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406th Air Expeditionary Wing | |
|---|---|
 Apararescueman from the wing's 82nd Expeditionary Rescue Squadron drags a litter during an exercise in Djibouti, 2023 | |
| Active | 1952–1958; 1972–1992; 2011–2011; 2023–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Type | Air Expeditionary |
| Part of | United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa |
| Garrison/HQ | Ramstein Air Base, Germany |
| Mottos | Ascende et Defende (Latin: "Rise and Defend") |
| Decorations |  Air Force Outstanding Unit Award (6x)[1] |
| Insignia | |
| 406th Air Expeditionary Wing emblem |  |
The406th Air Expeditionary Wing (406 AEW) is a provisionalair expeditionary unit assigned to theUnited States Air Force'sThird Air Force, stationed atRamstein Air Base, Germany. Its components conducttactical airlift,personnel recovery,casualty evacuation, and attack missions in support ofUnited States Africa Command.
The wing was first activated as afighter-bomber unit during the earlyCold War in 1952 and was stationed in theUnited Kingdom for six years until its inactivation in 1958. From 1972 to 1992, the wing served as a training unit while stationed in Spain.
In 2001, the wing was assigned toUnited States Air Forces in Europe as a provisional unit.
The unit was most recently activated on 9 June 2023, assuming control of the units of the435th Air Expeditionary Wing.
On 10 July 1952, the123d Fighter-Bomber Wing atRAF Manston, England was released from federal service and returned to theKentucky Air National Guard, while its personnel and equipment were transferred to the newly activated406th Fighter-Bomber Wing.[2] The fighter squadrons being replaced by the 512th, 513th and 514th respectively, theF-84G Thunderjets and support aircraft of the ANG were assigned to the406th Fighter-Bomber Group. The 406th FBW commanded the functions of both the support groups as well as the flying combat 406th FBG. The few National Guardsmen still with the wing departed and the last were released from active duty on 9 July, although a few reserve officers remained on active duty for an additional six to twelve months.
On 1 May 1956, when 406th FIW converted to Tri-Deputate organization, assigning operational squadrons directly to the wing. The 406th Fighter-Bomber Group was inactivated. In June 1956F-86D Sabre interceptors arrived from CONUS to equip the87th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron which was transferred to the 406th from the 81st FBW assigned toRAF Shepherds Grove. The 87th FIS, however, physically remained at Shepherds Grove, but was under the organizational command of the 406th at Manston. In September 1955, the 87th was redesignated the 512th FIS.
In May 1958, the 406th was inactivated in place, with its three air defense squadrons being assigned to continental Europe under the86th Air Division (Defense) atRamstein Air Base West Germany. The squadrons were transferred to the following bases:
The F-86D's were eventually withdrawn from Europe in 1961, and the 512th, 513th and 514th were inactivated.
In February 1970 Project CREEK STEP called for the buildup ofZaragoza Air Base as aUSAFE weapons training site, with actual use of the Bardenas Reales Air-to-Ground Bombing and Gunnery Range (about 45 mi/70 km northwest of the base) began in March.
With the closure ofWheelus Air Base inLibya, Zaragoza returned to active status on 19 February 1970 with the activation of the86th Air Division. The 406th was elevated to Wing status on 21 July 1972. Although the 406th had no permanently assigned aircraft, the Wing provided support to all USAFE tactical aircraft which used the Zaragoza range, as well as deployed SAC and TAC units, as well as allied NATO units.
Beginning in September 1972, the 406th also operated the USAFE Tactical Forces Employment School, and in May 1976, began operating the USAFE Instructor Pilot School.[3] Weapons training detachments were principallyF-4 Phantom II aircraft, although F-111s used the wing's ranges for a short period in 1974, and U.S. NavyA-7 Corsairs used the range facilities in June 1974. During November 1976, the 406th TFTW began full maintenance support of an SACKC-135 tanker detachment on a permanent basis. On 12 September 1977, another facet was added to the wing's training operations when it conducted the firstDissimilar air combat training (DACT) missions with USAF and U.S. Navy aircraft
In 1979, the Instructor Pilot School was closed in July, due to broad changes in USAFE's mission and budget restraints. On 1 January 1980, the support mission expanded when the 406th assumed responsibility for various functional areas in support of the four USAF tropo-scatter radar sites at Humosa, Mencora, Soller, and Inoges. The wing provided this support in cooperation with the401st Tactical Fighter Wing assigned toTorrejon AB.
Foremost among the accomplishments of the 406th TFTW during 1981 was the preparation and planning for reception of the F-16 Weapons Training Detachments which began in 1982. The 512nd TFS of the86th Tactical Fighter Wing atRamstein AB, West Germany recorded its first F-16C fighter deployment to the Bardenas Reales Range on 3 April 1986. This represented the initial use of the C-model F-16 aircraft at the range since the newer F-16s were introduced to the European theatre.
For the rest of the 1980s, the 406th continued to provide support for USAFE crew training and range training exercises. August 1990 ushered in a period of intense activity, as the 406th and Zaragoza provided major air and ground support forOperation Desert Shield, conducted in response toIraq's invasion ofKuwait. Thousands of military personnel and tons of equipment passed through Zaragoza en route to the crisis in the Middle East. The base and the wing continued to act as a major aerial port providing support during and afterOperation Desert Storm.
Subject to the same provisions requiring the removal of other units from Spain, the 406th began efforts to end its operations and return Zaragoza to the Spanish Government in 1992. The use of the training range ended in December 1991, followed by the turnover of base operations to the Spanish in April 1992.
The 406th Tactical Fighter Training Wing was inactivated on 1 April 1994 when USAFE ended its presence and returned control of Zaragoza Air Base to the Spanish government.
In 2001, the wing was converted to provisional status as the406th Air Expeditionary Wing.[4] In this capacity, the wing was activated in early 2003 as a provisional wing to be used as part ofOperation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), based inTurkey. When Turkey refused to allow its territory to be used as part of the March 2003 invasion of Iraq,[5] it seems likely the 406 AEW was inactivated shortly afterward.[original research?]
It was activated on 30 March 2011 atMoron Air Base, Spain to supportOperation Odyssey Dawn, a mission to enforce a no-fly zone put in place to protect civilians in Libya during the escalatingLibyan Civil War. The task of assembling an aerial refueling force initially fell to the171st Air Refueling Wing of thePennsylvania Air National Guard andBrigadier General Roy E. Uptegraff III, starting with two tankers that were already at Moron to support planes rotating to and from the Middle East. The first four tankers of the 171st arrived on the morning of 20 March. By the following day, the yet-to-be formally designated wing had grown to a mix of fifteenBoeing KC-135 Stratotankers and fourMcDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extenders, drawn from 14 different wings of theregular force,Air Force Reserve Command, and theAir National Guard. Looking at the mix of tail stripes on the planes he commanded, Brig. Gen. Uptegraff dubbed his unit the "Calico Wing."[6][7]
BecauseCongress had not approved the mission, much of the wing's manning was on a volunteer bases, with funding drawn from money budgeted for other purposes. Whileoperational control of the wing was assigned toUnited States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)'sSeventeenth Air Force, deficiencies in manning and experience with air mobility operations led to a combined control between USAFE (for tactical control) andAir Mobility Command (AMC).[8] On 31 March, control of Odyssey Dawn was assumed byNATO, which named itOperation Unified Protector. On the same day, the confused command situation was emphasised when simultaneous orders from USAFE and AMC designated Uptegraff's wing both the 406th AEW (USAFE), and the313th Air Expeditionary Wing (AMC).[9] Later accounts emphasize that Uptegraff focused on making sure operations continued, and that the 406th AEW only existed briefly.[10] It is not made clear when the 406 AEW was formally disestablished. In contrast, the 313 AEW existed through October 2011.[citation needed]
On 9 June 2023, the unit was activated during a ceremony at Ramstein Air Base, it gained the components of the435th Air Expeditionary Wing, which was inactivated the same day. Made up of two groups, which in turn consist of a total of 10 squadrons, the unit is the only air wing under the control ofUnited States Africa Command. Operating from four airfields, the wing's mission consists oftactical airlift,personnel recovery,casualty evacuation, and attack operations.[11]
Groups
Squadrons
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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