1863-1865 U.S. Congress
The38th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives . It met inWashington, D.C. , from March 4, 1863, to March 4, 1865, during the last two years ofPresident Abraham Lincoln 's firstterm in office . The apportionment of seats in theHouse of Representatives was based on the1860 United States census . TheSenate had aRepublican majority, and theHouse of Representatives had aRepublican plurality; Republicans controlled the House by sharing a coalition withUnconditional Unionists .
April 22, 1864:Coinage Act of 1864 , Sess. 1, ch. 66, 13 Stat. 54 June 25, 1864:Washington County Public Schools Act ("An Act to provide for the Public Instruction of Youth in the County of Washington, District of Columbia, and for other Purposes"), Sess. 1, ch. 156, 13 Stat. 187 June 30, 1864: Yosemite Valley Grant Act, Sess. 1, 16 Stat. 48 March 3, 1865:Freedmen's Bureau , Sess. 2, ch. 90, 13 Stat. 507 Major bills not enacted [ edit ] Constitutional amendments [ edit ] States admitted and territories organized [ edit ] States in rebellion [ edit ] The Confederacy fielded armies and sustained the rebellion into a second Congress, but the Union did not acceptsecession and secessionists were not eligible for Congress. Elections held in Missouri and Kentucky seated all members to the House and Senate for the 38th Congress. Elections held among Unionists in Virginia, Tennessee and Louisiana were marred by disruption resulting in turnouts that were so low compared with 1860, that Congress did not reseat the candidates with a majority of the votes cast.[ 1]
In rebellion 1862–64 according to the Emancipation Proclamation were Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (parts), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia (parts). Tennessee was not held to be in rebellion as of the end of 1862.[ 2] Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 38th Congress in March 1863. Green stripes represent Unionists and gray stripes represent Unconditional Unionists. The senators from Nevada and West Virginia were not seated until later in the Congress. 2 Democrats
1 Democrat and 1 Republican
2 Republicans
2 Unionists
2 Unconditional Unionists
Territories
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
During this Congress, two seats were added for each of the new states of Nevada and West Virginia, thereby adding four new seats.
House of Representatives [ edit ] House seats by party holding plurality in state Over 80% Democratic
Over 80% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic
60+% to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic
Up to 60% Republican
Before this Congress, the1860 United States census and resulting reapportionment changed the size of the House to 241 members. During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nevada, and three seats were reapportioned from Virginia to the new state of West Virginia.
President of the SenateHannibal Hamlin [ edit ] House of Representatives [ edit ] [ edit ] This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Skip to House of Representatives , belowSenators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below areSenate class numbers , which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.
2. Vacant 3. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant ▌ 1.John Conness (R)▌ 3.James A. McDougall (D)▌ 1.James Dixon (R)▌ 3.Lafayette S. Foster (R)▌ 1.James A. Bayard Jr. (D), until January 29, 1864▌ George Read Riddle (D), from February 2, 1864▌ 2.Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)1. Vacant 3. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant ▌ 2.William A. Richardson (D)▌ 3.Lyman Trumbull (R)▌ 1.Thomas A. Hendricks (D)▌ 3.Henry S. Lane (R)▌ 2.James W. Grimes (R)▌ 3.James Harlan (R)▌ 2.Jim Lane (R)▌ 3.Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)▌ 2.Lazarus W. Powell (D)▌ 3.Garrett Davis (U)2. Vacant 3. Vacant ▌ 1.Lot M. Morrill (R)▌ 2.William P. Fessenden (R), until July 1, 1864▌ Nathan A. Farwell (R), from October 27, 1864▌ 1.Reverdy Johnson (U)▌ 3.Thomas H. Hicks (UU), until February 14, 1865▌ 1.Charles Sumner (R)▌ 2.Henry Wilson (R)▌ 1.Zachariah Chandler (R)▌ 2.Jacob M. Howard (R)▌ 1.Alexander Ramsey (R)▌ 2.Morton S. Wilkinson (R)1. Vacant 2. Vacant ▌ 1.John B. Henderson (UU)▌ 3.Robert Wilson (UU), until November 13, 1863▌ B. Gratz Brown (UU), from November 13, 1863▌ 1.William M. Stewart (R), from February 1, 1865 (newly admitted state)▌ 3.James W. Nye (R), from February 1, 1865 (newly admitted state)▌ 2.John P. Hale (R)▌ 3.Daniel Clark (R)▌ 1.William Wright (D)▌ 2.John C. Ten Eyck (R)▌ 1.Edwin D. Morgan (R)▌ 3.Ira Harris (R)2. Vacant 3. Vacant ▌ 1.Benjamin Wade (R)▌ 3.John Sherman (R)▌ 2.Benjamin F. Harding (D)▌ 3.James W. Nesmith (D)▌ 1.Charles R. Buckalew (D)▌ 3.Edgar Cowan (R)▌ 1.William Sprague IV (R)▌ 2.Henry B. Anthony (R)2. Vacant 3. Vacant 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 1. Vacant 2. Vacant ▌ 1.Solomon Foot (R)▌ 3.Jacob Collamer (R)▌ 1.Lemuel J. Bowden (U), died January 2, 1864, vacant thereafter▌ 2.John S. Carlile (U)▌ 1.Peter G. Van Winkle (UU), from August 4, 1863 (newly admitted state)▌ 2.Waitman T. Willey (UU), from August 4, 1863 (newly admitted state)▌ 1.James R. Doolittle (R)▌ 3.Timothy O. Howe (R)President pro temporeSolomon Foot President pro temporeDaniel Clark
House of Representatives [ edit ] 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 All representatives were elected statewide on ageneral ticket .
▌ At-large Cornelius Cole (R)▌ At-large William Higby (R)▌ At-large Thomas B. Shannon (R)▌ 1 Henry C. Deming (R)▌ 2 James E. English (D)▌ 3 Augustus Brandegee (R)▌ 4 John H. Hubbard (R)▌ At-large William Temple (D), until May 28, 1863▌ Nathaniel B. Smithers (UU), from December 7, 1863At-large 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ▌ 1 Isaac N. Arnold (R)▌ 2 John F. Farnsworth (R)▌ 3 Elihu B. Washburne (R)▌ 4 Charles M. Harris (D)▌ 5 Owen Lovejoy (R), until March 25, 1864▌ Ebon C. Ingersoll (R), from May 20, 1864▌ 6 Jesse O. Norton (R)▌ 7 John R. Eden (D)▌ 8 John T. Stuart (D)▌ 9 Lewis Winans Ross (D)▌ 10 Anthony L. Knapp (D)▌ 11 James C. Robinson (D)▌ 12 William R. Morrison (D)▌ 13 William J. Allen (D)▌ At-large James C. Allen (D)▌ 1 John Law (D)▌ 2 James A. Cravens (D)▌ 3 Henry W. Harrington (D)▌ 4 William S. Holman (D)▌ 5 George W. Julian (R)▌ 6 Ebenezer Dumont (R)▌ 7 Daniel W. Voorhees (D)▌ 8 Godlove S. Orth (R)▌ 9 Schuyler Colfax (R)▌ 10 Joseph K. Edgerton (D)▌ 11 James F. McDowell (D)▌ 1 James F. Wilson (R)▌ 2 Hiram Price (R)▌ 3 William B. Allison (R)▌ 4 Josiah B. Grinnell (R)▌ 5 John A. Kasson (R)▌ 6 Asahel W. Hubbard (R)▌ At-large A. Carter Wilder (R)▌ 1 Lucien Anderson (UU)▌ 2 George H. Yeaman (U)▌ 3 Henry Grider (U)▌ 4 Aaron Harding (U)▌ 5 Robert Mallory (U)▌ 6 Green C. Smith (UU)▌ 7 Brutus J. Clay (U)▌ 8 William H. Randall (UU)▌ 9 William H. Wadsworth (U)1 2 3 4 5 ▌ 1 Lorenzo D.M. Sweat (D)▌ 2 Sidney Perham (R)▌ 3 James G. Blaine (R)▌ 4 John H. Rice (R)▌ 5 Frederick A. Pike (R)▌ 1 John A. J. Creswell (UU)▌ 2 Edwin H. Webster (UU)▌ 3 Henry Winter Davis (UU)▌ 4 Francis Thomas (UU)▌ 5 Benjamin G. Harris (D)▌ 1 Thomas D. Eliot (R)▌ 2 Oakes Ames (R)▌ 3 Alexander H. Rice (R)▌ 4 Samuel Hooper (R)▌ 5 John B. Alley (R)▌ 6 Daniel W. Gooch (R)▌ 7 George S. Boutwell (R)▌ 8 John D. Baldwin (R)▌ 9 William B. Washburn (R)▌ 10 Henry L. Dawes (R)▌ 1 Fernando C. Beaman (R)▌ 2 Charles Upson (R)▌ 3 John W. Longyear (R)▌ 4 Francis W. Kellogg (R)▌ 5 Augustus C. Baldwin (D)▌ 6 John F. Driggs (R)▌ 1 William Windom (R)▌ 2 Ignatius L. Donnelly (R)1 2 3 4 5 ▌ 1 Francis P. Blair Jr. (R), until June 10, 1864▌ Samuel Knox (UU), from June 10, 1864▌ 2 Henry T. Blow (UU)▌ 3 John W. Noell (UU), until March 14, 1863▌ John G. Scott (D), from December 7, 1863▌ 4 Sempronius H. Boyd (UU)▌ 5 Joseph W. McClurg (UU)▌ 6 Austin A. King (U)▌ 7 Benjamin F. Loan (UU)▌ 8 William A. Hall (U)▌ 9 James S. Rollins (U)▌ At-large Henry G. Worthington (R), from October 31, 1864 (newly admitted state)▌ 1 Daniel Marcy (D)▌ 2 Edward H. Rollins (R)▌ 3 James W. Patterson (R)▌ 1 John F. Starr (R)▌ 2 George Middleton (D)▌ 3 William G. Steele (D)▌ 4 Andrew J. Rogers (D)▌ 5 Nehemiah Perry (D)▌ 1 Henry G. Stebbins (D), until October 24, 1864▌ Dwight Townsend (D), from December 5, 1864▌ 2 Martin Kalbfleisch (D)▌ 3 Moses F. Odell (D)▌ 4 Benjamin Wood (D)▌ 5 Fernando Wood (D)▌ 6 Elijah Ward (D)▌ 7 John W. Chanler (D)▌ 8 James Brooks (D)▌ 9 Anson Herrick (D)▌ 10 William Radford (D)▌ 11 Charles H. Winfield (D)▌ 12 Homer A. Nelson (D)▌ 13 John B. Steele (D)▌ 14 Erastus Corning (D), until October 5, 1863▌ John V. L. Pruyn (D), from December 7, 1863▌ 15 John Augustus Griswold (D)▌ 16 Orlando Kellogg (R)▌ 17 Calvin T. Hulburd (R)▌ 18 James M. Marvin (R)▌ 19 Samuel F. Miller (R)▌ 20 Ambrose W. Clark (R)▌ 21 Francis Kernan (D)▌ 22 DeWitt C. Littlejohn (R)▌ 23 Thomas T. Davis (R)▌ 24 Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)▌ 25 Daniel Morris (R)▌ 26 Giles W. Hotchkiss (R)▌ 27 Robert B. Van Valkenburgh (R)▌ 28 Freeman Clarke (R)▌ 29 Augustus Frank (R)▌ 30 John Ganson (D)▌ 31 Reuben E. Fenton (R), until December 20, 18641 2 3 4 5 6 7 ▌ 1 George H. Pendleton (D)▌ 2 Alexander Long (D)▌ 3 Robert C. Schenck (R)▌ 4 John F. McKinney (D)▌ 5 Francis C. Le Blond (D)▌ 6 Chilton A. White (D)▌ 7 Samuel S. Cox (D)▌ 8 William Johnston (D)▌ 9 Warren P. Noble (D)▌ 10 James M. Ashley (R)▌ 11 Wells A. Hutchins (D)▌ 12 William E. Finck (D)▌ 13 John O'Neill (D)▌ 14 George Bliss (D)▌ 15 James R. Morris (D)▌ 16 Joseph W. White (D)▌ 17 Ephraim R. Eckley (R)▌ 18 Rufus P. Spalding (R)▌ 19 James A. Garfield (R)▌ At-large John R. McBride (R)▌ 1 Samuel J. Randall (D)▌ 2 Charles O'Neill (R)▌ 3 Leonard Myers (R)▌ 4 William D. Kelley (R)▌ 5 M. Russell Thayer (R)▌ 6 John D. Stiles (D)▌ 7 John M. Broomall (R)▌ 8 Sydenham E. Ancona (D)▌ 9 Thaddeus Stevens (R)▌ 10 Myer Strouse (D)▌ 11 Philip Johnson (D)▌ 12 Charles Denison (D)▌ 13 Henry W. Tracy (IR)▌ 14 William H. Miller (D)▌ 15 Joseph Bailey (D)▌ 16 Alexander H. Coffroth (D)▌ 17 Archibald McAllister (D)▌ 18 James T. Hale (IR)▌ 19 Glenni W. Scofield (R)▌ 20 Amos Myers (R)▌ 21 John L. Dawson (D)▌ 22 James K. Moorhead (R)▌ 23 Thomas Williams (R)▌ 24 Jesse Lazear (D)▌ 1 Thomas A. Jenckes (R)▌ 2 Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R)1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 ▌ 1 Frederick E. Woodbridge (R)▌ 2 Justin S. Morrill (R)▌ 3 Portus Baxter (R)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ▌ 1 Jacob B. Blair (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state)▌ 2 William G. Brown Sr. (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state)▌ 3 Kellian Whaley (UU), from December 7, 1863 (newly admitted state)▌ 1 James S. Brown (D)▌ 2 Ithamar C. Sloan (R)▌ 3 Amasa Cobb (R)▌ 4 Charles A. Eldredge (D)▌ 5 Ezra Wheeler (D)▌ 6 Walter D. McIndoe (R)▌ Arizona Territory Charles D. Poston (R), from December 5, 1864▌ Colorado Territory Hiram P. Bennet (R)▌ Dakota Territory William Jayne (R), until June 17, 1864▌ John B. S. Todd (D), from June 17, 1864▌ Idaho Territory William H. Wallace (R), from February 1, 1864▌ Montana Territory Samuel McLean (D), from January 6, 1865▌ Nebraska Territory Samuel G. Daily (R)▌ Nevada Territory Gordon N. Mott (R), until October 31, 1864▌ New Mexico Territory Francisco Perea (R)▌ Utah Territory John F. Kinney (D)▌ Washington Territory George E. Cole (D)Speaker of the HouseSchuyler Colfax Group photo of the U.S. House of Representatives, in 1863, during this Congress.
Changes in membership [ edit ] The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Replacements: 2 Deaths: 1 Resignations: 2 Interim appointments: 1 Seats of newly admitted states: 4 Total seats with changes: 4 Senate changes State Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ b] West Virginia (1)New seat West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863.elected August 4, 1863. Peter G. Van Winkle (UU)August 4, 1863 West Virginia (2)New seat West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863.elected August 4, 1863. Waitman T. Willey (UU)August 4, 1863 Missouri (3)Robert Wilson (UU)Successor elected for Sen.Waldo P. Johnson November 13, 1863. B. Gratz Brown (UU)November 13, 1863 Virginia (1)Lemuel J. Bowden (U)Died January 2, 1864. Vacant Not filled this Congress Delaware (1)James A. Bayard Jr. (D)Resigned January 29, 1864, for unknown reasons.elected January 29, 1864. George R. Riddle (D)February 2, 1864 Maine (2)William P. Fessenden (R)Resigned July 1, 1864, to becomeU.S. Secretary of the Treasury . Nathan A. Farwell (R)October 27, 1864 Nevada (1)New seat Nevada admitted to the Union October 31, 1864.elected February 1, 1865. William M. Stewart (R)February 1, 1865 Nevada (3)New seat Nevada admitted to the Union October 31, 1864.elected February 1, 1865. James W. Nye (R)February 1, 1865 Maryland (3)Thomas H. Hicks (UU)Died February 14, 1865. Vacant Not filled this Congress.
House of Representatives [ edit ] Replacements: 6 Deaths: 3 Resignations: 3 Contested election: 1 Seats of newly admitted seats: 4 Total seats with changes: 7 House changes District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ b] Arizona Territory At-large Vacant Territory organized in previous congress. Charles D. Poston (R)December 5, 1864 Missouri 3rd John W. Noell (UU)Died March 14, 1863. John G. Scott (D)December 7, 1863 Delaware At-large William Temple (D)Died May 28, 1863. Nathaniel B. Smithers (UU)December 7, 1863 New York 14th Erastus Corning (D)Resigned October 5, 1863. John V. L. Pruyn (D)December 7, 1863 West Virginia 1st New state West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863. Jacob B. Blair (UU)December 7, 1863 West Virginia 2nd New state West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863. William G. Brown Sr. (UU)December 7, 1863 West Virginia 3rd New state West Virginia admitted to the Union June 19, 1863. Kellian Whaley (UU)December 7, 1863 Idaho Territory At-large New territory Territory organized February 1, 1864. William H. Wallace (R)February 1, 1864 Illinois 5th Owen Lovejoy (R)Died March 25, 1864. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R)May 20, 1864 Montana Territory At-large New territory Territory organized May 26, 1864. Samuel McLean (D)January 6, 1865 Missouri 1st Francis P. Blair Jr. (R)Lost contested election June 10, 1864 Samuel Knox (UU)June 10, 1864 Dakota Territory At-large William Jayne Lost contested election June 17, 1864 John B. S. Todd (D)June 17, 1864 New York 1st Henry G. Stebbins (D)Resigned October 24, 1864. Dwight Townsend (D)December 5, 1864 Nevada Territory At-large Gordon N. Mott (R)Nevada achieved statehood October 31, 1864 District eliminated Nevada At-large New state Nevada admitted to the Union October 31, 1864. Henry G. Worthington (R)October 31, 1864 New York 31st Reuben Fenton (R)Resigned December 20, 1864, after being electedGovernor of New York . Vacant Not filled this Congress
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Agriculture (John Sherman , chair)Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (James Dixon , chair)Claims (Daniel Clark , chair)Commerce (Zachariah Chandler , chair)Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) District of Columbia (James W. Grimes , chair)Engrossed Bills (Henry S. Lane , chair)Finance (William P. Fessenden , chair)Foreign Relations (Charles Sumner , chair)Indian Affairs (James Rood Doolittle , chair)Judiciary (Lyman Trumbull , chair)Manufactures (Zachariah Chandler , chair)Military Affairs (Henry Wilson , chair)Naval Affairs (John P. Hale , chair)Naval Supplies (Select)Ordnance and War Ships (Select)Overland Mail Service (Select)Pacific Railroad (Select) (Jacob M. Howard , chair)Patents and the Patent Office (Edgar Cowan , chair)Pensions (La Fayette S. Foster , chair)Post Office and Post Roads (Jacob Collamer , chair)Private Land Claims (Ira Harris , chair)Public Buildings and Grounds (Solomon Foot , chair)Public Lands (James Harlan , chair)Retrenchment (N/A, chair)Revolutionary Claims (Morton S. Wilkinson , chair)Slavery and the Treatment of Freedmen (Select)Tariff Regulation (Select)Territories (Benjamin F. Wade , chair)Whole House of Representatives [ edit ] Accounts (Edward H. Rollins , chair)Agriculture (Brutus J. Clay , chair)Banking and Currency (N/A, chair)Bankrupt Law (Select) Claims (James T. Hale , chair)Commerce (Elihu B. Washburne , chair)District of Columbia (Owen Lovejoy , chair)Elections (Henry L. Dawes , chair)Expenditures in the Interior Department (Thomas B. Shannon , chair)Expenditures in the Navy Department (Portus Baxter , chair)Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Theodore M. Pomeroy , chair)Expenditures in the State Department (Frederick A. Pike , chair)Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Amos Myers , chair)Expenditures in the War Department (Henry C. Deming , chair)Expenditures on Public Buildings (John W. Longyear , chair)Foreign Affairs (Henry Winter Davis , chair)Indian Affairs (William Windom , chair)Invalid Pensions (Kellian V. Whaley , chair)Judiciary (James F. Wilson , chair)Manufactures (James K. Moorhead , chair)Mileage (James C. Robinson , chair)Military Affairs (Robert C. Schenck , chair)Militia (Robert B. Van Valkenburgh , chair)Naval Affairs (Alexander H. Rice , chair)Patents (Thomas A. Jenckes , chair)Post Office and Post Roads (John B. Alley , chair)Private Land Claims (M. Russell Thayer , chair)Public Buildings and Grounds (John H. Rice , chair)Public Expenditures (Calvin T. Hulburd , chair)Public Lands (George W. Julian , chair)Revisal and Unfinished Business (Sempronius H. Boyd , chair)Revolutionary Claims (Hiram Price , chair)Revolutionary Pensions (Dewitt C. Littlejohn , chair)Roads and Canals (Isaac N. Arnold , chair)Rules (Select)Standards of Official Conduct Territories (James M. Ashley , chair)Ways and Means (Thaddeus Stevens , chair)Whole House of Representatives [ edit ] ^ Special session of the Senate. ^a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began. ^ Martis, Kenneth C., "Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress: 1789–1989, 1989ISBN 0-02-920170-5 ^ Emancipation Proclamation text found atEmancipation Proclamation , "Featured Texts" online at the National Archives and Records Administration. Viewed April 14, 2014. Martis, Kenneth C. (1989).The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Martis, Kenneth C. (1982).The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
