Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

2nd century BC

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
One hundred years, from 200 BC to 101 BC
"100s BC" redirects here. For the decade, see100s BC (decade).
Millennia
1st millennium BC
Centuries
Timelines
State leaders
Decades
Categories:
Births –Deaths
Establishments –Disestablishments
Map of the Eastern Hemisphere in 200 BC, the beginning of the second century BC.
Map of the world in 100 BC, the end of the second century BC.

The2nd century BC started the first day of200 BC and ended the last day of101 BC. It is considered part of theClassicalera, although depending on the region being studied, other terms may be more suitable. It is also considered to be the end of theAxial Age.[1] In the context of theEastern Mediterranean, it is the mid-point of theHellenistic period.

Fresh from its victories in theSecond Punic War, theRoman Republic continued its expansion in the western Mediterranean, campaigning in theIberian Peninsula throughout the century and annexing theNorth African coast after the destruction of the city ofCarthage at the end of theThird Punic War. They became the dominant force in theAegean by destroyingAntigonidMacedonia in theMacedonian Wars andCorinth in theAchaean War. The Hellenistic kingdoms ofPtolemaic Egypt andAttalid Pergamon entered into subordinate relationships with the Romans – Pergamon was eventually annexed. The end of the century witnessed the evolution of theRoman army from a citizen army into a voluntary professional force, which later scholars would misattribute to putative reforms by noted general and statesmanGaius Marius (the so-calledMarian Reforms).

In the Near East, the other major Hellenistic kingdom, theSeleucid Empire collapsed into civil war in the middle of the century, following the loss ofAsia Minor to the Romans and the conquest of theIranian plateau andMesopotamia by theParthian empire. Outlying regions became independent kingdoms, notably theHasmonean kingdom inJudaea.

InEast Asia,China reached a high point under theHan dynasty. The Han Empireextended its boundaries from Korea in the east to Vietnam in the South to the borders of modern-day Kazakhstan in the west. The nomadicXiongnu were at the height of their power at the beginning of the century, collecting tribute from the Han. Their victories over theYuezhi set off a chain of westward migrations inCentral Asia. Han efforts to find allies against the Xiongnu by exploring the lands to their west would ultimately lead to the opening of theSilk Road.[2]

InSouth Asia, theMauryan Empire inIndia collapsed when Brihadnatha, the last emperor, was killed byPushyamitra Shunga, a Mauryan general who founded of theShunga Empire. TheGreco-Bactrians crossed theHindu Kush and established theIndo-Greek Kingdom, but lost their homeland inBactria to theSakas, themselves under pressure from the Yuezhi.

Events

[edit]

190s BC

[edit]
Main article:190s BC
TheRosetta Stone, a trilingual decree recording the 196 BC coronation ofPtolemy V atMemphis in Egypt.

180s BC

[edit]
Main article:180s BC
Tomb of Empress Lü in Changling,Xianyang, Shaanxi
A silver coin of 1karshapana of KingPushyamitra Shunga (185-149 BC), founder of theShunga dynasty.

170s BC

[edit]
Main article:170s BC
Bust of Antiochus IV at the Altes Museum in Berlin.

160s BC

[edit]
Main article:160s BC
Cleopatra II ruledEgypt in co-operation and competition with her brothersPtolemy VI andVIII for most of the century.

150s BC

[edit]
Main article:150s BC
Mural from the tomb ofLiu Wu whose principality was at the heart of theRebellion of the Seven States

140s BC

[edit]
Main article:140s BC

130s BC

[edit]
Main article:130s BC
Emperor Wu of Han was probably the most powerful man in the world at the end of the century

120s BC

[edit]
Main article:120s BC
Drachm ofMithridates II ofParthia, wearing a bejeweledtiara.

110s BC

[edit]
Main article:110s BC

100s BC

[edit]
Main article:100s BC

Significant people

[edit]
Scipio Aemilianus
Antiochus the Great
A bust purported to be ofGaius Marius
Polybius
Terence
Coin ofMenander I, theGreek king who ruled most of Northern India (c. 150-130) and converted toBuddhism.
Posidonius was acclaimed as the greatest polymath of his age.

Politics

[edit]

Military

[edit]

Literature

[edit]

Science and philosophy

[edit]

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

[edit]
Hipparchus'equatorial ring.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Meister, Chad (2009).Introducing Philosophy of Religion. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 10.ISBN 978-0-203-88002-9.
  2. ^"Silk Road, North China".The Megalithic Portal.
  3. ^Walbank, F. W. (1992).The Hellenistic world ([Rev.] ed.). London: Fontana. p. 101.ISBN 0-00-686104-0.
  4. ^"Barangay States".History Learning.
  5. ^Green, Peter (1990).Alexander to Actium : the historical evolution of the Hellenistic age. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 304.ISBN 978-0-520-08349-3.
  6. ^Willy Clarysse, Dorothy J. Thompson, Ulrich Luft,Counting the People in Hellenistic Egypt, Vol. 2, Historical Studies (Cambridge University Press, 2006) p. 263
  7. ^Bernard Mineo,A Companion to Livy (Wiley, 2014) p. 412 (drawn by author fromPolybius andLivy
  8. ^Walbank, F. W. (1992).The Hellenistic world ([Rev.] ed.). London: Fontana. p. 98.ISBN 0-00-686104-0.
  9. ^abAlan K. Bowman,Egypt After the Pharaohs, 332 BC–AD 642: From Alexander to the Arab Conquest (University of California Press, 1989), p. 30
  10. ^Errington, R. M. (1989). "Rome against Philip and Antiochus". In Astin, A. E.; Walbank, F. W.; Frederiksen, M. W.; Ogilvie, R. M. (eds.).The Cambridge Ancient History 8: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC (Second ed.). Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. p. 271.ISBN 978-0-521-23448-1.
  11. ^Cartledge, Paul; Spawforth, A. (2002).Hellenistic and Roman Sparta : a tale of two cities (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 74–79.ISBN 0-415-26277-1.
  12. ^Eckart Kèohne,Gladiators and Caesars: The Power of Spectacle in Ancient Rome (University of California Press, 2000) p. 10
  13. ^Kim, Jinwung (2012).A history of Korea: from 'Land of the Morning Calm' to states in conflict. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 16.ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8.
  14. ^T. Boiy,Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon (Peeters Publishers, 2004) p. 157
  15. ^Bringmann, Klaus (2007).A history of the Roman republic. Cambridge, UK: Polity. p. 91.ISBN 978-0-7456-3371-8.
  16. ^Walbank, F. W. (1992).The Hellenistic world ([Rev.] ed.). London: Fontana. p. 237.ISBN 0-00-686104-0.
  17. ^Grainger, John D. (2002).The Roman war of Antiochos the Great. Leiden: Brill. pp. 240–246.ISBN 978-90-04-12840-8.
  18. ^Grainger, John D. (2002).The Roman war of Antiochos the Great. Leiden: Brill. pp. 320–329.ISBN 978-90-04-12840-8.
  19. ^Grainger, John D. (2002).The Roman war of Antiochos the Great. Leiden: Brill. pp. 341–344.ISBN 978-90-04-12840-8.
  20. ^Wilson. Nigel Guy (2006).Encyclopedia of ancient Greece. Routledge. p. 58.ISBN 978-0-415-97334-2.
  21. ^Hölbl, Günther (2013).A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. p. 156.ISBN 978-1-135-11983-6.
  22. ^Thapar, Romila (2013).The past before us: historical traditions of early north India (First Harvard University Press ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 296.ISBN 978-0-674-72651-2.
  23. ^Loewe, Michael (1986). "The Former Han Dynasty". InTwitchett, Dennis;Loewe, Michael (eds.).The Cambridge History of China, Volume 1: The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC–AD 220. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. p. 136.ISBN 978-0-521-24327-8.
  24. ^Bringmann, Klaus (2007) [2002].A History of the Roman Republic. Translated by Smyth, W. J. Cambridge & Malden: Polity Press. p. 97.ISBN 978-0-7456-3371-8.
  25. ^Harris, W. V. (1989). "Roman Expansion in the West". In Astin, A. E.; Walbank, F. W.; Frederiksen, M. W.; Ogilvie, R. M. (eds.).The Cambridge Ancient History 8: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC (Second ed.). Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. p. 125.ISBN 978-0-521-23448-1.
  26. ^Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009).Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present.Princeton University Press. pp. 380–383.ISBN 978-1-4008-2994-1.
  27. ^M. Zambelli, "L'ascesa al trono di Antioco IV Epifane di Siria,"Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica 38 (1960) 363–389
  28. ^Bringmann, Klaus (2007) [2002].A History of the Roman Republic. Translated by Smyth, W. J. Cambridge & Malden: Polity Press. pp. 98–99.ISBN 978-0-7456-3371-8.
  29. ^O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E F (April 1999)."Hipparchus".Maths History. St Andrews University. RetrievedMarch 15, 2024.
  30. ^"15 Significant Science and Tech Discoveries Ancient India Gave the World – Arise Arjuna Foundation". Retrieved2021-06-12.[dead link]
  31. ^"Polybius • Histories – Book 10".penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved2020-06-22.
  32. ^Joseph Needham,Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering (Cambridge University Press, 1985) p. 118
2nd centuryBC
4th centuryBC ← 3rd centuryBC ← ↔ → 1st centuryBC → 1st century
200s BC209 BC208 BC207 BC206 BC205 BC204 BC203 BC202 BC201 BC200 BC
190s BC199 BC198 BC197 BC196 BC195 BC194 BC193 BC192 BC191 BC190 BC
180s BC189 BC188 BC187 BC186 BC185 BC184 BC183 BC182 BC181 BC180 BC
170s BC179 BC178 BC177 BC176 BC175 BC174 BC173 BC172 BC171 BC170 BC
160s BC169 BC168 BC167 BC166 BC165 BC164 BC163 BC162 BC161 BC160 BC
150s BC159 BC158 BC157 BC156 BC155 BC154 BC153 BC152 BC151 BC150 BC
140s BC149 BC148 BC147 BC146 BC145 BC144 BC143 BC142 BC141 BC140 BC
130s BC139 BC138 BC137 BC136 BC135 BC134 BC133 BC132 BC131 BC130 BC
120s BC129 BC128 BC127 BC126 BC125 BC124 BC123 BC122 BC121 BC120 BC
110s BC119 BC118 BC117 BC116 BC115 BC114 BC113 BC112 BC111 BC110 BC
100s BC109 BC108 BC107 BC106 BC105 BC104 BC103 BC102 BC101 BC100 BC
90s BC99 BC98 BC97 BC96 BC95 BC94 BC93 BC92 BC91 BC90 BC
Authority control databases: NationalEdit this at Wikidata
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_century_BC&oldid=1313182182"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp