Design used for Soviet space probes to Mars and Venus
The4MV planetary probe (short for 4th-generation Mars-Venus probe) is a designation for a common design used forSoviet unmannedprobes to Mars and Venus.
It was an incremental improvement of earlier3MV probes and was used forMars missions 2 to 7 andVenera missions 9 to 16. Different versions of the bus exist, for example 4V-1, 4V-M and 4V-2.[1][2] The same base design was also used for earth-orbiting space observatories.[3]
The spacecraft bus has a height of 2.8 meters (9 ft 2 in) and a solar panel span of 6.7 meters (22 ft). The central section of the bus has a diameter of about one meter (3 ft 3 in) and contained propellant. The main engine (KTDU-425) is encircled by a conical instrument compartment with the diameter of 2.35 meters (7 ft 9 in) at the base.[4] While Mars 2,3 and Kosmos 419 used the KTDU-425, 4MV buses after 1971 used the KTDU-425A).[5]
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