ 17 Guy Molinari (R)▌ 18 Bill Green (R)▌ 19 Charles Rangel (D)▌ 20 Theodore S. Weiss (D)▌ 21 Robert Garcia (D)▌ 22 Jonathan Brewster Bingham (D)▌ 23 Peter A. Peyser (D)▌ 24 Richard Ottinger (D)▌ 25 Hamilton Fish IV (R)▌ 26 Benjamin Gilman (R)▌ 27 Matthew F. McHugh (D)▌ 28 Samuel S. Stratton (D)▌ 29 Gerald Solomon (R)▌ 30 David O'Brien Martin (R)▌ 31 Donald J. Mitchell (R)▌ 32 George C. Wortley (R)▌ 33 Gary A. Lee (R)▌ 34 Frank Horton (R)▌ 35 Barber Conable (R)▌ 36 John J. LaFalce (D)▌ 37 Henry J. Nowak (D)▌ 38 Jack Kemp (R)▌ 39 Stan Lundine (D)▌ 1 Walter B. Jones Sr. (D)▌ 2 Lawrence H. Fountain (D)▌ 3 Charles Orville Whitley (D)▌ 4 Ike Franklin Andrews (D)▌ 5 Stephen L. Neal (D)▌ 6 Walter E. Johnston III (R)▌ 7 Charlie Rose (D)▌ 8 Bill Hefner (D)▌ 9 James G. Martin (R)▌ 10 Jim Broyhill (R)▌ 11 Bill Hendon (R)▌ At-large Byron Dorgan (D-NPL)[ c] ▌ 1 Bill Gradison (R)▌ 2 Tom Luken (D)▌ 3 Tony P. Hall (D)▌ 4 Tennyson Guyer (R), until April 12, 1981▌ Mike Oxley (R), from June 25, 1981▌ 5 Del Latta (R)▌ 6 Bob McEwen (R)▌ 7 Bud Brown (R)▌ 8 Tom Kindness (R)▌ 9 Ed Weber (R)▌ 10 Clarence E. Miller (R)▌ 11 J. William Stanton (R)▌ 12 Bob Shamansky (D)▌ 13 Donald J. Pease (D)▌ 14 John F. Seiberling (D)▌ 15 Chalmers Wylie (R)▌ 16 Ralph Regula (R)▌ 17 John M. Ashbrook (R), until April 24, 1982▌ Jean Spencer Ashbrook (R), from June 29, 1982▌ 18 Douglas Applegate (D)▌ 19 Lyle Williams (R)▌ 20 Mary Rose Oakar (D)▌ 21 Louis Stokes (D)▌ 22 Dennis E. Eckart (D)▌ 23 Ronald M. Mottl (D)▌ 1 James R. Jones (D)▌ 2 Mike Synar (D)▌ 3 Wes Watkins (D)▌ 4 Dave McCurdy (D)▌ 5 Mickey Edwards (R)▌ 6 Glenn English (D)▌ 1 Les AuCoin (D)▌ 2 Denny Smith (R)▌ 3 Ron Wyden (D)▌ 4 Jim Weaver (D)▌ 1 Thomas M. Foglietta (D)▌ 2 William H. Gray III (D)▌ 3 Raymond Lederer (D), until April 29, 1981▌ Joseph F. Smith (D), from July 21, 1981▌ 4 Charles F. Dougherty (R)▌ 5 Richard T. Schulze (R)▌ 6 Gus Yatron (D)▌ 7 Robert W. Edgar (D)▌ 8 James K. Coyne III (R)▌ 9 Bud Shuster (R)▌ 10 Joseph M. McDade (R)▌ 11 James Nelligan (R)▌ 12 John Murtha (D)▌ 13 Lawrence Coughlin (R)▌ 14 William J. Coyne (D)▌ 15 Donald L. Ritter (R)▌ 16 Robert Smith Walker (R)▌ 17 Allen E. Ertel (D)▌ 18 Doug Walgren (D)▌ 19 William F. Goodling (R)▌ 20 Joseph M. Gaydos (D)▌ 21 Donald A. Bailey (D)▌ 22 Austin Murphy (D)▌ 23 William F. Clinger Jr. (R)▌ 24 Marc L. Marks (R)▌ ▌ 25 Eugene Atkinson (D), changed to (R) October 14, 1981▌ 1 Fernand St Germain (D)▌ 2 Claudine Schneider (R)▌ 1 Thomas F. Hartnett (R)▌ 2 Floyd Spence (R)▌ 3 Butler Derrick (D)▌ 4 Carroll A. Campbell Jr. (R)▌ 5 Kenneth Lamar Holland (D)▌ 6 John Light Napier (R)▌ 1 Tom Daschle (D)▌ 2 Clint Roberts (R)▌ 1 Jimmy Quillen (R)▌ 2 John Duncan Sr. (R)▌ 3 Marilyn Lloyd (D)▌ 4 Albert Gore Jr. (D)▌ 5 Bill Boner (D)▌ 6 Robin Beard (R)▌ 7 Ed Jones (D)▌ 8 Harold Ford Sr. (D)▌ 1 Sam B. Hall Jr. (D)▌ 2 Charlie Wilson (D)▌ 3 James M. Collins (R)▌ 4 Ralph Hall (D)▌ 5 Jim Mattox (D)▌ 6 Phil Gramm (D)▌ 7 Bill Archer (R)▌ 8 Jack Fields (R)▌ 9 Jack Brooks (D)▌ 10 J. J. Pickle (D)▌ 11 Marvin Leath (D)▌ 12 Jim Wright (D)▌ 13 Jack Hightower (D)▌ 14 William Neff Patman (D)▌ 15 Kika de la Garza (D)▌ 16 Richard Crawford White (D)▌ 17 Charles Stenholm (D)▌ 18 Mickey Leland (D)▌ 19 Kent Hance (D)▌ 20 Henry B. González (D)▌ 21 Tom Loeffler (R)▌ 22 Ron Paul (R)▌ 23 Abraham Kazen (D)▌ 24 Martin Frost (D)▌ 1 Jim Hansen (R)▌ 2 David Daniel Marriott (R)▌ At-large Jim Jeffords (R)▌ 1 Paul Trible (R)▌ 2 G. William Whitehurst (R)▌ 3 Thomas J. Bliley Jr. (R)▌ 4 Robert Daniel (R)▌ 5 Dan Daniel (D)▌ 6 M. Caldwell Butler (R)▌ 7 J. Kenneth Robinson (R)▌ 8 Stanford Parris (R)▌ 9 William C. Wampler (R)▌ 10 Frank Wolf (R)▌ 1 Joel Pritchard (R)▌ 2 Al Swift (D)▌ 3 Don Bonker (D)▌ 4 Sid Morrison (R)▌ 5 Tom Foley (D)▌ 6 Norm Dicks (D)▌ 7 Mike Lowry (D)▌ 1 Bob Mollohan (D)▌ 2 Cleve Benedict (R)▌ 3 Mick Staton (R)▌ 4 Nick Rahall (D)▌ 1 Les Aspin (D)▌ 2 Robert Kastenmeier (D)▌ 3 Steve Gunderson (R)▌ 4 Clement J. Zablocki (D)▌ 5 Henry S. Reuss (D)▌ 6 Tom Petri (R)▌ 7 Dave Obey (D)▌ 8 Toby Roth (R)▌ 9 Jim Sensenbrenner (R)▌ At-large Dick Cheney (R)▌ American Samoa Fofó Iosefa Fiti Sunia (D)▌ District of Columbia Walter Fauntroy (D)▌ Guam Antonio Borja Won Pat (D)▌ Virgin Islands Ron de Lugo (D)▌ Puerto Rico Baltasar Corrada del Rio (PNP)House majority leadership
House minority leadership
Changes in membership [ edit ] There were 2 resignations.
Senate changes State Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ e] New Jersey Harrison A. Williams Incumbent resigned March 11, 1982, before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in theAbscam sting operation. Nicholas F. Brady April 12, 1982 New Jersey Nicholas F. Brady Incumbent resigned December 27, 1982, so his elected successor could be appointed for preferential seniority. Frank Lautenberg December 27, 1982
House of Representatives [ edit ] There were 4 deaths, 4 resignations, one declared vacancy, and one party change.
House changes District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ e] Michigan 4th David Stockman (R)Resigned January 27, 1981, after being appointed Director of theOffice of Management and Budget Mark D. Siljander (R)April 21, 1981 Maryland 5th Gladys Spellman (D)Incapacitated since last Congress and seat declared vacant February 24, 1981 Steny Hoyer (D)May 19, 1981 Ohio 4th Tennyson Guyer (R)Died April 12, 1981 Mike Oxley (R)June 25, 1981 Mississippi 4th Jon Hinson (R)Resigned April 13, 1981 Wayne Dowdy (D)July 7, 1981 Pennsylvania 3rd Raymond Lederer (D)Resigned April 29, 1981, before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in theAbscam sting operation Joseph F. Smith (D)July 21, 1981 Connecticut 1st William R. Cotter (D)Died September 8, 1981 Barbara B. Kennelly (D)January 12, 1982 Pennsylvania 25th Eugene Atkinson (D)Changed parties October 14, 1981 Eugene Atkinson (R)October 14, 1981 California 30th George E. Danielson (D)Resigned March 9, 1982, after being appointed associate justice of theCalifornia Courts of Appeal Matthew G. Martínez (D)July 13, 1982 Ohio 17th John M. Ashbrook (R)Died April 24, 1982 Jean Spencer Ashbrook (R)June 29, 1982 New York 14th Fred Richmond (D)Resigned August 25, 1982 Vacant until end of Congress Indiana 1st Adam Benjamin Jr. (D)Died September 7, 1982 Katie Hall (D)November 2, 1982
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
House of Representatives [ edit ] Legislative branch agency directors [ edit ] House of Representatives [ edit ]
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989).The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Martis, Kenneth C. (1982).The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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