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5 ft 3 in gauge railway

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Railway track gauge (1600 mm)

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Track gauge

By transport mode

By size (list)



Minimum
Fifteen inch	381 mm	(1 ft 3 in)

Narrow
600 mm	600 mm	(1 ft11+5⁄8 in)
Two foot	610 mm	(2 ft)
Two foot three inch	686 mm	(2 ft 3 in)
750 mm	750 mm	(2 ft5+1⁄2 in)
Bosnian gauge	760 mm	(2 ft5+15⁄16 in)
Two foot six inch	762 mm	(2 ft 6 in)
Swedish three-foot	891 mm	(2 ft11+3⁄32 in)
900 mm	900 mm	(2 ft11+7⁄16 in)
Three-foot	914 mm	(3 ft)
Italian metre	950 mm	(3 ft1+13⁄32 in)
Metre	1,000 mm	(3 ft3+3⁄8 in)
Three foot six inch	1,067 mm	(3 ft 6 in)
Four foot	1,219 mm	(4 ft)
Four foot six inch	1,372 mm	(4 ft 6 in)
1432 mm	1,432 mm	(4 ft8+3⁄8 in)

Standard	1,435 mm	(4 ft8+1⁄2 in)

Broad
Italian broad gauge	1,445 mm	(4 ft8+7⁄8 in)
Dresden gauge	1,450 mm	(4 ft9+3⁄32 in)
Leipzig gauge	1,458 mm	(4 ft9+13⁄32 in)
Toronto gauge	1,495 mm	(4 ft10+7⁄8 in)
1520 mm	1,520 mm	(4 ft11+27⁄32 in)
Five foot	1,524 mm	(5 ft)
Pennsylvania gauge	1,581 mm	(5 ft2+1⁄4 in)
Pennsylvania gauge	1,588 mm	(5 ft2+1⁄2 in)
Five foot three inch	1,600 mm	(5 ft 3 in)
Baltimore gauge	1,638 mm	(5 ft4+1⁄2 in)
Iberian gauge	1,668 mm	(5 ft5+21⁄32 in)
Five foot six inch	1,676 mm	(5 ft 6 in)
Six foot	1,829 mm	(6 ft)
Brunel	2,140 mm	(7 ft1⁄4 in)
Breitspurbahn	3,000 mm	(9 ft 101⁄8 in)

Change of gauge

By location

Railways with atrack gauge of5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) fall within the category ofbroad-gauge railways. As of 2022^[update], they were extant inAustralia,Brazil and on theisland of Ireland.

History

[edit]

600 BC: TheDiolkos (Δίολκος) across theIsthmus of Corinth in Greece – a grooved paved trackway – was constructed with an average gauge of5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm).^[1]
1840: TheGrand Duchy of Baden State Railway was constructed in 1840–1851 to5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge before beingconverted to4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) in 1854–1855.
1843: TheBoard of Trade of theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, after investigating a dispute caused by diverse gauges, recommended the use of5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) in Ireland.^[2]
1846: TheRegulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846 made5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) mandatory throughout all of Ireland.^[3]^[2]
1847: TheSwiss Northern Railway was opened as a5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) line^[when?] and converted to4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) in 1854.
1854: The first Australian railway to operate steam-powered freight and passenger services,Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company, was built as a5 ft 3 in (1600 mm) line.^[4]
1858: The first Brazilian5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) railway was opened: theCompanhia de Estrada de Ferro Dom Pedro II.
1863: TheCanterbury Railway in New Zealand was built in5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). It was converted to3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) in 1876.

Nomenclature

[edit]

InGreat Britain andIreland, the gauge is known asIrish gauge.^[5]^[6]^[7] In Ireland it is also common to hear it referred to asstandard gauge orbroad gauge when distinguishing it from the various3 ft narrow-gauge railways ofthe island.^[8]^[9]
InAustralia, where the states of Victoria and South Australia have this gauge (as did Tasmania in the 19th century), it is known asbroad gauge.^[10]^: 168^[11]
In Brazil, the gauge is mainly known asbroad gauge (Portuguese:bitola larga), but occasionally asIrish gauge (Portuguese:bitola irlandesa).^[12]^[13]

Installations

[edit]

Country/region	Railway
Australia	Main articles:Rail transport in South Australia andRail transport in Victoria Currently, the suburban rail networks inAdelaide,Melbourne, and most regional lines inVictoria (including some that cross the border intoNew South Wales) use5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). The 828 km (514.5 mi) longMelbourne–Adelaide rail corridor linking South Australia and Victoria, and some associated branch lines, wasconverted tostandard gauge in 1995. The final 200 km (124.3 mi) section of theNorth East line, Victoria and the 125 km (77.7 mi) longOaklands railway line, which runs intoNew South Wales from Victoria, were converted to standard gauge in 2008–2010. TheMildura andMurrayville railway lines were converted to standard gauge in 2018.
Brazil	Main article:Rail transport in Brazil Lines connecting the states ofRio de Janeiro,São Paulo andMinas Gerais; E.F.Carajás inPará andMaranhão states, and Ferronorte inMato Grosso andMato Grosso do Sul states. Used in older Metro systems. Although the metre-gauge network is almost five times longer,^[14] Irish gauge is considered the standard byABNT.^[15] The current^[when?] network is 4,057 km or 2,521 mi, 15% of the total Brazilian network.
Germany	Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway 1840–1855^[16]
Island of Ireland	Main article:Rail transport in Ireland Following proposed projects of theUlster Railway andDublin and Drogheda Railway companies (using6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) and5 ft 2 in (1,575 mm), respectively), and existing issues of competing gauges in Great Britain, in 1843 theBoard of Trade (with the advice of engineersCharles Pasley andGeorge Stephenson) introduced the gauge as a compromise.^[2] TheRailway Regulation (Gauge) Act 1846 was passed to formalise the gauge used on the island of Ireland to 5 feet 3 inches (1600mm).^[3]^[2] As of 2013^[update] the network totals over 2,730 km or 1,696 mi, 2,400 km or 1,491 mi in theRepublic of Ireland^[17] and 330 km or 205 mi inNorthern Ireland.
New Zealand	Canterbury Railways from 1863; all were routes converted to3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) by 1876.
Switzerland	Swiss Northern Railway between 1847 and 1854, converted to1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge. Fun'Ambule Funicular in Neuchâtel, 330 m long, opened 27 April 2001.
United States	Altoona and Logan Valley Electric Railway^[18]^[19]

Similar gauges

[edit]

ThePennsylvania trolley gauges of5 ft 2+1⁄2 in (1,588 mm) and5 ft 2+1⁄4 in (1,581 mm) are similar to this gauge, but incompatible. There is also a5 ft 2 in (1,575 mm) gauge. See:Track gauge in Ireland.

Locomotives

[edit]

RPSI Steam train leavingGreat Victoria Street station, 1975

Before the advent of diesel and electric traction, one of the advantages of the broader5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) Irish gauge compared to4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) was that more space between steam locomotiveframes allows for a bigger firebox, enabling generation of more steam.

References

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to5 ft 3 in gauge railways.

^Lewis, M. J. T. (2001), "Railways in the Greek and Roman world", in Guy, A.; Rees, J. (eds.),Early Railways. A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railways Conference(PDF), pp. 8–19 (10–15), archived fromthe original(PDF) on 7 October 2009
^^a ^b ^c ^d"Brief history of Irish railways".Downpatrick & County Down Railway. Archived fromthe original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved2 January 2024.
^^a ^b"Odds and ends".Colonial Times. Hobart, Tasmania: National Library of Australia. 24 March 1846. p. 4. Retrieved21 August 2012.
^Harrigan, Leo J. (1962).Victorian Railways to '62. Melbourne: Victorian Railways. p. 40.
^Viscount Lifford (24 April 1879)."Railways (Ireland)—resolution".Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: Lords. col. 967.
^Rail, Irish."Iarnród Éireann Heritage and Enthusiasts".Irish Rail.
^"Irish BG".hmrs.org.uk.
^McCormack, K. (2017). Irish Railways in the 1950s and 1960s: A Journey Through Two Decades. United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Books.
^Irish Builder and Engineer. (1881:58). Ireland: Howard MacGarvey & Sons..
^Fitch, Ron (2006).Australian Railwayman: from cadet engineer to railways commissioner. Dural, New South Wales: Rosenberg Publishing Pty Ltd.ISBN 1877058483.
^Mike W. Harry (2008).Cast Into the Unknown. Little Red Apple. p. 30.ISBN 9781875329670.
^Engenharia, Wasaki (27 October 2022)."As medidas das bitolas mais usadas no Brasil".
^"A padronização da bitola nas ferrovias da Grã-Bretanha".vfco.brazilia.jor.br.
^Rail_transport_in_Brazil
^Newer Metro systems use1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge.
^Rieger, Bernhard (23 April 2006)."Breitspurbahn". Archived fromthe original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved29 November 2007.
^"Infrastructure".Irish Rail. Archived fromthe original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved3 May 2013.
^Hilton, George W. & Due, John Fitzgerald (1960).The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Stanford, California:Stanford University Press.OCLC 237973.
^McGraw Electric Railway Directory.McGraw-Hill Company. August 1920. p. 143 – via Google Books.

v t e Track gauge(list)
Minimum gauge	15 in (381 mm) 400 mm (15+3⁄4 in) 16 in (406 mm) 18 in (457 mm) 19 in (483 mm) 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) 20 in (508 mm) 21 in (533 mm) 1 ft 10 in (559 mm)
Narrow gauge	2 foot and 600 mm 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) 800 mm (2 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 891 mm (2 ft 11+3⁄32 in)Swedish three foot 900 mm (2 ft 11+7⁄16 in) 3 ft (914 mm) 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in)Italian metre gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)metre gauge 1,050 mm (3 ft 5+11⁄32 in), 1,055 mm (3 ft 5+1⁄2 in), 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) 1,093 mm (3 ft 7 in), 1,100 mm (3 ft 7+5⁄16 in), 1,200 mm (3 ft 11+1⁄4 in) 4 ft (1,219 mm) 4 ft 1 in (1,245 mm),Middleton Railway 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm), Scotch gauge 4 ft 6+1⁄2 in (1,384 mm), Scotch gauge 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm) 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm), almost standard gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄4 in (1,429 mm) 1,432 mm (4 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Standard gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in /1,435 mm, Stephenson gauge
Broad gauge	1,440 mm (4 ft 8+11⁄16 in) 1,445 mm (4 ft 8+7⁄8 in) 1,450 mm (4 ft 9+3⁄32 in) 4 ft 9+3⁄8 in (1,457 mm) 1,458 mm (4 ft 9+13⁄32 in) 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1,495 mm), Toronto gauge 5 ft /1,524 mm and1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in), Russian gauge. 5 ft 2+1⁄4 in /1,581 mm and5 ft 2+1⁄2 in /1,588 mm, Pennsylvania gauge 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm), Irish gauge 5 ft 4+1⁄2 in (1,638 mm), Baltimore gauge 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in), Iberian gauge 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), Indian gauge 1,945 mm (6 ft 4+9⁄16 in), De Arend 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm), Brunel gauge 3,000 mm (9 ft 10+1⁄8 in), Breitspurbahn 8,200 mm (26 ft 10+27⁄32 in),Lärchwandschrägaufzug 9,000 mm (29 ft 6+5⁄16 in),Krasnoyarsk ship lift
List of track gauge articles	List of track gauges List of tram track gauges Miniature railways Minimum-gauge railways Large amusement railways
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Transport mode	Tram and light rail Rapid transit Miniature Scale model
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