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60s BC

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Millennium
1st millennium BC
Centuries
2nd century BC 1st century BC 1st century
Decades
80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC
Years
69 BC 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC
Categories
Births Deaths Establishments
v t e

This article concerns the period69 BC – 60 BC.

Events

69 BC

This section istranscluded from69 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

October 6 –Roman Republic troops underLucius Lucullus defeat the army ofTigranes II of Armenia in theBattle of Tigranocerta, and captureTigranocerta, capital of Armenia.
Consuls:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus andQuintus Hortensius.
Antiochus XIII Asiaticus is installed asking of Syria.^[1]
Parthians andRomans re-establishEuphrates as a frontier.
Gaius Julius Caesar is aquaestor inSpain.

Egypt

Ptolemy XII deposesCleopatra V, and becomes sole ruler.

Greece

Kydonia, an ancient city on the island ofCrete falls to Roman military forces.^[2]
Rhodes becomes a bulwark against pirates, the Rhodians are unable to suppresspiracy in theAegean Sea.Delos gets the status of a free port.

68 BC

This section istranscluded from68 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

Consuls:Lucius Caecilius Metellus andQuintus Marcius Rex.
October 6 –Lucius Lucullus defeatsTigranes II of Armenia in theBattle of Artaxata.
Gaius Antonius Hybrida electedpraetor.
Tribune of the plebsGaius Antius Restio passes theLex Antia sumptuaria law forbidding Roman magistrates from attending banquets.^[3]
Ostia, theharbour city ofAncient Rome, issacked bypirates. The port is set on fire and theconsular war fleet is destroyed.

Osroene

Abgar II becomes ruler ofOsroene.

67 BC

This section istranscluded from67 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

Consuls:Manius Acilius Glabrio andGaius Calpurnius Piso.
DuringPompey's war against the pirates, he raises a fleet of 500warships and fights with great success.
Thelex Gabinia gives Pompey command of theMediterranean and its coasts for 50 miles inland for three years. He defeats the pirates in three months and pacifiesCilicia.
Pompey divides the Mediterranean into 13 zones – six in the West and seven in the East – to each of which he assigns a fleet under anadmiral.
Pompey offers the ex-pirates and their familiesclemency, he settles them inagricultural colonies in eastern Mediterranean lands.
Pompey takes over the command ofLucius Licinius Lucullus inthe war againstMithridates VI of Pontus, andreaps the fruit of the latter's victories.
Lex Acilia Calpurnia: permanent exclusion from office in cases of electoral corruption.
Lex Roscia theatralis.
Julius Caesar reconciles with Pompey andCrassus^[4]
Julius Caesar marries Pompeia, a granddaughter ofSulla^[4]

Judea

Hyrcanus II becomes king ofJudea, for first time (until66 BC), upon the death of his mother,Salome Alexandra.

Pontus

Mithridates VI invadesPontus and defeats a Roman army at theBattle of Zela.
After his victory at Zela Mithridates starts consolidating his power in Pontus; restoring his rule over his old kingdom.
Lucullus returnes to Pontus, but his troops refuse to campaign for him any longer and he withdrew toGalatia.

China

December – The army of theHan dynasty Chinese commanderZheng Ji is victorious over theXiongnu in theBattle of Jushi.

66 BC

This section istranscluded from66 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

Consuls:Manius Aemilius Lepidus andLucius Volcatius Tullus.
Catiline accused of conspiring against theRoman Republic withAutronius and the youngerSulla (also in63 BC during the consulship ofCicero).
The alliance betweenMithridates VI of Pontus andTigranes II of Armenia is broken.
Tigranes II is forced to surrender, by a payment of 6,000talents, and is reinstated by Pompey as a "friend of the Roman people" to holdArmenia as a buffer zone.
Battle of the Lycus:Pompey the Great decisively defeats Mithridates VI, effectively ending theThird Mithridatic War.
Gaius Antonius elected Romanpraetor.
Thelex Manilia, supported byCicero gives Pompey command over all ofAsia.
Cicero becomespraetor inRome.

Judea

Aristobulus II becomes king and high priest ofJudea, until63 BC.

65 BC

This section istranscluded from65 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

In response to the illegal exercise ofcitizen rights by foreigners, theRoman Senate passes theLex Papia, which expels all foreigners fromRome^[5]
Tigranes ofArmenia is defeated and captured byPompey, thus ending all hostilities on the northeastern frontier of Rome.
Pompey the Great subjugates thekingdom of Iberia and makesColchis aRoman province.

Western Han Empire

9th year of the reign ofEmperor Xuan of Han

64 BC

This section istranscluded from64 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

Pompey destroys thekingdom of Pontus; kingMithridates VI commits suicide after escaping to theCrimea.
Pompey annexesSyria and capturesJerusalem, annexingJudea.

Syria

KingAntiochus XIII Asiaticus is deposed and killed by the Syrian chieftainSampsiceramus I^[6] – this is considered by some the end of theSeleucid dynasty.

63 BC

This section istranscluded from63 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

Lucullus holds atriumph, then retires from war and politics to live a life of refinedluxury.
Establishment of theDecapolis and Year 1 of thePompeian era.
Pompey conquers the people ofPhonecia,Coele-Syria, andJudea for theRoman Republic.
Roman annexation of theSeleucid Empire and of Judea as aclient kingdom. KingJudah Aristobulus II removed from power, while his brotherJohn Hyrcanus II is reappointed king (ethnarch) under Romansuzerainty and high priest, until40 BC.
Massacre of over 12,000Jews on theTemple Mount inJerusalem by Roman troops, in support of John Hyrcanus II against Aristobulus II.
Julius Caesar is electedPontifex Maximus and praetor for 62 BC.^[4]
Marcus Tullius Cicero is seniorconsul. He is the firstnovus homo (new man) to be elected to theconsulship in 31 years.
Gaius Antonius Hybrida is junior consul.
Cato the Younger is electedtribune of the people for 62 BC, taking office in early December 63 BC.
Servilius Rullus, a Romantribune, proposes anagrarian reform law.
Second Catilinarian Conspiracy against theRoman Republic is foiled byCicero.

Pontus

Pharnaces II becomes King ofPontus.

62 BC

This section istranscluded from62 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

January 5 – The forces of the conspiratorCatiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies ofAntonius Hybrida led byMarcus Petreius in theBattle of Pistoria.
Julius Caesar divorcesPompeia, following the sacrilege ofPublius Clodius Pulcher.
Cicero delivers hisPro Archia Poeta in defense ofAulus Licinius Archias' claim toRoman citizenship.
Cato the Younger, astribune, presents alex frumentaria (enacting a graindole).
Metellus Nepos, also tribune, leavesRome.
Caesar and Bibulus arepraetors.

Commagene

KingAntiochus I Theos of Commagene builds his mountain-top tomb-sanctuary atMount Nemrut.

61 BC

This section istranscluded from61 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

Pompey returns to Rome with atriumph in honor of his for victories in the eastern provinces.^[7]
Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi asconsul attempts to gain ratification of Pompey's Eastern Settlement.
Julius Caesar becomes governor inHispania and createsLegio X Gemina (3,500 men). He puts down theCallaici andLusitani rebellions.

60 BC

This section istranscluded from60 BC.(edit |history)

By place

Roman Republic

Gaius Julius Caesar suppresses an uprising and conquers all ofLusitania forRome.^[8]^[4]
Creation of theFirst Triumvirate, an informal political alliance betweenJulius Caesar,Pompey the Great andMarcus Licinius Crassus (or59 BC).^[8]

Syria

TheSeleucid Empire comes to an end with the last two emperors being murdered on orders from Rome.^{[citation needed]}

China

TheHan dynasty government establishes theProtectorate of the Western Regions, the highest military position of a military commander on the Western frontier (Tarim Basin).^{[citation needed]}

Significant people

Pompey, Roman general, (lived106 BC–48 BC)
Mithridates VI, King ofPontus, (lived132 BC–63 BC)
Philip II Philoromaeus
Gaius Antonius Hybrida, elected praetor in66 BC
Cleopatra VII is born (69 BC–30 BC) and grows into a young girl passing age 9.

Births

Transcluding articles:69 BC,68 BC,67 BC,66 BC,65 BC,64 BC,63 BC,62 BC,61 BC, and60 BC

69 BC

Cleopatra VII Philopator, queen ofEgypt (d.30 BC)
Hyeokgeose, Korean king and founder ofSilla (d.AD 4)
Wang Zhengjun, empress of the WesternHan dynasty (d.AD 13)

68 BC

Arsinoe IV of Egypt, daughter ofPtolemy XII (and probablyCleopatra V) (d.41 BC)

67 BC

Arsinoe IV of Egypt, daughter ofPtolemy XII (and probablyCleopatra V) (d.41 BC)
Sextus Pompey, Roman general and governor (d.35 BC)

66 BC

Octavia (the Younger), grandniece ofJulius Caesar (d.11 BC)^[9]

65 BC

December 8 –Horace,Roman poet (d.8 BC)^[10]
Gaius Asinius Pollio,Roman orator,poet andhistorian (d.AD 4)^[11]

64 BC

Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, Roman general andconsul (d.AD 8)^[12]
Nicolaus of Damascus, Jewish historian andphilosopher (approximate date)
Strabo, Greek philosopher and historian inAmaseia^[13]

63 BC

September 23 –Augustus, firstRoman Emperor (d.AD 14)^[14]
Didymus Chalcenterus, Greek scholar and grammarian (approximate date) (d. c.AD 10)
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Roman statesman and general (d.12 BC)

62 BC

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, king (pharaoh) ofEgypt (d.47 BC)

60 BC

Curia, wife ofQuintus Lucretius Vespillo (approximate date)
Ptolemy XIV, king (pharaoh) ofEgypt (or59 BC)
Tryphon, Greek grammarian (approximate date)
Daeso, emperor ofDongbuyeo

Deaths

Transcluding articles:69 BC,68 BC,67 BC,66 BC,65 BC,64 BC,63 BC,62 BC,61 BC, and60 BC

69 BC

Cleopatra II Selene, queen of Egypt
Julia, wife ofGaius Marius (b. c.130 BC)

68 BC

Antiochus of Ascalon, Greek philosopher (b. c.130 BC)
Cornelia, wife ofJulius Caesar (b.94 BC)
Huo Guang, official of the westernHan Dynasty
Lucius Caecillius Metellus, Roman consul

67 BC

Lucius Cornelius Sisenna, Roman general and historian (b. c.120 BC)
Salome Alexandra, queen ofJudea (b.139 BC)

66 BC

Licinius Macer, Roman annalist

65 BC

Xiphares, son ofMithridates VI (b. c. 85 BC)

64 BC

Antiochus XIII Asiaticus, king of theSeleucid Empire

63 BC

Mithridates VI, King ofPontus (b.135 BC)
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius,pontifex maximus and general (b. c.130 BC or127 BC)
Those involved in the organisation of the Catilinarian conspiracy in Rome, includingPublius Cornelius Lentulus Sura

62 BC

Lucius Sergius Catilina, Roman politician (b.108 BC)
Quintus Roscius Gallus, Roman actor (b. c.126 BC)
Zhang Anshi, Chinese official of theHan Dynasty

61 BC

Quintus Marcius Rex, Roman consul and general

60 BC

Aretas III Philhellen, king ofNabatea (approximate date)
Su Wu, Chinesediplomat and statesman (b.140 BC)

Citations

^Joseph Thomas,Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology, 1908, Lippincott, 2550 pages
^C. Michael Hogan,Cydonia, Modern Antiquarian, January 23, 2008
^Syme, Ronald (1963)."Ten Tribunes".Journal of Roman Studies.53: 59.
^^a ^b ^c ^dLeGlay, Marcel; Voisin, Jean-Louis; Le Bohec, Yann (2001).A History of Rome (Second ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 128.ISBN 0-631-21858-0.
^Husband, R. (1916). On the Expulsion of Foreigners from Rome.Classical Philology, 11(3), 315-333. Retrieved March 11, 2021, fromhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/261855
^Appian,Syriaca VIII 49, XI 70, Justin,Historiarum Philippicarum T. Pompeii Trogi XL 2.2,Diodorus Siculus,Bibliotheca Historica XL 1a-b.
^Stambaugh, John E. (1988).The Ancient Roman City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 41.ISBN 0-8018-3574-7.
^^a ^bDupuy, Richard Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt (1993).The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 BC to the Present. New York: HarperCollins. p. 105.ISBN 978-0-06270-056-8.
^Moore 2017, p. 9.
^Grant, Michael."Horace". Encyclopaedia Britannica. RetrievedFebruary 22, 2024.
^Jerome (Chronicon2020) says he died in AD 4 in the seventieth year of his life, which would place the year of his birth at 65 BC.
^Roberts, John (2007).The Oxford dictionary of the classical world. Oxford University Press. p. 799.ISBN 9780192801463.
^Lassere, Francois."Strabo". Encyclopædia Britannica. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2024.
^"BBC - History - Augustus".www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved5 April 2021.

References

Moore, Katrina (2017)."Octavia Minor and the Transition from Republic to Empire"(PDF). Clemson University.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

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60s BC

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