| 88th Academy Awards | |
|---|---|
 Official poster | |
| Date | February 28, 2016 |
| Site | Dolby Theatre Hollywood,Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Hosted by | Chris Rock |
| Preshow hosts | |
| Produced by | David Hill Reginald Hudlin |
| Directed by | Glenn Weiss |
| Highlights | |
| Best Picture | Spotlight |
| Most awards | Mad Max: Fury Road (6) |
| Most nominations | The Revenant (12) |
| TV in the United States | |
| Network | ABC |
| Duration | 3 hours, 37 minutes[2] |
| Ratings | 34.42 million 23.4% (Nielsen ratings) |
The88th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the bestfilms of 2015 and took place on February 28, 2016, at theDolby Theatre inHollywood, Los Angeles, 5:30 p.m.PST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presentedAcademy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States byABC, was produced byDavid Hill andReginald Hudlin and directed byGlenn Weiss.[3][4] ActorChris Rock hosted the show for the second time, having previously hosted the77th ceremony held in 2005.[5]
In related events, the academy held its 7th AnnualGovernors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of theHollywood and Highland Center on November 14, 2015.[6] On February 13, 2016, in a ceremony at theBeverly Wilshire Hotel inBeverly Hills, California, theAcademy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hostsOlivia Munn andJason Segel.[7]
Spotlight won two awards, includingBest Picture, making it the first film sinceThe Greatest Show On Earth to win Best Picture while only winning one other award.Mad Max: Fury Road won six awards, the most for the evening.[8]The Revenant earned three awards includingBest Director forAlejandro G. Iñárritu andBest Actor forLeonardo DiCaprio, his first win after five previous nominations spanning two decades.Brie Larson wonBest Actress forRoom, whileMark Rylance andAlicia Vikander won supporting acting honors forBridge of Spies andThe Danish Girl, respectively. The telecast garnered 34.42 million viewers in the United States.[9]
The nominees for the 88th Academy Awards were announced on January 14, 2016, at 5:30 a.m. PST (13:30UTC), at theSamuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by directorsGuillermo del Toro andAng Lee, Academy presidentCheryl Boone Isaacs, and actorJohn Krasinski.[10]The Revenant led all nominees with twelve nominations;Mad Max: Fury Road came in second with ten.[11]
The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 28, 2016.[12] With two Oscars,Spotlight was the first film since 1952'sThe Greatest Show on Earth to win Best Picture with only one other award.[13]Alejandro G. Iñárritu became the third individual to win two consecutive Oscars forBest Director.[N 1][8] By virtue of his previous nomination for his portrayal of thetitular character in 1976'sRocky, Best Supporting Actor nomineeSylvester Stallone was the sixth person to be nominated for playing the same role in two different films.[14]
At the age of 87,Ennio Morricone was believed to be the oldest competitive winner in Oscar history.[N 2][15] Having previously won forGravity andBirdman,Emmanuel Lubezki became the first person to win three consecutiveBest Cinematography awards.[16]
Winners are listed first, highlighted inboldface, and indicated with a double dagger (‡).[17]
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The academy held its 7th AnnualGovernors Awards ceremony on November 14, 2015, during which the following awards were presented:[6]
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The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.[22][23][24]
| Name(s) | Role | Performed |
|---|---|---|
| Harold Wheeler | Musical arranger and conductor | Orchestral |
| Sam Smith | Performer | "Writing's on the Wall" fromSpectre |
| The Weeknd | Performer | "Earned It" fromFifty Shades of Grey |
| Dave Grohl | Performer | "Blackbird" during the annualIn Memoriam tribute |
| Lady Gaga | Performer | "Til It Happens to You" fromThe Hunting Ground |
Due to the mixed reception and lower ratings resulting from theprevious year's ceremony, producersNeil Meron andCraig Zadan declined to helm the upcoming festivities.[25] Shortly afterwards, actorNeil Patrick Harris announced that he would not host the Oscars for a second time. In an interview released fromThe Huffington Post, he said "I don't know that my family nor my soul could take it. It's a beast. It was fun to check off the list, but for the amount of time spent and the understandable opinionated response, I don't know that it's a delightful balance to do every year or even again."[26] In September 2015, AMPAS recruitedDavid Hill andReginald Hudlin as producers of the ceremony.[27] "We're delighted to have this talented team on board," AMPAS presidentCheryl Boone Isaacs said in a press release announcing the decision, "David is a true innovator with a dynamic personality. His vast experience as a live events producer, coupled with Reginald's energy, creativity and talent as a filmmaker, is sure to make this year's Oscar telecast a memorable one."[28]
The following month, Hill and Hudlin selected actor and comedianChris Rock to host the 2016 telecast.[29] They explained their decision to hire Rock back as host saying, "Chris Rock is truly the MVP of the entertainment industry. Comedian, actor, writer, producer, director, documentarian — he's done it all. He's going to be a phenomenal Oscar host!"[5] Rock expressed that he was thrilled to be selected to emcee the gala again, commenting, "I'm so glad to be hosting the Oscars, it's great to be back."[30]
The key art and marketing for the ceremony featured the tagline "We all dream in gold", with print advertising featuring photography of past winners. AMPAS chief marketing officer Christina Kounelias explained that it was meant to reflect the Academy Awards as being both "a symbol of excellence but also this idea of 'If you can dream it, you can achieve it'".[31][32]
Several other individuals participated in the production of the ceremony. Radiodisc jockey and personalityEllen K served as announcer for the show.[33] Byron Phillips andHarold Wheeler were hired as music producer and music director respectively.[4] For a fourth consecutive yearDerek McLane returned to design a new set for the show.[34]Fatima Robinson was in charge of choreography for the broadcast.[34] For the first time, the Oscar statuettes were manufactured by Polich Tallix Fine Art Foundry inRock Tavern, New York.[35] In a further effort to streamline acceptance speeches, dedications were displayed on an on-screenticker, rather than read by the winner.[36] Prior to introducing singerLady Gaga's performance of Best Original Song nominee "Til It Happens to You" from the documentary filmThe Hunting Ground,U.S. Vice PresidentJoe Biden pleaded with viewers to sign an online pledge supporting "It's On Us" to endcampus sexual assault.[37]
Anohni, the firsttransgender person to be nominated for an Academy Award in the Best Original Song category boycotted the ceremony because the producers did not consider her to perform the nominated song on stage, stating: "Everyone told me that I still ought to attend, that a walk down the red carpet would still be 'good for my career'. Last night I tried to force myself to get on the plane to fly to LA for all the nominee events, but the feelings of embarrassment and anger knocked me back, and I couldn't get on the plane." She also added: "I imagined how it would feel for me to sit amongst all those Hollywood stars, some of the brave ones approaching me with sad faces and condolences. There I was, feeling a sting of shame that reminded me of America's earliest affirmations of my inadequacy as a transperson. I turned around at the airport and went back home." Other nominees set to perform included Lady Gaga, Sam Smith, The Weeknd and Dave Grohl, who was not a nominee himself.[38]
| Film | Pre-nomination (before Jan. 14) | Post-nomination (Jan. 14 – Feb. 28) | Post-awards (after Feb. 28) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Martian | $226.6 million | $1.8 million | $53,548 | $228.4 million |
| The Revenant | $54.1 million | $116.5 million | $11.9 million | $182.6 million |
| Mad Max: Fury Road | $153.6 million | -- | -- | $153.6 million |
| Bridge of Spies | $70.8 million | $1.4 million | $49,549 | $72.3 million |
| The Big Short | $44.6 million | $23.9 million | $1.7 million | $70.2 million |
| Spotlight | $28.8 million | $10.3 million | $5.5 million | $44.6 million |
| Brooklyn | $22.8 million | $13.7 million | $1.6 million | $38.1 million |
| Room | $5.2 million | $8.2 million | $1.2 million | $14.7 million |
At the time of the nominations announcement on January 14, 2016, the combined gross of the eight Best Picture nominees at the American and Canadian box offices was $607 million, with an average of $75.8 million per film.[40] When the nominations were announced on January 14, 2016,The Martian was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $226.6 million in domestic box office receipts.[39]Mad Max: Fury Road was the second-highest-grossing film with $153.6 million; this was followed byBridge of Spies ($70.7 million),The Revenant ($54.1 million),The Big Short ($44.6 million),Spotlight ($28.8 million),Brooklyn ($22.7 million), andRoom ($5.1 million).[39]
Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 46 nominations went to 11 films on the list. OnlyInside Out (4th),The Martian (8th),Straight Outta Compton (18th),The Revenant (15th),Mad Max: Fury Road (21st),Creed (29th), andBridge of Spies (42nd) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature, or any of the directing, acting, or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations wereStar Wars: The Force Awakens (1st),Cinderella (9th),Spectre (10th), andFifty Shades of Grey (17th).[41]
Shortly after the nominations were announced, many news media outlets observed that there was a lack of racial diversity amongst the nominees in major categories. For the second consecutive year, all twenty acting nominees and four out of the five directors nominated wereCaucasian, despite the Academy president saying the previous year that they would take steps to be more representative of different ethnicities.[42][43] Activist and former attorneyApril Reign, who was credited with starting thehashtag #OscarsSoWhite, tweeted, "It's actually worse than last year. Best Documentary and Best Original Screenplay. That's it. #OscarsSoWhite." She also noted that while the Caucasian screenwriters of the filmStraight Outta Compton earned nominations, theAfrican American cast of the film was overlooked.[44] As a result, the academy was ridiculed again over social media with the aforementioned hashtag.[45] Moreover, actressJada Pinkett Smith and director and newly mintedHonorary Oscar recipientSpike Lee announced plans to boycott the ceremony and encouraged others to not watch the telecast in protest of the lack of diversity.[46] Actor and modelTyrese Gibson and rapper50 Cent also pressured Chris Rock to drop out of his Oscar hosting duties.[47]
In response to the criticism, several individuals including AMPAS members voiced their opinions regarding the lack of diversity. Some members defended the academy saying that the nominations are based on performance and merit, not race. ActressPenelope Ann Miller responded to the criticism by stating "I voted for a number of black performers, and I was sorry they weren't nominated. To imply that this is because all of us are racists is extremely offensive. I don't want to be lumped into a category of being a racist because I'm certainly not and because I support and benefit from the talent of black people in this business. It was just an incredibly competitive year."[48] In an interview with a French radio station, Best Actress nomineeCharlotte Rampling said efforts to stage a boycott of the Oscars were "racist to whites."[49] Oscar winning producerGerald R. Molen commented, "There is no racism except for those who create an issue. That is the worst kind. Using such an ugly way of complaining," He also denounced members criticizing the academy's choices as "spoiled brats."[50]
Others agreed that the academy had a diversity problem and supported efforts towards change. Best Supporting Actress winnerLupita Nyong'o wrote, "I am disappointed by the lack of inclusion in this year's Academy Awards nominations. It has me thinking about unconscious prejudice and what merits prestige in our culture." She concluded by saying, "I stand with my peers who are calling for change in expanding the stories that are told and recognition of the people who tell them."[51] In aFacebook post, Best Actress winnerReese Witherspoon expressed her frustration with the lack of diversity among the nominees and added, "Nothing can diminish the quality of their work, but these filmmakers deserve recognition. As an Academy member, I would love to see a more diverse voting membership."[52] During an interview with a reporter,PresidentBarack Obama commented on the controversy saying, "I think when everybody's story is told, then that makes for better art. That makes for better entertainment. It makes everybody feel part of one American family. So I think, as a whole, the industry should do what every other industry should do, which is to look for talent, provide opportunity to everybody."[53]
A week after the nominations announcement, the academy announced several rules changes regarding membership in hopes of increasing the number of women and non-white members in the membership by 2020. Beginning in 2016, new members would earn Oscar voting privileges for the next ten years. After that time period, those members may retain voting privileges for another ten years if they have remained active in the motion picture industry. Members would earn lifetime voting privileges if they have served three consecutive ten-year voting eligibility terms or have earned or won an Academy Award.[54] Issacs justified the academy's decision to overhaul the membership requirements saying, "The Academy is going to lead and not wait for the industry to catch up; these new measures regarding governance and voting will have an immediate impact and begin the process of significantly changing our membership composition."[55] Furthermore, the academy would establish three new governor seats that will be nominated by Isaacs and confirmed by the Board.[56] However, the academy's actions also include taking away the membership rights of academy members who have not recently worked in the industry, such as actorBill Mumy and award-winning screenwriter Patricia Resnick. "Replacing sexism and racism withageism is not the answer," Resnick said.[57]
On the morning of the Oscars, theNational Action Network led by civil rights activistAl Sharpton held a protest a few blocks from theDolby Theatre regarding the Oscar's diversity problems. "You are out of time," Sharpton said in a rebuke to the academy. "We are not going to allow the Oscars to continue. This will be the last night of an all-white Oscars."[58] In addition, African-American filmmakersRyan Coogler andAva DuVernay held a charity event addressing thewater crisis inFlint, Michigan, called#JusticeForFlint, on the same night as the Oscars.[59] Despite organizers insisting that the event was being held almost simultaneously with the Oscars, many viewed it as an alternative to watching the ceremony.[60]
The omission ofCarol from Best Picture and Best Director categories prompted speculation from journalists about the perceived indifference of theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences toward female- and LGBT-centered films.[61][62][63][64] Nate Scott ofUSA Today called it "the standout snub" of the ceremony, "one made all the more ridiculous because of the bloated Best Picture field".[65] Nico Lang ofThe A.V. Club said that despite the film having been considered a "lock" for a Best Picture nomination, the omission "shouldn't have been a major shock" given the controversy overBrokeback Mountain's loss a decade earlier.[66] Jason Bailey ofFlavorwire said that most Best Picture nominees that include gay themes "put them firmly in the realm of subplots". "Carol's most transgressive quality", he declared, "is its refusal to engage in such shenanigans; this is a film about full-blooded gay lives, not tragic gay deaths."[67]
AtHitFix,Louis Virtel suggested that Academy members' reception of the film was hurt by its focus on self-determined women.[68] Matthew Jacobs ofThe Huffington Post expressed similar sentiments and felt that the academy's artistic tastes were "too conventional to recognize its brilliance".[69] Richard Lawson ofVanity Fair said that although its "themes of passion and heartache may be universal" the film may be "too gay", speaking "in a vernacular that, I'd guess, only queer people are fully fluent in." He added that the lack of "gushing melodrama" put the film at a disadvantage.[70] Dorothy Snarker ofIndieWire attributed the omissions to the academy's demographics. Snarker agreed thatCarol may be too gay and too female "for the largely old white male voting base" to connect with. She also considered that the successes of the LGBT rights movement in the U.S. may have partly been responsible for the lack of "political urgency" around the film.[71]
AtThe Advocate, Rebekah Allen argued that "there are those who simply do not want to see a lesbian love story on screen."[72] Trish Bendix ofAfterEllen said that the Best Picture snub was a "reminder of the patriarchal society we continue to live in, where films that create a space for women to live happily without men and without punishment will not be rewarded."[73] Marcie Bianco ofQuartz described the film as "centered around women's desire" and structured in a way that "elevates the power of women's gaze". The omission from Best Picture, she concluded, illustrates "yet again how sexism operates in the world, and in the Academy specifically, as the refusal to see women as protagonists and agents of desire."[74] InPaper magazine, Carey O'Donnell observed that gay romances are only "Oscar surefires" when they use the tragedy-desolation-demise "equation", and that "a depiction of two strong women in love with each other ... seems to still be troubling to many".[75] David Ehrlich ofRolling Stone wrote that the film's "patience and precision" did not conform to Academy tastes, but its legacy "will doubtlessly survive this year's most egregious snub".[76] Todd Haynes said that he thought having two female leads was "a factor" in the omission.[77]
During the show, Rock introduced onstage three children of Asian heritage posing as accountants forPricewaterhouseCoopers, saying: "They sent us their most dedicated, accurate, and hard-working representatives... Please welcome Ming Zhu, Bao Ling and David Moskowitz." He also added, "If anybody's upset about that joke, just tweet about it on your phone that was also made by these kids."[78] In response to the segment, U.S. CongresswomanJudy Chu expressed her disappointment at Rock, broadcaster ABC, and AMPAS in a press release that read, "It is not right to protest the exclusion of one group by making jokes at the expense of another. I am so disappointed that the Academy and ABC would rely on such offensive characterizations, especially given the controversy over the lack of diversity."[79] ActressConstance Wu tweeted, "To parade little kids on stage [with] no speaking lines merely to be the butt of a racist joke is reductive & gross."[80] Furthermore, 25 AMPAS members of Asian descent, including actorsNancy Kwan,Sandra Oh, andGeorge Takei, and directorAng Lee, signed a letter condemning Rock's skit, saying: "In light of criticism over #OscarsSoWhite, we were hopeful that the telecast would provide the Academy a way forward and the chance to present a spectacular example of inclusion and diversity. Instead, the Oscars show was marred by a tone-deaf approach to its portrayal of Asians."[81]
In a phone interview with theAssociated Press, Academy President Isaacs apologized for the joke, stating, "I can understand the feelings, and we are setting up a meeting to discuss, because, as you well know, no one sets out to be offensive, and I'm very sorry that has happened. I think so much is achieved with dialogue, so much is achieved. And that is what we'll continue to do: have dialogue, listen, and just keep fixing."[82]
The show received a mixed reception from media publications. A few media outlets reviewed the broadcast more positively with some praise for Rock. Television criticMary McNamara of theLos Angeles Times remarked: "Rock's Oscars had some of the most powerful moments seen in the telecast's history." She concluded that, "After years of being dissed for its irrelevance, this year's Oscars took action. The results were mixed, to be sure, and Rock did not ever settle into his usual balance of outrage and humanity."[83]The New York Times columnistJames Poniewozik commented, "With Chris Rock, the Oscars find a lucky pairing of host and subject." In addition, he wrote, "His performance was an example of something the industry is still trying to learn: that you can achieve both inclusion and entertainment by giving the right person just the right opportunity."[84]The Denver Post's Joanne Ostrow wrote, "Chris Rock poked the elephant in the room at the 2016 Academy Awards, prodded it again and again, and never let up."[85]
Others were more critical of the show.The Hollywood Reporter columnist Daniel Feinberg remarked, "Chris Rock led a telecast that had important things to say, but still felt endless." In addition, Feinberg called the ceremony "overstuffed" and the on-screen running scroll a "total failure".[86] Frazier Moore of theAssociated Press quipped, "When Rock was absent, languor prevailed." He added, "One other beef: The attempt to banish the names of those thanked by winners to a text crawl at the bottom of the screen. If viewers wanted to watch a channel with annoying and distracting text at the bottom of the screen, they'd just tune to a cable-news channel."[87]Orlando Sentinel television critic Hal Boedeker gave high marks toward Rock but commented, "No host, no matter how gifted, can transform the lumbering format into a scintillating event." He ended his comments by stating, "Staging a more entertaining Oscar telecast. Why must the show be a slog?"[88]
The American telecast on ABC drew 34.42 million people over its length, which was a 4% decrease from theprevious year's ceremony.[9] An estimated 58 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards.[89] The telecast also garnered lowerNielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with a 23.4 household rating.[90] In addition, the program scored lower in the 18-49 demo rating with a 10.5 rating over a 31% share.[9] It was the lowest viewership for an Academy Awards telecast since the80th ceremony, held in 2008.[9]
In July 2016, the ceremony presentation received nine nominations for the68th Primetime Emmys.[91] The following month, the ceremony did not win any of the nominations.[92]
The annual "In Memoriam" tribute was presented by actorLouis Gossett Jr.[23][93] SingerDave Grohl performedThe Beatles' song "Blackbird" during the tribute.[24]
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