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| 345th Bombardment Wing | |
|---|---|
 345th Bombardment WingB-57B Canberras in 1957 | |
| Active | 1942–1945; 1954–1957; 1957–1959 |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Tactical bomber |
| Nickname | Air Apaches |
| Insignia | |
| 345th Bombardment Wing emblem[a][1][2] |  |
The345th Bombardment Group is an inactiveUnited States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with theTactical Air Command atLangley Air Force Base, Virginia, where it was inactivated on 25 June 1959.
DuringWorld War II the345th Bombardment Group operated in theSouthwest Pacific Theater as aNorth American B-25 Mitchell medium bomber unit assigned toFifth Air Force. It was awarded both theDistinguished Unit Citation and thePhilippine Presidential Unit Citation for its combat service inNew Guinea; theBismarck Archipelago,Leyte;Luzon; the Southern Philippines and China.
The group was activated on 11 November 1942, atColumbia Army Air Base, South Carolina, byThird Air Force order No. 275. The498th,499th,500th, and501st Bombardment Squadrons were assigned to it. The 345th started with 40 officers and 350 enlisted men, commanded by then Col. Jarred V. Crabb. Full strength, the 345th would contain 250 officers and 1250 enlisted men. At Columbia and other training bases, the group trained for overseas duty withNorth American B-25 Mitchell medium bombers.
Moved to New Guinea, via Australia, April–June 1943, and assigned toFifth Air Force. Entered combat on 30 June 1943. Operations until July 1944 included bombing and strafing Japanese airfields and installations inNew Guinea and theBismarck Archipelago; attacking shipping in the McCluer Gulf, Ceram Sea, and Bismarck Sea; supporting ground forces in the Admiralties; dropping supplies to ground troops; and flying courier and reconnaissance missions in the area. Received aDistinguished Unit Citation for a series of attacks against flak positions, shore installations, and barracks atRabaul,New Britain, on 2 November 1943. Operated fromBiak, July–November 1944, striking airfields and shipping in the southern Philippines and the Celebes. In November 1944 moved to thePhilippines where targets included Japanese airfields and communications onLuzon, industries and communications onFormosa, and shipping along the China coast. After moving toIe Shima in July 1945, flew some missions overKyushu and theSea of Japan. Selected to escort the Japanese surrender party from Japan toIe Shima. It returned to the United States in December 1945 and was inactivated on 29 December 1945.
The reactivation of the 345th had its roots on 1 August 1950, whenContinental Air Command organized the 2215th Combat Crew Training Squadron atLangley Air Force Base, Virginia and assigned it toTactical Air Command (TAC).[3] The 2215th was organized to provide training on theDouglas B-26 Invader for crews headed for theKorean War. On 1 December 1950 TAC once more became a Major Command and the squadron was redesignated the 4440th Combat Crew Training Squadron.
As the need for trained B-26 crews expanded, the squadron became the 4400th Combat Crew Training Group on 12 March 1951 and was assigned the 4400th Training Squadron and the 4400th Maintenance Squadron.[3] The following month, the federalized115th,[4]117th and122d Bombardment Squadrons of theAir National Guard, flying B-26s were assigned to the group. They were joined by the115th Bombardment Squadron in December when it was relieved from attachment to the47th Bombardment Wing. The three National Guard squadrons were returned to state control on 1 January 1953. They were replaced by the regular423d,[5] and424th Bombardment Squadrons,[6]
As the training mission wound down, the group became the 4400th Bombardment Group, Tactical (Training) on 16 January 1954 and became a placeholder for the planned activation of aMartin B-57 Canberra group at Langley. Its mission, personnel and equipment were transferred to the345th Bombardment Group and the 4400th was discontinued on 19 July 1954.[3]
When the 4400th was replaced by the345th Bombardment Group, three of the group's four World War II squadrons were reactivated and the 424th squadron was reassigned to the 345th group. The same month, the firstMartin B-57 Canberras accepted by the Air Force were assigned to the group. These were not bombers, but RB-57A reconnaissance models and were assigned for transition training in the Canberra.[7] The group received its first true bomber, a B-57B before the end of the year.[8]
Trained to maintain combat proficiency in locating, attacking, and destroying targets from all altitudes and under all conditions of weather and light. The service of the B-57 in tactical bomb groups was brief as the decision was made to phase out the B-57 in favor of supersonic tactical fighter-bombers. On 8 October 1957. In 1957, the group was inactivated whenTactical Air Command reorganized its wings under the dual deputy system and the345th Bombardment Wing was simultaneously activated with the group's personnel and equipment.
The 345th BW was about to inactivate atLangley AFB when one of its squadrons had to be hastily deployed in July 1958 toIncirlik Air Base, commanded by Lt. Col. C. T. Garvin, in Turkey to make a show of force in response to a crisis inLebanon. They stayed there three months. After the Lebanon crisis was defused, the B-57Bs were returned to Langley AFB.
The inactivation of the 345th BW was further delayed by a crisis in theTaiwan Straits. In August 1958, Mainland Chinese forces began bombarding the Nationalist-held island ofQuemoy. In late August, the 345th BG sent a detachment of B-57Bs toOkinawa, once again commanded by Lt. Col. C. T. Garvin, to stay on alert just in case mainland forces tried to invadeTaiwan. The crisis soon cooled and hostilities were averted, and the 345th BG returned to the US to begin inactivation. This was completed in June 1959, and the unit was inactivated on 25 June.
On 31 January 1984 the 345th Bombardment Group and the 345th Bombardment Wing were consolidated into a single unit.[9]
345th Bombardment Group
345th Bombardment Wing
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The 345th Bomb Group has an active reunion association holding annual reunions around the country. Additional information about the reunion association can be found at their websiteThe 345th Bomb Group Association The group also maintains a Facebook Page, 345th Bomb Group Association.
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
Further reading
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