46th Canadian federal election

← 2025 On or before October 15, 2029 (2029-10-15)
← outgoing members
343 seats in theHouse of Commons 172 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Leader Mark Carney Pierre Poilievre Yves-François Blanchet Party Liberal Conservative Bloc Québécois Leader since March 9, 2025 September 10, 2022 January 17, 2019 Leader's seat Nepean Battle River—Crowfoot Belœil—Chambly Last election 169 seats, 43.76% 144 seats, 41.31% 22 seats, 6.29% Current seats 168 142 22 Seats needed 4 30 N/A[a]   Leader Don Davies (interim) Elizabeth May (outgoing)[b] Party New Democratic Green Leader since May 5, 2025 November 19, 2022 Leader's seat Vancouver Kingsway Saanich—Gulf Islands Last election 7 seats, 6.29% 1 seat, 1.22% Current seats 7 1 Seats needed 165 171
Incumbent Prime Minister Mark Carney Liberal

The46th Canadian federal election will elect members of theHouse of Commons to the 46th Canadian Parliament. TheCanada Elections Act requires that the election be held no later than October 15, 2029, but it may becalled earlier.

The2025 Canadian federal election resulted in the formation of aminority government led byMark Carney.

Under thefixed-date provisions of theCanada Elections Act, a federal election must be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the polling day of the previous election.^[5] The previous election was heldin 2025, therefore an election is scheduled to take place on October 15, 2029. However, the election may occur before that date if thegovernor general dissolves Parliament on the recommendation of the prime minister, either for asnap election or after the government loses a vote on asupply bill (which has not happenedsince 1979) or a specificmotion of no confidence (which has not happenedsince 2011). Early elections are more likely to occur duringminority governments because the prime minister does not control a majority in the House of Commons and thus is more likely to lose votes in the House.^[6][7][8]

In the2025 Canadian federal election, the incumbentLiberal Party, led by Prime MinisterMark Carney, won a plurality of seats but failed to win enough seats to gain a parliamentary majority, continuing their six-year tenure as a minority government and marking the third consecutive term of a Liberalminority government. Led byJustin Trudeau, the party won a majority governmentin 2015, after almost ten years of Conservative leadership underStephen Harper, but later it was reduced to a minority government in the2019 election and remained as suchin 2021.^[9]

TheConservative Party continued as theOfficial Opposition, with party leaderPierre Poilievre losing re-election in his seat ofCarleton afternearly 21 years to Liberal candidateBruce Fanjoy.^[10]Damien Kurek, the Conservative member of Parliament–elect for the riding ofBattle River—Crowfoot, announced his intentions to resign on May 2, 2025, allowing Poilievre to run ina by-election.^[11] Kurek had to wait 30 days after election results were published in theCanada Gazette to resign officially, and plans to run for the Alberta seat again in the next general election.^[12] On May 6,Andrew Scheer became theleader of the Official Opposition, the title he had previously held from 2017 to 2020, as Poilievre could not officially hold the title without a seat in Parliament.^[13] Poilievre was elected on August 18, returning to the House of Commons.

Jagmeet Singh, the leader of theNew Democratic Party, also lost his seat,^[c] with the party winning just seven seats, resulting in the loss of the party'sofficial party status for the first timesince 1993. It was the worst result in the history of the party, including its predecessor party, theCo-operative Commonwealth Federation. As a result, Singh announced his intention to resign from the leadership of the NDP once aninterim leader was chosen.^[14] On May 5,Don Davies was chosen by the party's Federal Council as interimleader of the NDP until thenext leadership election.^[15]

Jonathan Pedneault, the co-leader of theGreen Party, was not elected to a seat in Parliament, with the party winning just one seat and receiving its lowest share of the popular votesince 2000. As a result, Pedneault announced his resignation as co-leader shortly after the election.^[1] On August 19,Elizabeth May announced her intention to resign as party leader.^[16]

• November 4 – Chris d'Entremont resigns from the Conservative caucus andcrosses the floor to join the Liberals.^[21]
• December 11 – Michael Ma resigns from the Conservative caucus andcrosses the floor to join the Liberals.^[22]

• January 9 – Chrystia Freeland resigns as a member of Parliament to become an economic advisor for Ukraine.^[23]
• January 31 – Pierre Poilievre receives 87.4% support in a leadership review vote during theConservative Party of Canada convention.^[24]
• February 2 – Bill Blair resigns as a member of Parliament to become theCanadian high commissioner to the United Kingdom.
• February 13 – The riding ofTerrebonne becomes vacant after theSupreme Court of Canada annuls the2025 results.

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