728th Airlift Squadron | |
|---|---|
 446th Airlift WingC-17A Globemaster III[a] | |
| Active | 1943–1945; 1947–1952; 1952–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Airlift |
| Part of | Air Force Reserve Command |
| Garrison/HQ | McChord Air Force Base |
| Nickname | Flying Knights[citation needed] |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Meritorious Unit Award Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Lt Col Roderick Morris[citation needed] |
| Insignia | |
| 728th Airlift Squadron emblem[b][1] |  |
| 728th Bombardment Squadron emblem[c][2] |  |
| World War II fuselage code[3][d] | 9Z |
The728th Airlift Squadron is aUnited States Air Force Reserve squadron, assigned to the446th Operations Group, stationed atMcChord Field,Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington. It is anassociate unit of the active duty8th Airlift Squadron of the62d Airlift Wing.
The squadron was first activated as the728th Bombardment Squadron in 1943. After training in the United States with theBoeing B-17 Flying Fortress, the squadron deployed to theEuropean Theater of Operations, participating in thestrategic bombing campaign against Germany. It earned aDistinguished Unit Citation (DUC) during an attack on a Germanjet fighter base nearKaltenkirchen in April 1945. FollowingV-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated.
The squadron was activated again in thereserves in 1947. Two years later, it began to train withDouglas B-26 Invaders. In August 1950, the squadron was one of the first reserve unitsmobilized for theKorean War. After filling its ranks and undergoing intensive training, the squadron deployed toFar East Air Forces and began flying combat missions. It was awarded two additional DUCs for its operations in Korea. In May 1952, the squadron was inactivated and its personnel and equipment were transferred to a regular unit that was simultaneously activated.
The squadron was activated in the reserves again two months later as the728th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron. It returned to thelight bomber mission in 1955, but the Air Force's reserve units were converting to theairlift mission, and the squadron became the728th Troop Carrier Squadron in July 1957, and has served in tactical and strategic airlift roles since then.
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The mission of the 728th is to provide mission-ready aircrews for operational support for strategic and tacticalairlift, combatairdrop andaeromedical evacuation in support ofU.S. Air Force,Air Force Reserve Command and gaining major command objectives.
Thesquadron was first activated in June 1943 atGeiger Field, Washington, as one of the four original squadrons of the452d Bombardment Group. Later that month, it moved toRapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota and began to train with theBoeing B-17 Flying Fortress. It continued training withSecond Air Force until December, when it began its movement to theEuropean Theater of Operations.[1][5] The ground echelon staged throughCamp Shanks and sailed on theRMS Queen Elizabeth on 2 January 1944. The air echelon deployed via theSouth Atlantic air ferry route in World War II[6]
The squadron established itself atRAF Deopham Green in January 1944, and began operations on 4 February 1944 with a strike on an aircraft assembly plant nearBrunswick. Its strategic targets included railroadmarshalling yards nearFrankfurt, aircraft factories nearRegensberg andKassel. theball bearing factory atSchweinfurt and anoil refinery nearBohlen.[5] In September 1944, the squadron participated in the third shuttle mission, strikingChemnitz before landing in bases in the Soviet Union.[7]
The 728th was occasionally diverted to support tactical operations. It hitairfields,V-weapon launching sites, bridges and other objectives in preparations forOperation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. It bombed enemy positions to supportOperation Cobra, the breakout atSaint Lo in July 1944 and the attacks onBrest, France in August. It supportedOperation Market Garden,airborne attacks in the Netherlands in September and, during theBattle of the Bulge, struck Germanlines of communication. It struck an airfield to supportOperation Varsity, the airborne assault across theRhine.[5]
Shortly before the end of the war, on 7 April, the squadron struck thejet fighter base atKaltenkirchen, pressing the attack despite strong fighter opposition, earning aDistinguished Unit Citation. It flew its last mission of the war on 21 April against marshalling yards atIngolstadt.[5]
AfterV-E Day, in August 1945, the squadron returned to the United States (the ground echelon once again sailed on the RMSQueen Elizabeth)[6] and was inactivated atSioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota.[1]
_Korea_May1951.jpg)
The squadron was reactivated in thereserve atLong Beach Army Air Field, California, in 1947 as a very heavy bomber squadron, but conducted proficiency flying with a variety of trainer airplanes under the supervision of the 416th AAF Base Unit (later the 2347th Air Force Reserve Training Center).[8][9] In a 1949 reorganization of the reserves, it became alight bomber squadron and began to equip and train withDouglas B-26 Invaders, although its manning was limited to 25% of its authorized strength.[10][e]
The squadron was mobilized for theKorean War in August 1950 in the first wave of reservemobilizations. To help bring it up to strength, the squadron was augmented by reservists assigned to the448th Bombardment Wing, which was also stationed at Long Beach, but remained in reserve status until the following year.[11] The 728th was a squadron of one of the first two reserve wings to be mobilized,[f] and administrative provisions for mobilization proved inadequate, and numerous reservists never received the telegrams calling them to active duty.[12]
The unit moved toGeorge Air Force Base, California, for intensive training and to be brought up to full strength. In October, the squadron deployed toItazuke Air Base, Japan to begin combat operations.[1] It entered combat two days later, depending on support from organizations already in theater and not waiting for support from the 452d Wing's ground echelon, which arrived by ship in November.[13] The squadron operated from Japan and later from the southern tip of Korea. The squadron flew armed reconnaissance, intruder andinterdiction missions. It supported ground troops and attacked tactical targets.
On 23 March 1951, the squadron led troop carrier aircraft carrying the187th Airborne Infantry Regiment in an aerial assault onMunsan-ni, strafing the front lines of theChinese Communist Forces and dropping bombs on enemy targets.[13] Prior to June 1951, the squadron had been conducting strikes primarily in the daytime. However, due to the extent of enemy night movements, after June, the 728th focused on night operations.[14] In May 1952, the squadron was inactivated and returned to the reserve. Its mission, personnel and aircraft were transferred to the34th Bombardment Squadron, which was simultaneously activated atPusan East (K-9) Air Base, South Korea.[1][15]
The squadron was redesignated the728th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron and activated in June 1952 at Long Beach, where it absorbed some of the resources of the 921st Reserve Training Wing, which was inactivated. The reserve mobilization for the Korean War, however, had left the reserve without aircraft, and the unit did not receive aircraft until July 1952.[16] Despite its tactical reconnaissance name, it was first equipped withCurtiss C-46 Commando transports. The following year, it began to equip with a mix of aircraft, including The B-26 andNorth American F-51 Mustang. In 1954 it received its first jets,Lockheed F-80 Shooting Stars.[1][17]
In 1955, the squadron once again became the728th Bombardment Squadron and trained with the Invader as a tactical bombardment unit.[17] However, at this time, theJoint Chiefs of Staff were pressuring the Air Force to provide more wartime airlift. At the same time, about 150Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars became available from the active force. Consequently, in November 1956 the Air Force directedContinental Air Command ConAC to convert units to the troop carrier mission by September 1957.[18] In July 1957, the squadron became the728th Troop Carrier Squadron.[1]
As a troop carrier squadron the unit transitioned to the C-119 and flew them from Long Beach until reserve flying operations there ended in the fall of 1960 and the452d Troop Carrier Wing moved toMarch Air Force Base. The squadron had been assigned directly to the wing since April 1959, when ConAC converted its flying wings to the dual deputy organization[g] and inactivated the 452d Troop Carrier Group.[1][17] At March, in place of active duty support for reserve units, ConAC used theAir Reserve Technician Program, in which acadre of the unit consisted of full-time personnel who were simultaneously civilian employees of the Air Force and held rank as members of the reserves.[19]
Since 1955, the Air Force had been detaching Air Force Reserve squadrons from their parent wing locations to separate sites. The concept offered several advantages: communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning. In time, the detached squadron program proved successful in attracting additional participants.[20] Although the dispersal of flying units was not a problem when the entire wing was called to active service, mobilizing a single flying squadron and elements to support it proved difficult. This weakness was demonstrated in the partial mobilization of reserve units during theBerlin Crisis of 1961. To resolve this, at the start of 1962, ConAC determined to reorganize its reserve wings by establishinggroups with support elements for each of its troop carrier squadrons. This reorganization would facilitate mobilization of elements of wings in various combinations when needed. However, as this plan was entering its implementation phase, another partial mobilization occurred for theCuban Missile Crisis.[21] The formation of new troop carrier groups was delayed until January for wings that had not been mobilized.[21] The942d Troop Carrier Group was formed at March on 17 January as the headquarters for the 728th and its supporting units.[17][1]
In August 1965, the squadron received its firstC-124 Globemaster II aircraft and began to transition from the tactical to the strategic airlift mission.[citation needed] In December, its mission formally changed and it became the728th Air Transport Squadron, but a month later, in an Air Force wide change of names later became the728th Military Airlift Squadron. The 728th flew regular missions in the Pacific and Far East theaters. The support these missions provided for the Republic of Vietnam resulted in the award of theVietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm to the squadron.[1]
In March 1968, the squadron and its parent 942d Military Airlift Group moved theirDouglas C-124 Globemaster IIs from March toNorton Air Force Base, California.[1] As the Globemaster was retired,Air Force Reserve formedassociate units. In this program reserve units flew and maintained aircraft owned by an associated regular unit.[22] In January 1972, the 728th was reassigned to the associate944th Military Airlift Group and began transition training to fly theLockheed C-141 Starlifter. The following year, Air Force Reserve inactivated its reserve associate groups and the squadron was assigned directly to the445th Military Airlift Wing.[1]
The 728th participated inOperation Homecoming, bringing home theprisoners of war from Southeast Asia,[1] andOperation New Life which supported the evacuation of orphans and other refugees from Vietnam to the United States. In 1989 the 728th flew many missions in support ofOperation Just Cause in Panama and flew airlift missions into Southwest Asia in support ofOperations Desert Shield and Desert Storm in 1991.[citation needed]
As a result of the closure of Norton as part of theUnited States Department of Defense's1988 Base Realignment and Closure Commission program, on 1 January 1992, the 728th moved toMcChord Air Force Base, Washington, where it was assigned to the446th Military Airlift Wing. The 728th was renamed the728th Airlift Squadron on 1 February 1992 following the reorganization of the 446th Airlift Wing under the Objective Wing system, it was joined by the97th and313th Airlift Squadrons within the reactivated446th Operations Group.[1][23]
Since arriving at McChord in January 1992, the 728th has participated in numerous real world contingency, peacekeeping, and humanitarian relief missions. In addition, the 728th provides active support for Phoenix Banner, Copper and Silver missions.[clarification needed What are these?] The 728th's highest priority missions assist in the support of the president and vice president as well as secret service operations. In January 1997, a 728th crew repatriated the remains of five U.S. service members form Beijing, China, members of theConsolidated B-24J Liberator bomber crew that crashed near Liuchouw, China in August 1944 after returning from a bombing mission.[citation needed]
The squadron was selected as the first of three associate reserve squadrons to transition to theBoeing C-17 Globemaster III. The first C-17 was delivered McChord 30 July 1999. The squadron's first operational C-17 mission, in November 1999, was a mission toHanoi, Vietnam, where remains of 11 American servicemen, from the Korean War and theVietnam War, were repatriated at the same time – the first time remains from two separate wars were repatriated on the same mission.[citation needed]
On 14 February 2003, the 728th was mobilized to support OperationsEnduring Freedom (OEF) andIraqi Freedom (OIF).[citation needed] From February 2003 until 13 February 2005, 728th aircrews flew combat airlift missions into Iraq and Afghanistan, performing engine running onloads/offloads of troops and equipment and flying aeromedical evacuation missions of wounded personnel. Members of the 728th also participated in the combat airdrop of the173d Airborne Brigade over northern Iraq on 26 March 2003 as. The 728th received theAir Force Meritorious Unit Award for the period from 14 February 2003 to 13 February 2005[24] for its support of OEF and OIF.[citation needed]
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| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Distinguished Unit Citation | 7 April 1945 | Germany 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Distinguished Unit Citation | 9 July-27 November 1951 | Korea 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Distinguished Unit Citation | 28 November 1951-30 April 1952 | Korea 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 | Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 14 February 2003–13 February 2005 | 728th Airlift Squadron[24] |
| Air Force Meritorious Unit Award | 1 October 2006–30 September 2007 | 728th Airlift Squadron[1] |
 | Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1985-31 August 1987 | 728th Military Airlift Squadron[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 January-31 July 1992 | 728th Military Airlift Squadron (later 728th Airlift Squadron)[1] |
| Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1999-31 August 2000 | 728th Airlift Squadron[1] |
 | Korean Presidential Unit Citation | 31 October 1950-27 October 1951 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 | Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm | 1 January 1967-28 January 1973 | 728th Military Airlift Squadron[1] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Air Offensive, Europe | 8 January 1944 – 5 June 1944 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Air Combat, EAME Theater | 8 January 1944 – 11 May 1945 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 | CCF Intervention | 3 November 1950 – 24 January 1951 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| 1st UN Counteroffensive | 25 January 1951 – 21 April 1951 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| CCF Spring Offensive | 22 April 1951 – 9 July 1951 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| UN Summer-Fall Offensive | 9 July 1951 – 27 November 1951 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Second Korean Winter | 28 November 1951 – 30 April 1952 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Korea Summer-Fall 1952 | 1 May 1952 – 10 May 1952 | 728th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 | Defense of Saudi Arabia | 2 August 1990 – 16 January 1991 | 728th Military Airlift Squadron[1] |
| Liberation and Defense of Kuwait | 17 January 1991 – 11 April 1991 | 728th Military Airlift Squadron[1] |
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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