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400 metres

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sprint running event
Athletics
400 metres
The closing stages of a men's 400 m race
World records
Men Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) 43.03 (2016)
Women Marita Koch (GDR) 47.60 (1985)
Short track world records
Men Kerron Clement (USA) 44.57 (2005)
Women Femke Bol (NED) 49.17 (2024)
Olympic records
Men Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) 43.03 (2016)
Women Marileidy Paulino (DOM) 48.17 (2024)
World Championship records
Men Michael Johnson (USA) 43.18 (1999)
Women Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA) 47.78 (2025)
World junior (U20) records
Men Steve Lewis (USA) 43.87 (1988)
Women Grit Breuer (GER) 49.42 (1991)

The400 metres, or400-meter dash, is a sprint event intrack and field competitions. It has been featured in theathletics programme at theSummer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1964 for women. On a standard outdoorrunning track, it is one lap around the track. Runners start in staggered positions and race in separate lanes for the entire course. In many[clarification needed] countries, athletes previously competed in the440-yard dash (402.336 m)—which is a quarter of amile (1,760yards) and was referred to as the "quarter-mile"—instead of the 400 m (437.445 yards), though this distance is now obsolete.

The current men'sworld record and Olympic record is held byWayde van Niekerk ofSouth Africa; his time of 43.03 seconds is the fastest 400 m ever run, in either an open 400 m or a relay split (excluding reaction time). While Michael Johnson holds the fastest 400 m relay split with a time of 42.94, relay splits are typically faster because athletes have a running start and do not need to react to the gun if they are not the leadoff leg. Considering van Niekerk's reaction time of 0.181 seconds in his run of 43.03, van Niekerk covered the 400-metre distance itself in 42.85 seconds, therefore being 0.09 s faster than Johnson's relay split.[1]

Quincy Hall is the reigning men's Olympic champion.Antonio Watson is the current men's world champion.Kerron Clement is the men's world indoor record holder with a time of 44.57 seconds.[2] The current women's world record is held byMarita Koch, with a time of 47.60 seconds.Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone is the current women's world champion, holding the championship record of 47.78 seconds.Marileidy Paulino is the women’s Olympic champion, and holds the Olympic record in a time of 48.17 seconds.Femke Bol holds the women's world indoor record at 49.17 (2024). The men'sT43 Paralympic world record of 45.07 seconds is held byOscar Pistorius.[3]

An Olympic double of200 metres and 400 m was first achieved byValerie Brisco-Hooks in 1984, and later byMarie-José Pérec of France andMichael Johnson from the United States on the same evening in 1996.Alberto Juantorena of Cuba at the1976 Summer Olympics became the first and so far the only athlete to win both the 400 m and800 m Olympic titles. Pérec became the first to defend the Olympic title in 1996, Johnson became the first and only man to do so in 2000. From 31 appearances in the Olympic Games, the men's gold medalist came from the US 19 times (as of 2019).

Sprint

[edit]

Like other sprint disciplines, the 400 m involves the use ofstarting blocks. The runners take up position in the blocks on the "ready" command, adopt a more efficient starting posture whichisometrically preloads their muscles on the "set" command, and stride forwards from the blocks upon hearing thestarter's pistol. The blocks allow the runners to begin more powerfully and thereby contribute to their overall sprint speed capability. Maximum sprint speed capability is a significant contributing factor to success in the event, but athletes also require substantial speed endurance and the ability to cope well with high amounts oflactic acid to sustain a fast speed over a whole lap. While considered to be predominantly an anaerobic event, there is some aerobic involvement and the degree of aerobic training required for 400-metre athletes is open to debate.[4]

Continental records

[edit]
  • Updated 18 September 2025.[5][6]
AreaMenWomen
Time (s)AthleteNationTime (s)AthleteNation
Africa(records)43.03WRWayde van Niekerk South Africa49.10Falilat Ogunkoya Nigeria
Asia(records)43.93Yousef Masrahi Saudi Arabia48.14Salwa Eid Naser Bahrain
Europe(records)43.44Matthew Hudson-Smith Great Britain47.60WRMarita Koch East Germany
North, Central America
and Caribbean(records)		43.18Michael Johnson United States47.78Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone United States
Oceania(records)44.38Darren Clark Australia48.63Cathy Freeman Australia
South America(records)43.93Anthony Zambrano Colombia49.64Ximena Restrepo Colombia

All-time top 25

[edit]
Tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25400 m times and the top 25athletes:
- denotes top performance forathletes in the top 25400 m times
- denotes lesser performances, still in the top 25400 m times, by repeat athletes
- denotes top performance (only) for other top 25athletes who fall outside the top 25 400 m times

Men (outdoor)

[edit]
See also:Men's 400 metres world record progression
  • Correct as of September 2025.[7][8]
Ath.#Perf.#Time (s)Reaction (s)AthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
1143.030.181Wayde van Niekerk South Africa14 August 2016Rio de Janeiro[9]
2243.180.150Michael Johnson United States26 August 1999Seville[10]
3343.29Butch Reynolds United States17 August 1988Zürich
443.39Johnson #29 August 1995Gothenburg
4543.400.168Quincy Hall United States7 August 2024Saint-Denis[11]
643.44Johnson #319 June 1996Atlanta
5643.440.149Matthew Hudson-Smith Great Britain7 August 2024Saint-Denis[11]
6843.450.182Jeremy Wariner United States31 August 2007Osaka[12]
Michael Norman United States20 April 2019Torrance[13]
1043.480.156van Niekerk #226 August 2015Beijing[14]
81143.480.164Steven Gardiner Bahamas4 October 2019Doha[15][16]
1243.49Johnson #429 July 1996Atlanta
91343.50Quincy Watts United States5 August 1992Barcelona
1443.50Wariner #27 August 2007Stockholm
101543.530.134Collen Kebinatshipi Botswana18 September 2025Tokyo[17]
1643.56Norman #225 June 2022Eugene[18]
1743.600.130Norman #328 May 2022Eugene[19][20]
1843.61Norman #48 June 2018Eugene
1943.610.145Kebinatshipi #216 September 2025Tokyo[21]
2043.62Wariner #314 July 2006Rome
0.164van Niekerk #36 July 2017Lausanne[22]
112243.64Fred Kerley United States27 July 2019Des Moines[23]
2343.65Johnson #517 August 1993Stuttgart
122443.650.195LaShawn Merritt United States26 August 2015Beijing[24]
2543.66Johnson #616 June 1995Sacramento
Johnson #73 July 1996Lausanne
1343.70Champion Allison United States25 June 2022Eugene[18]
1443.72Isaac Makwala Botswana5 July 2015La Chaux-de-Fonds[25]
0.145Jereem Richards Trinidad and Tobago18 September 2025Tokyo[26]
1643.74Kirani James Grenada3 July 2014Lausanne[27]
0.185Muzala Samukonga Zambia7 August 2024Saint-Denis[11]
1843.76AZakithi Nene South Africa31 May 2025Nairobi[28]
1943.81Danny Everett United States26 June 1992New Orleans
2043.85Randolph Ross United States11 June 2021Eugene[29]
0.158Jacory Patterson United States28 August 2025Zurich[30]
2243.86ALee Evans United States18 October 1968Mexico City
2343.87Steve Lewis United States28 September 1988Seoul
2443.91Khaleb McRae United States22 June 2025London[31]
2543.93Yousef Masrahi Saudi Arabia23 August 2015Beijing[32]
Rusheen McDonald Jamaica23 August 2015Beijing[32]
Anthony Zambrano Colombia2 August 2021Tokyo[33]

Women (outdoor)

[edit]
See also:Women's 400 metres world record progression
Ath.#Perf.#Time (s)Reaction (s)AthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
1147.60Marita Koch East Germany6 October 1985Canberra
2247.780.171Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone United States18 September 2025Tokyo[36]
3347.980.183Marileidy Paulino Dominican Republic18 September 2025Tokyo[36]
4447.99Jarmila Kratochvílová Czechoslovakia10 August 1983Helsinki
5548.140.186Salwa Eid Naser Bahrain3 October 2019Doha[37]
648.16Koch #28 September 1982Athens
Koch #316 August 1984Prague
848.17Paulino #29 August 2024Saint-Denis[38]
948.190.189Naser #218 September 2025Tokyo[36]
1048.22Koch #428 August 1986Stuttgart
61148.25Marie-José Pérec France29 July 1996Atlanta
1248.26Koch #527 July 1984Dresden
71348.27Olga Bryzgina Soviet Union6 October 1985Canberra
1448.29McLaughlin-Levrone #216 September 2025Tokyo[39]
81548.36Shaunae Miller-Uibo Bahamas6 August 2021Tokyo
1648.370.145Miller-Uibo #23 October 2019Doha
1748.45Kratochvílová #223 July 1983Prague
1848.53Naser #39 August 2024Saint-Denis[38]
91948.57Nickisha Pryce Jamaica20 July 2024London[40]
102048.59Taťána Kocembová Czechoslovakia10 August 1983Helsinki
2148.60Koch #64 August 1979Turin
Bryzgina #217 August 1985Moscow
2348.61Kratochvílová #36 September 1981Rome
112448.63Cathy Freeman Australia29 July 1996Atlanta
2548.65Bryzgina #326 September 1988Seoul
1248.70Sanya Richards-Ross United States16 September 2006Athens
1348.83Valerie Brisco-Hooks United States6 August 1984Los Angeles
1448.89Ana Guevara Mexico27 August 2003Saint-Denis
1548.90Natalia Kaczmarek Poland20 July 2024London[40]
1649.05Chandra Cheeseborough United States6 August 1984Los Angeles
1749.07Tonique Williams-Darling Bahamas12 September 2004Berlin
Rhasidat AdelekeIreland10 June 2024Rome[41]
1949.090.200Aaliyah Butler United States11 July 2025Monaco[42]
2049.10Falilat Ogunkoya Nigeria29 July 1996Atlanta
2149.11Olga Nazarova Soviet Union25 September 1988Seoul
2249.13Britton Wilson United States13 May 2023Baton Rouge[43]
Kaylyn Brown United States8 June 2024Eugene[44]
2449.14Gabrielle Thomas United States5 April 2025Kingston[45]
2549.16Antonina Krivoshapka Russia5 July 2012Cheboksary

Annulled marks

[edit]

Men (indoor)

[edit]
  • Correct as of September 2024.[46]
Ath.#Perf.#Time (s)AthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
1144.49Christopher Morales Williams Canada24 February 2024Fayetteville[47]
2244.52Michael Norman United States10 March 2018College Station
3344.57Kerron Clement United States12 March 2005Fayetteville
4444.62Randolph Ross United States12 March 2022Birmingham[48]
5544.63Michael Johnson United States4 March 1995Atlanta
644.66Johnson #22 March 1996Atlanta
744.67Morales Williams #27 March 2024Boston
6844.71Noah Williams United States13 March 2021Fayetteville[49]
7944.75Elija Godwin United States25 February 2023Fayetteville[50]
1044.75AGodwin #211 March 2023Albuquerque[51]
81144.80Kirani James Grenada27 February 2011Fayetteville
91244.82Tyrell Richard United States9 March 2019Birmingham[52]
1344.83Ross #211 February 2022Clemson
101444.85Fred Kerley United States11 March 2017College Station
111544.86Akeem Bloomfield Jamaica10 March 2018College Station
121644.88Bralon Taplin Grenada3 February 2018College Station
131744.91Auhmad Robinson United States9 March 2024Boston[53]
141844.93LaShawn Merritt United States11 February 2005Fayetteville
44.93ARyan Willie United States11 March 2023Albuquerque[54]
2044.94Kerley #225 February 2017Nashville
2144.97Johnson #310 February 1995Reno
2244.99Ross #313 March 2021Fayetteville
2345.00Norman #29 February 2018Clemson
162345.00Jereem Richards Trinidad and Tobago19 March 2022Belgrade[55]
172545.02Danny Everett United States2 February 1992Stuttgart
2545.02Kerley #310 February 2017Clemson
Bloomfield #29 February 2018Clemson
172545.02Khaleb McCrae United States3 February 2024Albuquerque
1945.03Torrin Lawrence United States12 February 2010Fayetteville
Deon Lendore Trinidad and Tobago1 March 2014College Station
Kahmari Montgomery United States9 March 2019Birmingham[52]
2245.04Champion Allison United States26 February 2022College Station[56]
2345.05Thomas Schönlebe East Germany5 February 1988Sindelfingen
Alvin Harrison United States28 February 1998Atlanta
Karsten Warholm Norway2 March 2019Glasgow[57]
Trevor Bassitt United States19 March 2022Belgrade[55]
Jacory Patterson United States25 February 2023Fayetteville

Women (indoor)

[edit]
  • Correct as of March 2025.[58]
Ath.#Perf.#Time (s)AthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
1149.17Femke Bol Netherlands2 March 2024Glasgow[59]
249.24Bol #217 February 2024Apeldoorn[60]
2249.24Isabella Whittaker United States15 March 2025Virginia Beach[61]
449.26Bol #319 February 2023Apeldoorn[62]
3549.48ABritton Wilson United States11 March 2023Albuquerque[51]
4649.59Jarmila Kratochvílová Czechoslovakia7 March 1982Milan
749.63Bol #410 February 2024Liévin[63]
849.64Kratochvílová #228 January 1981Vienna
5949.68Natalya Nazarova Russia18 February 2004Moscow
1049.69Kratochvílová #36 March 1983Budapest
Bol #51 February 2024Metz[64]
61249.76Taťána Kocembová Czechoslovakia2 February 1984Vienna
71349.78Aaliyah Butler United States1 March 2025College Station[65]
1449.85Bol #64 March 2023Istanbul[66]
1549.90Whittaker #21 March 2025College Station[65]
1649.96Bol #711 February 2023Metz[67]
1749.97Kocembová #24 March 1984Gothenburg
Butler #215 March 2025Virginia Beach[61]
1949.98Nazarova #218 February 2006Moscow
2050.00Kratochvílová #410 February 1983Vienna
82150.01Sabine Busch East Germany2 February 1984Vienna
92250.02Nicola Sanders Great Britain3 March 2007Birmingham
102350.04Olesya Krasnomovets Russia18 February 2006Moscow
2450.04Krasnomovets #212 March 2006Moscow
2550.07Kratochvílová #522 February 1981Grenoble
1150.10Lieke Klaver Netherlands18 February 2024Apeldoorn[68]
1250.15Olga Zaytseva Russia25 January 2006Moscow
Talitha Diggs United States25 February 2023Fayetteville[69]
1450.21Vania Stambolova Bulgaria12 March 2006Moscow
Shaunae Miller-Uibo Bahamas13 February 2021New York City[70]
1650.23Irina Privalova Russia12 March 1995Barcelona
1750.24Alexis Holmes United States2 March 2024Glasgow[59]
1850.28Petra Müller East Germany6 March 1988Budapest
1950.33Rhasidat Adeleke Ireland25 February 2023Lubbock[69]
2050.34Christine Amertil Bahamas12 March 2006Moscow
Kendall Ellis United States10 March 2018College Station
2250.36Sydney McLaughlin United States10 March 2018College Station
2350.37Natalya Antyukh Russia18 February 2006Moscow
2450.40Dagmar Neubauer East Germany2 February 1984Vienna
2550.41Svetlana Pospelova Russia5 March 2005Madrid

Fastest relay splits

[edit]

Men

[edit]
SplitAAthleteLegDateEventPlaceRef.
42.94B Michael Johnson (USA)L422 August 1993World ChampionshipsStuttgart[71]
43.04 Letsile Tebogo (BOT)L410 August 2024Summer OlympicsSaint-Denis[72]
43.06 Michael Norman (USA)L427 May 2018NCAA West PrelimsSacramento[73]
43.09 Matthew Hudson-Smith (GBR)L210 August 2024Summer OlympicsSaint-Denis[72]
43.10 Jeremy Wariner (USA)L42 September 2007World ChampionshipsOsaka[74]
43.1 Quincy Watts (USA)L28 August 1992Summer OlympicsBarcelona[75]
43.18 Jeremy Wariner (USA)L423 August 2008Summer OlympicsBeijing[75]
 James Benson II (USA)L47 June 2024NCAA ChampionshipsEugene[76]
 Rai Benjamin (USA)L410 August 2024Summer OlympicsSaint-Denis[72]
43.20 Auhmad Robinson (USA)L47 June 2024NCAA ChampionshipsEugene[76]
43.2 Ronald Freeman (USA)L220 October 1968Summer OlympicsMexico City[75]
 Jeremy Wariner (USA)L28 April 2006Texas RelaysAustin[75]
 Tony McQuay (USA)L220 August 2016Summer OlympicsRio de Janeiro[77]
43.23 Butch Reynolds (USA)L322 August 1993World ChampionshipsStuttgart[71]
43.24 Jonathan Jones (BAR)L410 June 2022NCAA ChampionshipsEugene[78]
43.26 Vernon Norwood (USA)L210 August 2024Summer OlympicsSaint-Denis[72]
 Wayde Van Niekerk (SAF)L321 September 2025World ChampionshipsTokyo[79]
43.3 Demetrius Pinder (BAH)L210 August 2012Summer OlympicsLondon[75]

Annulled marks

  • The American athleteAntonio Pettigrew recorded a split time of 43.1 at the 1997 World Championships men's 4 x 400 m finals in Athens, but his time was annulled in 2008, after Pettigrew admitted to multiple doping violations between 1997 and 2003.[80]

Women

[edit]
SplitAAthleteLegDateEventPlaceRef.
47.6 Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH)L411 September 1982European ChampionshipsAthens[81]
47.70 Marita Koch (GDR)L43 June 1984National ChampionshipsErfurt[81]
47.71 Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA)L210 August 2024Summer OlympicsSaint-Denis[82]
47.72 Allyson Felix (USA)L330 August 2015World ChampionshipsBeijing[83]
47.75 Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH)L414 August 1983World ChampionshipsHelsinki[84]
47.8 Olga Bryzgina (URS)L41 October 1988Summer OlympicsSeoul[81]
47.82 Olga Nazarova (URS)L21 October 1988Summer OlympicsSeoul[81]
 Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA)L421 September 2025World ChampionshipsTokyo[85]
47.84 Taťána Kocembová (TCH)L418 August 1984Friendship GamesPrague[81]
47.9 Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH)L45 July 1981European Cup SemifinalFrankfurt[81]
 Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH)L42 August 1981European Cup B FinalPescara[81]
 Marita Koch (GDR)L411 September 1982European ChampionshipsAthens[81]
 Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH)L421 August 1983European Cup FinalLondon[81]
 Marita Koch (GDR)L44 October 1985IAAF World CupCanberra[86]
47.91 Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA)L424 July 2022World ChampionshipsEugene[87]
48.00 Femke Bol (NED)L4C3 August 2024Summer OlympicsSaint-Denis[88]
48.01 Allyson Felix (USA)L22 September 2007World ChampionshipsOsaka[89]
48.08 Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA)L41 October 1988Summer OlympicsSeoul[81]
48.1 Alicia Brown (CAN)L412 May 2019IAAF World RelaysYokohama[90]
  • ^ARelay splits are typically faster because athletes have a running start and do not need to react to the gun if they are not the leadoff leg.
  • ^B World Athletics reports a split time of 42.94, which is based on "photo-finish pictures taken at the start and finish of Johnson’s leg supplied by Seiko. Using different methods, the DLV Biomechanics Report from Stuttgart 1993 variously showed timings of 42.91 and 42.92.[71]
  • ^C Run in amixed 4 x 400 metres relay race.

Most successful athletes

[edit]

3 or more 400-metre victories at the Olympic Games and World Championships:

  • 6 wins:Michael Johnson (USA) - Olympic champion in 1996 and 2000, world champion in 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999.
  • 4 wins:Marie-Jose Perec (FRA) - Olympic champion in 1992 and 1996, world champion in 1991 and 1995.
  • 3 wins:Cathy Freeman (AUS) - Olympic champion in 2000, world champion in 1997 and 1999.
  • 3 wins:Jeremy Wariner (USA) - Olympic champion in 2004, world champion in 2005 and 2007.
  • 3 wins:Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) - Olympic champion in 2008, world champion in 2007 and 2013.
  • 3 wins:LaShawn Merritt (USA) - Olympic champion in 2008, world champion in 2009 and 2013.
  • 3 wins:Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) - Olympic champion in 2016, world champion in 2015 and 2017.
  • 3 wins:Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH) - Olympic champion in 2016 and 2020, world champion in 2022.

The Olympic champion has frequently won a second gold medal in the4 × 400 metres relay. This has been accomplished 14 times by men;Charles Reidpath,Ray Barbuti,Bill Carr,George Rhoden,Charles Jenkins,Otis Davis,Mike Larrabee,Lee Evans,Viktor Markin,Alonzo Babers,Steve Lewis,Quincy Watts,Jeremy Wariner andLaShawn Merritt; and 4 times by women;Monika Zehrt,Valerie Brisco-Hooks,Olga Bryzgina andSanya Richards-Ross. All but Rhoden, Markin, Zehrt and Bryzgina ran on American relay teams. Injured after his double in 1996, Johnson also accomplished the feat in 2000 only to have it disqualified when his teammateAntonio Pettigrew admitted to doping.

Olympic medalists

[edit]

Men

[edit]
GamesGoldSilverBronze
1896 Athens
details		Thomas Burke
 United States		Herbert Jamison
 United States		Charles Gmelin
 Great Britain
1900 Paris
details		Maxie Long
 United States		William Holland
 United States		Ernst Schultz
 Denmark
1904 St. Louis
details		Harry Hillman
 United States		Frank Waller
 United States		Herman Groman
 United States
1908 London
details		Wyndham Halswelle
 Great Britain		None awardedNone awarded
1912 Stockholm
details		Charles Reidpath
 United States		Hanns Braun
 Germany		Edward Lindberg
 United States
1920 Antwerp
details		Bevil Rudd
 South Africa		Guy Butler
 Great Britain		Nils Engdahl
 Sweden
1924 Paris
details		Eric Liddell
 Great Britain		Horatio Fitch
 United States		Guy Butler
 Great Britain
1928 Amsterdam
details		Ray Barbuti
 United States		James Ball
 Canada		Joachim Büchner
 Germany
1932 Los Angeles
details		Bill Carr
 United States		Ben Eastman
 United States		Alex Wilson
 Canada
1936 Berlin
details		Archie Williams
 United States		Godfrey Brown
 Great Britain		James LuValle
 United States
1948 London
details		Arthur Wint
 Jamaica		Herb McKenley
 Jamaica		Mal Whitfield
 United States
1952 Helsinki
details		George Rhoden
 Jamaica		Herb McKenley
 Jamaica		Ollie Matson
 United States
1956 Melbourne
details		Charles Jenkins
 United States		Karl-Friedrich Haas
 United Team of Germany		Voitto Hellsten
 Finland
Ardalion Ignatyev
 Soviet Union
1960 Rome
details		Otis Davis
 United States		Carl Kaufmann
 United Team of Germany		Malcolm Spence
 South Africa
1964 Tokyo
details		Mike Larrabee
 United States		Wendell Mottley
 Trinidad and Tobago		Andrzej Badeński
 Poland
1968 Mexico City
details		Lee Evans
 United States		Larry James
 United States		Ron Freeman
 United States
1972 Munich
details		Vincent Matthews
 United States		Wayne Collett
 United States		Julius Sang
 Kenya
1976 Montreal
details		Alberto Juantorena
 Cuba		Fred Newhouse
 United States		Herman Frazier
 United States
1980 Moscow
details		Viktor Markin
 Soviet Union		Rick Mitchell
 Australia		Frank Schaffer
 East Germany
1984 Los Angeles
details		Alonzo Babers
 United States		Gabriel Tiacoh
 Ivory Coast		Antonio McKay
 United States
1988 Seoul
details		Steve Lewis
 United States		Butch Reynolds
 United States		Danny Everett
 United States
1992 Barcelona
details		Quincy Watts
 United States		Steve Lewis
 United States		Samson Kitur
 Kenya
1996 Atlanta
details		Michael Johnson
 United States		Roger Black
 Great Britain		Davis Kamoga
 Uganda
2000 Sydney
details		Michael Johnson
 United States		Alvin Harrison
 United States		Greg Haughton
 Jamaica
2004 Athens
details		Jeremy Wariner
 United States		Otis Harris
 United States		Derrick Brew
 United States
2008 Beijing
details		LaShawn Merritt
 United States		Jeremy Wariner
 United States		David Neville
 United States
2012 London
details		Kirani James
 Grenada		Luguelín Santos
 Dominican Republic		Lalonde Gordon
 Trinidad and Tobago
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details		Wayde van Niekerk
 South Africa		Kirani James
 Grenada		LaShawn Merritt
 United States
2020 Tokyo
details		Steven Gardiner
 Bahamas		Anthony Zambrano
 Colombia		Kirani James
 Grenada
2024 Paris
details		Quincy Hall
 United States		Matthew Hudson Smith
 Great Britain		Muzala Samukonga
 Zambia

Women

[edit]
GamesGoldSilverBronze
1964 Tokyo
details		Betty Cuthbert
 Australia		Ann Packer
 Great Britain		Judy Amoore
 Australia
1968 Mexico City
details		Colette Besson
 France		Lillian Board
 Great Britain		Natalya Pechonkina
 Soviet Union
1972 Munich
details		Monika Zehrt
 East Germany		Rita Wilden
 West Germany		Kathy Hammond
 United States
1976 Montreal
details		Irena Szewińska
 Poland		Christina Brehmer
 East Germany		Ellen Streidt
 East Germany
1980 Moscow
details		Marita Koch
 East Germany		Jarmila Kratochvílová
 Czechoslovakia		Christina Lathan
 East Germany
1984 Los Angeles
details		Valerie Brisco-Hooks
 United States		Chandra Cheeseborough
 United States		Kathy Smallwood-Cook
 Great Britain
1988 Seoul
details		Olga Bryzgina
 Soviet Union		Petra Müller
 East Germany		Olga Nazarova
 Soviet Union
1992 Barcelona
details		Marie-José Pérec
 France		Olga Bryzgina
 Unified Team		Ximena Restrepo
 Colombia
1996 Atlanta
details		Marie-José Pérec
 France		Cathy Freeman
 Australia		Falilat Ogunkoya
 Nigeria
2000 Sydney
details		Cathy Freeman
 Australia		Lorraine Graham
 Jamaica		Katharine Merry
 Great Britain
2004 Athens
details		Tonique Williams-Darling
 Bahamas		Ana Guevara
 Mexico		Natalya Antyukh
 Russia
2008 Beijing
details		Christine Ohuruogu
 Great Britain		Shericka Williams
 Jamaica		Sanya Richards
 United States
2012 London
details		Sanya Richards-Ross
 United States		Christine Ohuruogu
 Great Britain		DeeDee Trotter
 United States
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details		Shaunae Miller
 Bahamas		Allyson Felix
 United States		Shericka Jackson
 Jamaica
2020 Tokyo
details		Shaunae Miller-Uibo
 Bahamas		Marileidy Paulino
 Dominican Republic		Allyson Felix
 United States
2024 Paris
details		Marileidy Paulino
 Dominican Republic		Salwa Eid Naser
 Bahrain		Natalia Kaczmarek
 Poland

World Championships medalists

[edit]

Men

[edit]
ChampionshipsGoldSilverBronze
1983 Helsinki
details		 Bert Cameron (JAM) Michael Franks (USA) Sunder Nix (USA)
1987 Rome
details		 Thomas Schönlebe (GDR) Innocent Egbunike (NGA) Harry Reynolds (USA)
1991 Tokyo
details		 Antonio Pettigrew (USA) Roger Black (GBR) Danny Everett (USA)
1993 Stuttgart
details		 Michael Johnson (USA) Butch Reynolds (USA) Samson Kitur (KEN)
1995 Gothenburg
details		 Michael Johnson (USA) Butch Reynolds (USA) Greg Haughton (JAM)
1997 Athens
details		 Michael Johnson (USA) Davis Kamoga (UGA) Tyree Washington (USA)
1999 Seville
details		 Michael Johnson (USA) Sanderlei Parrela (BRA) Alejandro Cárdenas (MEX)
2001 Edmonton
details		 Avard Moncur (BAH) Ingo Schultz (GER) Greg Haughton (JAM)
2003 Saint-Denis
details		 Tyree Washington (USA) Marc Raquil (FRA) Michael Blackwood (JAM)
2005 Helsinki
details		 Jeremy Wariner (USA) Andrew Rock (USA) Tyler Christopher (CAN)
2007 Osaka
details		 Jeremy Wariner (USA) LaShawn Merritt (USA) Angelo Taylor (USA)
2009 Berlin
details		 LaShawn Merritt (USA) Jeremy Wariner (USA) Renny Quow (TRI)
2011 Daegu
details		 Kirani James (GRN) LaShawn Merritt (USA) Kévin Borlée (BEL)
2013 Moscow
details		 LaShawn Merritt (USA) Tony McQuay (USA) Luguelín Santos (DOM)
2015 Beijing
details		 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) LaShawn Merritt (USA) Kirani James (GRN)
2017 London
details		 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) Steven Gardiner (BAH) Abdalelah Haroun (QAT)
2019 Doha
details		 Steven Gardiner (BAH) Anthony Zambrano (COL) Fred Kerley (USA)
2022 Eugene
details		 Michael Norman (USA) Kirani James (GRN) Matthew Hudson-Smith (GBR)
2023 Budapest
details		 Antonio Watson (JAM) Matthew Hudson-Smith (GBR) Quincy Hall (USA)
2025 Tokyo
details		 Collen Kebinatshipi (BOT) Jereem Richards (TTO) Bayapo Ndori (BOT)

Medalists by country

[edit]
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)119627
2 Bahamas (BAH)2103
3 Jamaica (JAM)2035
4 South Africa (RSA)2002
5 Grenada (GRN)1113
6 Botswana (BOT)1012
7 East Germany (GDR)1001
8 Great Britain (GBR)0213
9 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)0112
10 Brazil (BRA)0101
 Colombia (COL)0101
 France (FRA)0101
 Germany (GER)0101
 Nigeria (NGR)0101
 Uganda (UGA)0101
16 Belgium (BEL)0011
 Canada (CAN)0011
 Dominican Republic (DOM)0011
 Kenya (KEN)0011
 Mexico (MEX)0011
 Qatar (QAT)0011

Women

[edit]
ChampionshipsGoldSilverBronze
1983 Helsinki
details		 Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH) Taťána Kocembová (TCH) Mariya Pinigina (URS)
1987 Rome
details		 Olga Bryzgina (URS) Petra Muller (GDR) Kirsten Emmelmann (GDR)
1991 Tokyo
details		 Marie-José Pérec (FRA) Grit Breuer (GER) Sandra Myers (ESP)
1993 Stuttgart
details		 Jearl Miles (USA) Natasha Kaiser-Brown (USA) Sandie Richards (JAM)
1995 Gothenburg
details		 Marie-José Pérec (FRA) Pauline Davis (BAH) Jearl Miles (USA)
1997 Athens
details		 Cathy Freeman (AUS) Sandie Richards (JAM) Jearl Miles Clark (USA)
1999 Seville
details		 Cathy Freeman (AUS) Anja Rücker (GER) Lorraine Graham-Fenton (JAM)
2001 Edmonton
details		 Amy Mbacké Thiam (SEN) Lorraine Fenton (JAM) Ana Guevara (MEX)
2003 Saint-Denis
details		 Ana Guevara (MEX) Lorraine Fenton (JAM) Amy Mbacké Thiam (SEN)
2005 Helsinki
details		 Tonique Williams-Darling (BAH) Sanya Richards (USA) Ana Guevara (MEX)
2007 Osaka
details		 Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) Nicola Sanders (GBR) Novlene Williams (JAM)
2009 Berlin
details		 Sanya Richards (USA) Shericka Williams (JAM) Antonina Krivoshapka (RUS)
2011 Daegu
details		 Amantle Montsho (BOT) Allyson Felix (USA) Francena McCorory (USA)§
2013 Moscow
details		 Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) Amantle Montsho (BOT) Stephanie McPherson (JAM)§
2015 Beijing
details		 Allyson Felix (USA) Shaunae Miller (BAH) Shericka Jackson (JAM)
2017 London
details		 Phyllis Francis (USA) Salwa Eid Naser (BHR) Allyson Felix (USA)
2019 Doha
details		 Salwa Eid Naser (BHR) Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH) Shericka Jackson (JAM)
2022 Eugene
details		 Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH) Marileidy Paulino (DOM) Sada Williams (BAR)
2023 Budapest
details		 Marileidy Paulino (DOM) Natalia Kaczmarek (POL) Sada Williams (BAR)
2025 Tokyo
details		 Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA) Marileidy Paulino (DOM) Salwa Eid Naser (BHR)

§ : awarded following doping disqualification.

Medalists by country

[edit]
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)53412
2 Bahamas (BAH)2305
3 Great Britain (GBR)2103
5 Australia (AUS)2002
 France (FRA)2002
6 Dominican Republic (DOM)1203
7 Bahrain (BHR)1113
8

 Botswana (BOT)

1102
 Czechoslovakia (TCH)1102
10 Mexico (MEX)1023
11 Senegal (SEN)1012
 Soviet Union (URS)1012
13 Jamaica (JAM)04610
14 Germany (GER)0202
15 East Germany (GDR)0112
16 Poland (POL)0101
17 Barbados (BAR)0022
 Russia (RUS)0022
13 Spain (ESP)0011

World Indoor Championships medalists

[edit]

Men

[edit]
GamesGoldSilverBronze
1985 Paris[A] Thomas Schönlebe (GDR) Todd Bennett (GBR) Mark Rowe (USA)
1987 Indianapolis
details		 Antonio McKay (USA) Roberto Hernández (CUB) Michael Franks (USA)
1989 Budapest
details		 Antonio McKay (USA) Ian Morris (TTO) Cayetano Cornet (ESP)
1991 Seville
details		 Devon Morris (JAM) Samson Kitur (KEN) Cayetano Cornet (ESP)
1993 Toronto
details		 Butch Reynolds (USA) Sunday Bada (NGR) Darren Clark (AUS)
1995 Barcelona
details		 Darnell Hall (USA) Sunday Bada (NGR) Mikhail Vdovin (RUS)
1997 Paris
details		 Sunday Bada (NGR) Jamie Baulch (GBR) Shunji Karube (JPN)
1999 Maebashi
details		 Jamie Baulch (GBR) Milton Campbell (USA) Alejandro Cárdenas (MEX)
2001 Lisbon
details		 Daniel Caines (GBR) Milton Campbell (USA) Danny McFarlane (JAM)
2003 Birmingham
details		 Tyree Washington (USA) Daniel Caines (GBR) Paul McKee (IRL)
 Jamie Baulch (GBR)
2004 Budapest
details		 Alleyne Francique (GRN) Davian Clarke (JAM) Gary Kikaya (COD)
2006 Moscow
details		 Alleyne Francique (GRN) California Molefe (BOT) Chris Brown (BAH)
2008 Valencia
details		 Tyler Christopher (CAN) Johan Wissman (SWE) Chris Brown (BAH)
2010 Doha
details		 Chris Brown (BAH) William Collazo (CUB) Jamaal Torrance (USA)
2012 Istanbul
details		 Nery Brenes (CRC) Demetrius Pinder (BAH) Chris Brown (BAH)
2014 Sopot
details		 Pavel Maslák (CZE) Chris Brown (BAH) Kyle Clemons (USA)
2016 Portland
details		 Pavel Maslák (CZE) Abdalelah Haroun (QAT) Deon Lendore (TTO)
2018 Birmingham
details		 Pavel Maslák (CZE) Michael Cherry (USA) Deon Lendore (TTO)
2022 Belgrade
details		 Jereem Richards (TTO) Trevor Bassitt (USA) Carl Bengtström (SWE)
2024 Glasgow
details		 Alexander Doom (BEL) Karsten Warholm (NOR) Rusheen McDonald (JAM)
2025 Nanjing
details		 Christopher Bailey (USA) Brian Faust (USA) Jacory Patterson (USA)

Women

[edit]
GamesGoldSilverBronze
1985 Paris[A] Diane Dixon (USA) Regine Berg (BEL) Charmaine Crooks (CAN)
1987 Indianapolis
details		 Sabine Busch (GDR) Lillie Leatherwood (USA) Judit Forgács (HUN)
1989 Budapest
details		 Helga Arendt (FRG) Diane Dixon (USA) Jillian Richardson (TTO)
1991 Seville
details		 Diane Dixon (USA) Sandra Myers (ESP) Anita Protti (SUI)
1993 Toronto
details		 Sandie Richards (JAM) Tatyana Alekseyeva (RUS) Jearl Miles Clark (USA)
1995 Barcelona
details		 Irina Privalova (RUS) Sandie Richards (JAM) Daniela Georgieva (BUL)
1997 Paris
details		 Jearl Miles Clark (USA) Sandie Richards (JAM) Helena Fuchsová (CZE)
1999 Maebashi
details		 Grit Breuer (GER) Falilat Ogunkoya (NGR) Jearl Miles Clark (USA)
2001 Lisbon
details		 Sandie Richards (JAM) Olga Kotlyarova (RUS) Olesya Zykina (RUS)
2003 Birmingham
details		 Natalya Nazarova (RUS) Christine Amertil (BAH) Grit Breuer (GER)
2004 Budapest
details		 Natalya Nazarova (RUS) Olesya Forsheva (RUS) Tonique Williams-Darling (BAH)
2006 Moscow
details		 Olesya Forsheva (RUS) Vania Stambolova (BUL) Christine Amertil (BAH)
2008 Valencia
details		 Olesya Zykina (RUS) Natalya Nazarova (RUS) Shareese Woods (USA)
2010 Doha
details		 Debbie Dunn (USA) Vania Stambolova (BUL) Amantle Montsho (BOT)
2012 Istanbul
details		 Sanya Richards-Ross (USA) Aleksandra Fedoriva (RUS) Natasha Hastings (USA)
2014 Sopot
details		 Francena McCorory (USA) Kaliese Spencer (JAM) Shaunae Miller (BAH)
2016 Portland
details		 Kemi Adekoya (BHR) Ashley Spencer (USA) Quanera Hayes (USA)
2018 Birmingham
details		 Courtney Okolo (USA) Shakima Wimbley (USA) Eilidh Doyle (GBR)
2022 Belgrade
details		 Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH) Femke Bol (NED) Stephenie Ann McPherson (JAM)
2024 Glasgow
details		 Femke Bol (NED) Lieke Klaver (NED) Alexis Holmes (USA)
2025 Nanjing
details		 Amber Anning (GBR) Alexis Holmes (USA) Henriette Jæger (NOR)
  • A Known as theWorld Indoor Games

Season's bests

[edit]

Men

[edit]
YearTimeAthletePlace
196644.82y Wendell Mottley (TTO)Kingston
196744.74+h Tommie Smith (USA)San Jose
196843.86A Lee Evans (USA)Mexico City
196944.67y Curtis Mills (USA)Knoxville
197045.01 Charles Asati (KEN)Edinburgh
197144.44yh John Smith (USA)Eugene
197244.34h Wayne Collett (USA)Eugene
197344.85y Maurice Peoples (USA)Baton Rouge
197444.94hA Alberto Juantorena (CUB)Mexico City
197544.45A Ronnie Ray (USA)Mexico City
197644.26 Alberto Juantorena (CUB)Montreal
197744.65 Alberto Juantorena (CUB)La Habana
197844.27A Alberto Juantorena (CUB)Medellín
197944.92 Harald Schmid (FRG)Stuttgart
198044.60 Viktor Markin (RUS)Moscow
198144.58 Bert Cameron (JAM)Baton Rouge
198244.68 Sunder Nix (USA)Indianapolis
198344.50 Erwin Skamrahl (FRG)München
198444.27 Alonzo Babers (USA)Los Angeles
198544.47 Michael Franks (USA)Canberra
198644.30 Gabriel Tiacoh (CIV)Indianapolis
198744.10 Butch Reynolds (USA)Columbus
198843.29 Butch Reynolds (USA)Zurich
198944.27 Antonio Pettigrew (USA)Houston
199044.06 Danny Everett (USA)Seville
199144.17 Michael Johnson (USA)Lausanne
199243.50 Quincy Watts (USA)Barcelona
199343.65 Michael Johnson (USA)Stuttgart
199443.90 Michael Johnson (USA)Madrid
199543.39 Michael Johnson (USA)Gothenburg
199643.44 Michael Johnson (USA)Atlanta
199743.75 Michael Johnson (USA)Waco
199843.68 Michael Johnson (USA)Zürich
199943.18 Michael Johnson (USA)Sevilla
200043.68 Michael Johnson (USA)Sacramento
200144.28 Tyree Washington (USA)Los Angeles
200244.45 Leonard Byrd (USA)Belém
200344.33 Tyree Washington (USA)Palo Alto
200444.00 Jeremy Wariner (USA)Athens
200543.93 Jeremy Wariner (USA)Helsinki
200643.62 Jeremy Wariner (USA)Rome
200743.45 Jeremy Wariner (USA)Osaka
200843.75 LaShawn Merritt (USA)Beijing
200944.06 LaShawn Merritt (USA)Berlin
201044.13 Jeremy Wariner (USA)Zürich
201144.35 LaShawn Merritt (USA)Daegu
201243.94 Kirani James (GRN)London
201343.74 LaShawn Merritt (USA)Moscow
201443.74 Kirani James (GRN)Lausanne
201543.48 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA)Beijing
201643.03 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA)Rio de Janeiro
201743.62 Wayde van Niekerk (RSA)Lausanne
201843.61 Michael Norman (USA)Eugene
201943.45 Michael Norman (USA)Torrance
202044.91 Justin Robinson (USA)Marietta
202143.85 Randolph Ross (USA)Eugene
 Steven Gardiner (BAH)Tokyo
202243.56 Michael Norman (USA)Eugene
202343.74 Steven Gardiner (BAH)Székesfehérvár
202443.40 Quincy Hall (USA)Saint-Denis
202543.53 Collen Kebinatshipi (BOT)Tokyo

Women

[edit]
YearTimeAthletePlace
1966
1967
196852.03A Colette Besson (FRA)Mexico City
196951.72 Nicole Duclos (FRA)Athens
197051.02 Marilyn Neufville (JAM)Edinburgh
197152.14 Helga Seidler (GDR)Helsinki
197251.08 Monika Zehrt (GDR)Munich
197351.27 Mona-Lisa Pursiainen (FIN)Helsinki
197450.14 Riitta Salin (FIN)Rome
197550.50 Irena Szewinska (POL)Nice
197649.28 Irena Szewinska (POL)Montreal
197749.52 Irena Szewinska (POL)Düsseldorf
197848.94 Marita Koch (GDR)Prague
197948.60 Marita Koch (GDR)Potsdam
198048.88 Marita Koch (GDR)Moscow
198148.61 Jarmila Kratochvílová (CZE)Rome
198248.16 Marita Koch (GDR)Athens
198347.99 Jarmila Kratochvílová (CZE)Helsinki
198448.16 Marita Koch (GDR)Prague
198547.60 Marita Koch (GDR)Canberra
198648.22 Marita Koch (GDR)Stuttgart
198749.38 Olga Bryzgina (URS)Rome
198848.65 Olga Bryzgina (URS)Seoul
198950.01 Ana Fidelia Quirot (CUB)Duisburg
199049.50 Grit Breuer (GER)Split
199149.32 Marie-José Pérec (FRA)Frankfurt
199248.83 Marie-José Pérec (FRA)Frankfurt
199349.81 Ma Yuqin (CHN)Beijing
199449.77 Marie-José Pérec (FRA)Paris
199549.28 Marie-José Pérec (FRA)Gothenburg
199648.25 Marie-José Pérec (FRA)Atlanta
199749.39 Cathy Freeman (AUS)Oslo
199849.29 Charity Opara (NGR)Rome
199949.62 Falilat Ogunkoya (NGR)Lagos
200049.11 Cathy Freeman (AUS)Sydney
200149.59 Katharine Merry (GBR)Athens
200249.16 Ana Guevara (MEX)Zürich
200348.89 Ana Guevara (MEX)Saint-Denis
200449.07 Tonique Williams-Darling (BAH)Berlin
200548.92 Sanya Richards-Ross (USA)Zürich
200648.70 Sanya Richards-Ross (USA)Athens
200749.27 Sanya Richards-Ross (USA)Berlin
Stuttgart
200849.62 Christine Ohuruogu (GBR)Beijing
200948.83 Sanya Richards-Ross (USA)Brussels
201049.64 Debbie Dunn (USA)Des Moines
201149.35 Anastasiya Kapachinskaya (RUS)Cheboksary
201249.16 Antonina Krivoshapka (RUS)Cheboksary
201349.33 Amantle Montsho (BOT)Monaco
201449.48 Francena McCorory (USA)Sacramento
201549.26 Allyson Felix (USA)Beijing
201649.44 Shaunae Miller (BAH)Rio de Janeiro
201749.46 Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH)Brussels
201848.97 Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH)Monaco
201948.14 Salwa Eid Naser (BHR)Doha
202050.42A Beatrice Masilingi (NAM)Pretoria
202148.36 Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH)Tokyo
202248.99 Marileidy Paulino (DOM)Zürich
202348.74 Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA)Eugene
202448.17 Marileidy Paulino (DOM)Saint-Denis
202547.78 Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA)Tokyo

Notes and references

[edit]
  1. ^Škraba, Žiga P. (15 August 2016)."43.03 – The Fastest 400m in History".Žiga P. Škraba. Retrieved4 August 2024.
  2. ^Ramsay, George (26 February 2024)."Canadian teenager Christopher Morales Williams denied 400m indoor world record due to starting block issue".CNN.
  3. ^"Who is Oscar Pistorius ??? « Flightunit : News, Tips, Music, video, games & more". Archived fromthe original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved2 September 2012.
  4. ^Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, "Aerobic versus anaerobic training for success in various athletic events" by Shepard, R. J., 1978
  5. ^"Men's outdoor 400 Metres | Records".worldathletics.org.World Athletics. Retrieved18 September 2025.
  6. ^"Women's outdoor 400 Metres | Records".worldathletics.org.World Athletics. Retrieved18 September 2025.
  7. ^"Senior Outdoor 400 Metres Men".World Athletics. Retrieved18 September 2025.
  8. ^"All-time men's best 400m". alltime-athletics.com. 8 January 2017. Retrieved31 January 2017.
  9. ^"Men's 400m Results"(PDF).Rio 2016 official website. 14 August 2016. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved15 August 2016.
  10. ^"400 Metres Result | 7th IAAF World Championships in Athletics".worldathletics.org. Retrieved1 June 2023.
  11. ^abc"Men's 400m - Final results"(PDF).Olympics. 7 August 2024. Retrieved8 August 2024.
  12. ^"400 Metres Result | 11th IAAF World Championships in Athletics".worldathletics.org. Retrieved1 June 2023.
  13. ^"61st ANNUAL MT. SAC RELAYS".rtspt.com. RecordTiming. 20 April 2019. Retrieved20 April 2019.
  14. ^"400 Metres Result | 15th IAAF World Championships".worldathletics.org. Retrieved1 June 2023.
  15. ^"400m Results"(PDF). IAAF. 4 October 2019. Retrieved6 October 2019.
  16. ^"400 Metres Result | IAAF World Athletics Championships, DOHA 2019".worldathletics.org. Retrieved1 June 2023.
  17. ^"Men's 400m Final Results"(PDF).World Athletics. 18 September 2025. Retrieved18 September 2025.
  18. ^abKaren Rosen (26 June 2022)."McLaughlin breaks world 400m hurdles record with 51.41 at US Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved28 June 2022.
  19. ^Cathal Dennehy (29 May 2022)."Norman reigns in fierce 400m clash with record run in Eugene". World Athletics. Retrieved15 June 2022.
  20. ^"Wanda Diamond League Hayward Field - Eugene, OR (USA) 27th - 28th May 2022 Results 400m Men"(PDF). Retrieved1 June 2023.
  21. ^"Men's 400m Semi-Final Results Summary"(PDF).World Athletics. 16 September 2025. Retrieved16 September 2025.
  22. ^"IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Lausanne (SUI) 6 July 2017 Results 400m Men"(PDF). Retrieved1 June 2023.
  23. ^Roy Jordan (28 July 2019)."Kendricks tops 6.06m in Des Moines". IAAF. Retrieved29 July 2019.
  24. ^"400m Results". IAAF. 26 August 2015. Retrieved26 August 2015.
  25. ^"400m Results"(PDF). www.sep-olympic.ch. 5 July 2015. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 14 July 2015. Retrieved5 July 2015.
  26. ^"Men's 400m Final Results"(PDF).World Athletics. 18 September 2025. Retrieved18 September 2025.
  27. ^"400m". Archived fromthe original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved3 July 2014.
  28. ^Justin Lagat (31 May 2025)."Nene smashes 44-second barrier in Nairobi".World Athletics. Retrieved12 June 2025.
  29. ^Jess Whittington (12 June 2021)."Burrell breaks world U20 400m hurdles record in Eugene". World Athletics. Retrieved29 June 2021.
  30. ^"400m Results"(PDF).azureedge.net. 28 August 2025. Retrieved29 August 2025.
  31. ^"400m Results".World Athletics. Retrieved3 July 2025.
  32. ^ab"400m Men - Heats Results". IAAF. 23 August 2015. Retrieved23 August 2015.
  33. ^"Men's 400m Semifinal Results Summary"(PDF).olympics.com. 2 August 2021. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 9 October 2021. Retrieved17 August 2021.
  34. ^"Toplists – All time Top lists – Senior Outdoor 400 Metres Women".World Athletics. Retrieved17 April 2021.
  35. ^"All-time women's best 400m". alltime-athletics.com. 26 November 2016. Retrieved31 January 2017.
  36. ^abc"Women's 400m Final Results"(PDF).World Athletics. 18 September 2025. Retrieved18 September 2025.
  37. ^"400m Results"(PDF). IAAF. 3 October 2019. Retrieved4 October 2019.
  38. ^ab"Paulino powers to Olympic record to win 400m gold in Paris | News | Paris 24 | Olympic Games".worldathletics.org. Retrieved9 August 2024.
  39. ^"Women's 400m Semi-Final Results Summary"(PDF).World Athletics. 16 September 2025. Retrieved16 September 2025.
  40. ^ab"400m Result"(PDF).swisstiming.com. 20 July 2024. Retrieved20 July 2024.
  41. ^"400m Results".World Athletics. Retrieved11 June 2024.
  42. ^"400m Results"(PDF).azureedge.net. 11 July 2025. Retrieved17 July 2025.
  43. ^"Wilson clocks 49.13 for 400m, Hibbert breaks world U20 triple jump record with 17.87m | REPORT | World Athletics".worldathletics.org. Retrieved14 May 2023.
  44. ^"Pryce, Long and Jones impress in sprints at NCAA Championships | REPORT | World Athletics".worldathletics.org. Retrieved9 June 2024.
  45. ^Noel Francis (6 April 2025)."First four Grand Slam Track champions crowned in Kingston".World Athletics. Retrieved16 April 2025.
  46. ^"Toplists - All time Top lists - Senior Indoor 400 Metres Men".World Athletics. Retrieved13 March 2021.
  47. ^"Men 400m Result".flashresults.com. Retrieved24 February 2024.
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