| 7th Operations Group | |
|---|---|
 A 7th Operations GroupB-1B Lancer releases aJoint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile over theWhite Sands Missile Range, NM | |
| Active | 6 September 1918 – present (105 years, 11 months) Detailed
|
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force (18 September 1947 – present) United States Army ( Army Air Forces, 20 June 1941 – 18 September 1947;.svg) Army Air Corps, 2 July 1926 – 20 June 1941; Army Air Service, 6 September 1918 – 2 July 1926) |
| Part of |  7th Bomb Wing |
| Garrison/HQ | Dyess Air Force Base, Texas. |
| Motto | Mors Ab AltoLatin Death from Above |
| Engagements |  World War I
|
| Decorations |  Distinguished Unit Citation  Air Force Outstanding Unit Award |
| Insignia | |
| 7th Operations Group emblem[note 1] |  |
| 7th Bombardment Group emblem(approved 30 January 1933)[2] |  |
| Tail Code | DY |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Bomber | B-1B Lancer |
The7th Operations Group is the operational flying component of theUnited States Air Force7th Bomb Wing, stationed atDyess Air Force Base, Texas. The 7th Operations Group currently flies theB-1 Lancer.
The 7th Operations Group is a direct successor organization of the7th Bombardment Group, one of the 15 original combat air groups formed by theUnited States Army beforeWorld War II.
Activated in 1921, it inherited the lineage of the1st Army Observation Group, which was established and organized, on 6 September 1918. The 7th Bombardment Group was deploying to thePhilippines when theImperial Japanese Navy Air Service attackedPearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Six of the group'sB-17 Flying Fortress aircraft which had leftHamilton Field, California on 6 December 1941 reached Hawaii during the enemy attack, but were able to land safely. The unit later served inIndia duringWorld War II.
In the postwar era, the 7d Bombardment Group was one of the first USAAF units assigned to theStrategic Air Command on 1 October 1946, prior to the establishment of theUnited States Air Force. Equipped with low-hourB-29 Superfortress surplus World War II aircraft, the group was inactivated in 1952 when the parent wing adopted the Tri-Deputate organization and assigned all of the group's squadrons directly to the wing.
Reactivated as the 7th Operations Group in 1991 when the 7th Bomb Wing adopted the USAF Objective organization plan.
The 7 OG (Tail Code: DY) consists of the following units:
Both the 9th and 28th Bomb Squadrons fought in combat on theWestern Front ofWorld War I, and histories predate that of the Operations Group.
The group's emblem, approved in 1933, features three crosses symbolizing its squadrons' battle honors. The diagonal stripe was taken from the coat of arms of Province of Lorraine which France took back from Germany in World War I.
In the summer of 1918 and the organization of the United States First Army in France, theFirst Army Observation Group was organized atGondreville-sur-Moselle Aerodrome on 6 September. The group initially consisted of the91st and24th Aero Squadrons, which flew over the front into enemy territory. Aircraft from the group took numerous air photos and compiled maps of enemy troop concentrations, road convoys, railway traffic, artillery and other targets during theBattle of Saint-Mihiel in mid-September.[3]
On 22 September, the group changed stations, moving toVavincourt Aerodrome. At Vavincourt, the9th Aero Squadron (Night Observation) was assigned to the unit. With the addition of the 9th, both day and night patrols were made over enemy territory, with intelligence being returned to First Army headquarters. The duties of the group consisted of long-distance patrols far into the enemy rear areas, both visual and photographic. Special attention was paid to enemy movements on roads, canals and railways. Railway stations and marshalling yards were noted, along with supply depots, airfields and munition storage areas. Once located, they were kept under routine observation. Also, the locations of enemy heavy artillery batteries were monitored and their movements recorded.[3]
The First Army OG flew no less than 521 successful missions, with a total of 1,271 sorties being made. Daily battles with enemy aircraft were engaged, with the group shooting down 50 aircraft in 111 aerial combats. With the Armistice with Germany being reached on 11 November 1918, the group ceased flying into enemy territory, but maintained an alert for several weeks afterward.[3]
After World War I, the Army Air Service was re-organized on a permanent basis. The1st Army Observation Group was organized at Park Field, Memphis, Tennessee on 1 October 1919. It was transferred toLangley Field, Virginia and was assigned the1st,12th and88th Aero Squadrons, equipped with surplusde Havilland DH-4s. On 14 March 1921, with the formation of theUnited States Army Air Service, it was re-designated as the7th Observation Group. It was inactivated due to funding issues on 30 August 1921.[4]
The group was re-formed atRockwell Field, San Diego, California and activated on 1 June 1928. The re-formed Group was assigned the 9th, 11th, 22d and 31st Bombardment Squadrons. The 9th, 11th and 31st squadrons lent their World War I lineage to the group's emblem as indicated by the threeMaltese Crosses on the shield. While the group was assigned at Rockwell Field, the fledgling Air Force was testing new theories and ideas. In early 1931, the 7th began training aircrews in radio-controlled interception. A bomber, acting as a target, reported by radio to a ground station, giving location, altitude and course. Armed with this information, ground controllers guided pursuit aircraft to the objective.[4]
The 7th was transferred toMarch Field, Riverside California, on 29 October 1931 with its 11th Squadron joining the 9th and 31st Bombardment Squadrons which had been activated on 1 April 1931, but had not been manned. TheCurtiss B-2 Condor was flown by the 11th; the 9th flew theKeystone B-4; while the 31st flew 0-35s, B-1s, and B-7s. A sprinkling of other aircraft types from the era was also found among the squadrons.[4]
The 7th trained and participated in aerial reviews, assisted in atmospheric experiments, dropped food and medical supplies to people marooned or lost, and took part in massive Army maneuvers during the 1930s flyingCurtiss andKeystone biplane bombers, thenMartin B-12s,[4]
For 102 days in 1934 the Army Air Corps flew domestic air mail routes, assigned to the job by an executive order from the White House. This followed a year long investigation that alleged fraud and collusion among the dozen or so airlines who hauled the mail for a subsidy of fifty four cents per mile flown.[4]
Following the closure ofRockwell Field in San Diego, the 7th had to make room at March for the 19th Bomb Group. Overcrowding at March and the opening of the new Hamilton Field near San Francisco led the group to be transferred on 22 May 1937 and equipped with B-18 Bolos. Equipped with the new B-17C in 1939, runway issues at Hamilton Field forced a transfer to Fort Douglas/Salt Lake City Municipal Airport, Utah on 1 September 1940 which could better handle the large, heavy bombers. In Utah, the group was re-equipped with the B-17E – the first Fortress to introduce a completely new rear fuselage with a manually operated turret housing two 0.50-inch machine guns fitted in the extreme tail.[4]
With the crisis in the Pacific in late 1941, ground elements departed from Fort Douglas 13 November 1941 and sailed from the port of San Francisco on 21 November on an army transport en route to the Philippines. Aircraft and crews began departing Muroc Field, CA, on 6 December en route to Hawaii. Elements of the group flew their B-17s into Hickam Field at the height of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.[4]
The group was in the process of moving to thePhilippines when theJapanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Six of the Group's B-17 aircraft left Utah on 5 December for deployment to the Far East. Six of them arrived in Hawaii but landed safely at alternate airfields, avoiding destruction by the attacking Japanese aircraft. The rest of them were ordered to defend California against the Japanese threat, since in the hysteria of the moment the Japanese fleet was expected to show up off thePacific Coast at any time.
The ground echelon, on board a ship in the Pacific Ocean, was diverted toBrisbane, Australia. The air echelon moved its B-17Es via North Africa andIndia toJava, where from 14 January to 1 March 1942, it operated against the Japanese advancing through thePhilippines andNetherlands East Indies. Received theDistinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its action against enemy aircraft, ground installations, warships and transports.
The group's B-17Es were distributed to other bomb squadrons in Australia, and the air echelon was reunited with the ground echelon in India in March 1942, being equipped with longer-rangeB-24 Liberators. From bases in India, the group resumed combat underTenth Air Force against targets inBurma. It receivedB-25 Mitchells and LB-30s in early 1942 but by the end of the year had converted entirely to B-24s. From then through September 1945, bombed airfields, fuel and supply dumps, locomotive works, railways, bridges, docks, warehouses, shipping, and troop concentrations in Burma and struck oil refineries inThailand, power plants in China and enemy shipping in theAndaman Sea. Ceased bombing operations in late May 1945 and was attached to theAir Transport Command to haul gasoline over "The Hump" from India to China. Received second DUC for damaging enemy's line of supply in Southeast Asia with an attack against rail lines and bridges inThailand on 19 March 1945. Returned to US in December 1945 and inactivated the following month.
Activated on 1 October 1946 as a B-29 bombardment group and trained with B-29s in global bombardment operations, November 1947 – December 1948. Personnel and aircraft of the new group, consisting of theBoeingB-29 Superfortress, were transferred to Fort Worth Army Airfield (renamedCarswell Air Force Base on 29 January 1948) from the92nd Bombardment Group atSpokane AAFld,Washington.
With its B-29s, the 7th prepared its people for any combat eventuality that might arise, flying simulated bombing missions over various cities. On 5 July 1947, a flight of eight B-29s of the 492nd Bomb Squadron deployed from Fort Worth AAF toYokota AB, Japan. Shortly after this the detachment received orders to redeploy to Fort Worth AAF via Washington, D.C. The aircraft left Yokota AB on 2 August, flew over theAleutian Islands, then intoAnchorage,Alaska. From Anchorage the flight flew overEdmonton, Alberta, Canada, turned south and flew overMinnesota andWisconsin. The bombers flew a low-level flight betweenThe Pentagon andWashington Monument in the Capitol on 3 August. Completing this aerial demonstration, they headed for Fort Worth, landing 31 hours after launch from Japan and covering 7,086 miles.
On 12 September, the group deployed 30 B-29s to Giebelstadt Army Airfield, nearWürzburg,West Germany. This flight was the largest bomber formation flown from Fort Worth AAF overseas to date, landing in Germany on 13 September. During their ten-day stay, the group bombers participated in training operations over Europe, as well as a show-of-force display by the United States in the early part of theCold War with theSoviet Union. The flight redeployed from Germany on 23 September.
On 17 November 1947, the7th Bombardment Wing was established to organize and train a force capable of immediate and sustained long range offensive warfare and operations in any part of the world. The 7th Bombardment Group became its operational component. The wing's mission was to prepare for global strategic bombardment in the event of hostilities. Under various designations, the 7th Bomb Wing flew a wide variety of aircraft at the base until its inactivation in 1993.
In June 1948 the firstConsolidated B-36A Peacekeeper was delivered. The first B-36 was designated the "City of Fort Worth" (AF Serial No. 44-92015), and was assigned to the 492d Bomb Squadron. With the arrival of the B-36s, the wing was redesignated as the7th Bombardment Wing, Heavy on 1 August. B-36s continued to arrive throughout 1948, with the last B-29 being transferred on 6 December to the97th Bomb Group atBiggs AFB. For 10 years, the "Peacemaker" cast a large shadow on the Iron Curtain and served as our nations major deterrent weapons system.
As part of the 7th Bomb Wing, the 11th Bomb Group was activated on 1 December with the 26th, 42nd, and 98th Bomb Squadrons, Heavy, were activated and assigned. The 11th Bomb Group was equipped with B-36As for training purposes. A five ship B-36 formation was flown on 15 January 1949, in an air review over Washington, D.C., commemorating the inauguration of the President of the United States,Harry S. Truman.
In February 1949, aB-50 Superfortress (developed from the famed B-29) and namedLucky Lady II took off fromCarswell Air Force Base for the first nonstop flight around the world. She returned to Carswell after mid-air refueling, flying 23,108 miles, and remaining aloft for ninety-four hours and one minute.
In January 1951, the 7th took part in a special training mission to the United Kingdom. The purpose of the mission was to evaluate the B-36D under simulated war plan conditions. Also, further evaluate the equivalent airspeed and compression tactics for heavy bombardment aircraft. The aircraft, staging throughLimestone AFB, Maine, would land atRAF Lakenheath, United Kingdom, following a night radar bombing attack onHelgoland, West Germany. From there the bombers would conduct a simulated bomb run on theHeston Bomb Plot, London, finally landing at RAF Lakenheath.
This was the first deployment of wing and SAC B-36 aircraft to England and Europe. For the next four days the flight flew sorties out of England. The aircraft redeployed to the states on 20 January arriving at Carswell on 21 January.
On 16 February 1951 became a paper organization. With all assigned flying squadrons reassigned directly to the 7 Bombardment Wing as part of the Tri-Deputate organization plan adopted by the wing. The group inactivated on 16 June 1952.
As part of a major Air Force-wide reorganization due to the implementation of the Objective Wing organization, the Group was redesignated7th Operations Group and again became the combat element of the 7th Wing.[5] It controlled two B-52 squadrons and one KC-135 air refueling squadron. When flying operations ended at Carswell AFB, TX in December 1992, the group inactivated the following month.
Upon activation of the 7th Wing at Dyess AFB, TX on 1 October 1993, the group again activated as the combat element of the wing. Equipped with B-1B and C-130 aircraft, the group's mission included bombardment and tactical airlift. It lost its airlift responsibilities in April 1997. At that time it also gained a conventional bombing mission. In November 1998, deployed several aircraft toOman in support ofOperation Desert Fox, where the B-1 flew its first combat missions on 17 and 18 December 1998.
Since 1999, trained bomber aircrews for global conventional bombing.
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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