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Incomputer architecture,512-bitintegers,memory addresses, or otherdata units are those that are 512bits (64octets) wide. Also, 512-bitcentral processing unit (CPU) andarithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based onregisters,address buses, ordata buses of that size.
There are currently no mainstream general-purposeprocessors built to operate on 512-bit integers or addresses, though a number of processors do operate on 512-bit data.
A 512-bit register can store 2512 different values. The range ofinteger values that can be stored in 512 bits depends on theinteger representation used.
The maximum value of a signed 512-bit integer is2511 − 1, written in decimal as 6,703,903,964,971,298,549,787,012,499,102,923,063,739,682,910,296,196,688,861,780,721,860,882,015,036,773,488,400,937,149,083,451,713,845,015,929,093,243,025,426,876,941,405,973,284,973,216,824,503,042,047 (approximately6.7039×10153).
The IntelXeon Phi has avector processing unit with 512-bit vector registers, each one holding sixteen32-bit elements or eight64-bit elements, and one instruction can operate on all these values in parallel. However, the Xeon Phi's vector processing unit does not operate on individual numbers that are 512 bits long.[1]
Some GPUs, such as theAdvanced Micro Devices (AMD)Radeon HD 2900XT, theNvidia GTX 280,[2] GTX 285,[3] Quadro FX 5800,[4] and severalNvidia Tesla products, move data across a 512-bit memory bus. ThenAMD Radeon R9 290, R9 290X and 295X2 followed.
AVX-512 are 512-bit extensions to the 256-bitAdvanced Vector Extensions SIMD instructions for x86instruction set architecture proposed by Intel in July 2013, and released in 2016 withKnights Landing, and in 2017 on the HEDT and consumer server platform, with Skylake-X andSkylake-SP respectively.
Manyhash functions, such asSHA-512 andSHA3-512, have a 512-bit output.
