4D film is a presentation system combiningmotion pictures with synchronized physical effects that occur in the theater. Effects simulated in 4D films include motion,vibration,scent, rain, mist, bubbles, fog, smoke, wind, temperature changes, and strobe lights.[1][2] Seats in 4D venues vibrate and move.
As of 2022, 4D films have been exhibited in more than 65 countries.[3] 4D motion pictures are also exhibited intheme parks.[4]
The term "4D film" is an extension of3D film, which gives the illusion ofthree-dimensional solidity.[5] Precursors of the modern 4D film presentation include Sensurround, which debuted in 1974 with the filmEarthquake. Only a few films were presented in Sensurround, and it was supplanted by Dolby Stereo in 1977, which featured extended low frequencies and made subwoofers a common addition to cinema.[6] Other notable efforts at pushing the boundaries of the film viewing experience includeFantasound, the first use of stereo sound;Cinemiracle andCinerama, both widescreen formats utilizing multiple projectors; andSmell-O-Vision.
The Sensorium is regarded as the world's first commercial 4D film and was first screened in 1984 atSix Flags Power Plant in Baltimore. It was produced in partnership withLandmark Entertainment.[7]
4DX,D-Box Technologies, andMediamation all currently integrate 4D technology in global stadium seating multiplexes.[8]
The following is a list of 4D presentation systems developed for traditionalfilm theatres.
| Format | Date | Developer | 3D format | Motion seat | Effects | Remarks | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4DX | CJ 4D Plex | Stereoscopic 3D | yes | motion, vibration, scent/olfactory, water sprays, wind/air, snow, fog, strobes, lightning, bubbles | Cineworld,Cinépolis | ||
| D-Box | D-Box Technologies | Stereoscopic 3D | yes | motion, vibration | Cinemark | ||
| MX4D[9] | MediaMation | Stereoscopic 3D | yes | motion, vibration, scent/olfactory, water sprays, wind/air, snow, fog, strobes, lightning, bubbles | Paramount,Showcase | ||
| 4D E-Motion | Lumma | Stereoscopic 3D | yes | motion, vibration, scent/olfactory, water sprays, wind/air, snow, fog, strobes, lightning, bubbles | |||
| (Not named by developer) | Red Rover | Stereoscopic 3D | yes | motion, water sprays, wind/air, scent/olfactory, fog, strobes, bubbles, | Branded as Super 4D inLotte Cinema installations. |
| Title | Year | Release venue/Country | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Sensorium | 1984 | Six Flags Power Plant,Baltimore, MD | The first 4D film |
| Captain EO | 1986 | Epcot,Disneyland,Disneyland Paris andTokyo Disneyland | Closed in the mid-late 1990s and reopened in 2010 as a tribute to the lateMichael Jackson. |
| Muppet*Vision 3D | 1991 | Disney's Hollywood Studios | Directed byJim Henson |
| Honey, I Shrunk the Audience | 1994 | Epcot,Disneyland,Disneyland Paris andTokyo Disneyland | Sponsored byKodak, closed in all locations in May 2010 and was replaced withCaptain EO. |
| Terminator 2 3D: Battle Across Time | 1996 | Universal Studios Japan | Directed byJames Cameron |
| Pirates 4D | 1997 | SeaWorld Ohio,Busch Gardens Williamsburg,Thorpe Park in the UK,Busch Gardens Tampa Bay | Produced by Busch Entertainment, Directed by Keith Melton. |
| PandaDroom | 2002 | TheEfteling,Netherlands | Same film released in other parks without 4D effects |
| SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D | 2002, 2006 | Six Flags over Texas,Moody Gardens,Shedd Aquarium,Adventure Dome,Six Flags Great Adventure,Movie Park Germany,Adventure Aquarium,Kings Dominion, (formerly atParamount Parks),Indianapolis Zoo,Carowinds,Camden Aquarium (Camden, NJ), Flamingo Land Theme Park and Zoo and other locations | |
| Mickey's PhilharMagic | 2003 | Magic Kingdom,Hong Kong Disneyland,Tokyo Disneyland, andDisney California Adventure. | In collaboration withWalt Disney Feature Animation |
| Haunted Lighthouse[a] | 2003 | Flamingo Land Theme Park and Zoo | |
| Shrek 4-D | 2003 | Universal Studios Florida, Universal Studios Japan, andUniversal Studios Singapore | Released in ananaglyph version asShrek 3-D on DVD |
| Borg Invasion | 2004 | Star Trek: The Experience, at Las Vegas Hilton, US | Closed in 2008, to be reopened inNeonopolis, Las Vegas |
| Fly Me to the Moon | 2008 | Six Flags over Texas | |
| Journey to the Center of the Earth 4-D Adventure | 2008 | Vibrant 5D,Raipur,India | Stone Mountain Park,Dollywood,Warner Bros. Movie World |
| Fly High: The Legend of Black Man | 2017 | India | First Indian 4D film; directed by Rahul Rathish Kumar |
| Avatar in 4D | 2009 | South Korea,Hong Kong | In4DX.James Cameron, Director |
| London Eye 4D Experience | 2009 | London Eye | Produced by Centre Screen Productions and Principal Large Format |
| Beyond All Boundaries | 2009 | WWII Museum, New Orleans | Produced byTom Hanks |
| ENERGIA The Spirit of the Earth | 2009 | Cité de l'énergie,Shawinigan (Quebec) | Spectators are seated on a revolving platform. Features wind, snow, smoke, rain, vibration and lighting effects. |
| "The Garden" | 2010 | USA pavilion at Expo 2010 | The eight-minute film was projected upon five 10-meter-high screens. |
| Marvel Super Heroes 4D | 2010 | Madame Tussauds London,Trans Studio Bandung[10] | |
| Rabid Rider | 2010 | Cincinnati Zoo | |
| Shalem | 2011? | Jerusalem Time Elevator,Jerusalem | A 3000-year-old guide toJerusalem's history at the Jerusalem Time Elevator, Jerusalem.[11] |
| The Bourne Legacy | 2012 | Multinational | In4DX |
| Tallgrass Prairie: Tides of Time | 2012 | Flint Hills Discovery Center,Manhattan,Kansas | Features wind, snow, smoke, and lightning effects[12] |
| Prometheus | 2012 | Cinepolis Galerias Guadalajara, Mexico | In4DX.Ridley Scott, Director |
| Titanic | 2012 | Multinational | 4DX re-release,[13]James Cameron, Director |
| The Adventures of Tintin | 2011 | Nickelodeon Resorts,Paramount Parks,North Carolina Zoo, andAlton Towers | 14-minute condensed version of the film. |
| Iron Man 3 | 2013 | Korona World TheatreNagoya,Japan,[14] Seoul, South Korea | Labeled as4DX featuring strobe lights, tilting seats, blowing wind and fog, and odor effects. |
| 47 Ronin | 2014 | Multinational | In4DX |
| Fury | 2014 | Multinational | In4DX |
| Interstellar | 2014 | Multinational | In4DX.Christopher Nolan, Director |
| Rio | 2014 | San Diego Zoo,Kentucky Kingdom,North Carolina Zoo,Indianapolis Zoo,Cincinnati Zoo | 12-minute condensed version of the film. |
| Temple Run 7D | 2014 | India | 9-minute ride to various Indian temples including Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, Rameshwaram, and Dwarka produced by Modern Techno Projects Private Ltd. |
| Star Wars: The Force Awakens | 2015 | Multinational | In4DX.J.J. Abrams, Director |
| Ice Age: No Time for Nuts 4D | 2015 | United States | 4D-remastered version ofthe 2006 short film of the same name. |
| Rogue One | 2016 | Multinational | In4DX |
| Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice | 2016 | Seoul,Korea andNew York City,New York | Labeled as4DX including fog, wind, motion, rain, lightning, vibrations and scents. |
| Pixels | 2016 | Taguig,Philippines | 4DX re-release including models, sprites, explosives, and bullets. |
| Mass Effect: New Earth 4D | 2016 | California's Great America | 4+1⁄2-minute film, 60-foot screen with 4K resolution, live performers, wind, water, leg pokers, neck ticklers, 80-channel surround sound |
| LEGO Nexo Knights 4D: The Book of Creativity[15] | 2016 | Legoland parks andLegoland Discovery Centre parks worldwide | 12+1⁄2-minute 4D film of LEGONexo Knights shown at Legoland, along with The LEGO Movie 4D Produced by Alexander Lentjes[16] for M2Film andMerlin Entertainments |
| Gravity | 2018 | Multinational | 4DX re-release,[17]Alfonso Cuarón, Director |
| Life of Pi | 2018 | Multinational | 4DX re-release,[18]Ang Lee, Director |
| 1917 | 2019 | Multinational | In4DX,[19]Sam Mendes, Director, Produced byAmblin Partners |
| Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker | 2019 | Multinational | In4DX.J.J. Abrams, Director |
| Gemini Man | 2019 | Multinational | In4DX.Ang Lee, Director |
| The Lion King | 2019 | Multinational | In4DX.Jon Favreau, Director |
| Inception | 2020 | Multinational | 4DX re-release,[20]Christopher Nolan, Director |
| The Matrix Resurrections | 2021 | Multinational | In4DX.Lana Wachowski, Director |
| Top Gun: Maverick | 2022 | Multinational | In4DX. Directed byJoseph Kosinski. |
| The Super Mario Bros. Movie | 2023 | Multinational | In4DX.Aaron Horvath,Michael Jelenic Directors |
| Oppenheimer | 2023 | Multinational | In4DX.Christopher Nolan, Director[21] |
| Postcard from Earth | 2023 | Sphere at the Venetian Resort,Las Vegas | Effects include wind, scents, and infrasound seat vibrations. Directed byDarren Aronofsky.[22] |
| Godzilla Minus One | 2023 | Japan | In4DX. Directed byTakashi Yamazaki[23] |