Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement
Host country	United Arab Republic
Date	5–10 October 1964
Cities	Cairo
Participants	Afghanistan Algeria Angola Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Central African Republic Ceylon Chad Congo Cuba Cyprus Dahomey Ethiopia Ghana Guinea India Indonesia Iraq Jordan Kenya Kuwait Laos Lebanon Liberia Libya Mali Malawi Mauritania Morocco   Nepal Nigeria Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Syria Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda UAR North Yemen Yugoslavia Northern Rhodesia
Chair	Gamal Abdel Nasser (President of Egypt)
Follows	1st Summit (Belgrade,Yugoslavia)
Precedes	3rd Summit (Lusaka,Zambia)

Second Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement on 5–10 October 1964 inCairo,United Arab Republic (Egypt) was the second conference of theNon-Aligned Movement which followed theBelgrade Conference of 1961 and preceded theLusaka Conference of 1970. The city of Cairo was selected as a host of the summit conference at the preparatory meeting held inColombo,Ceylon, on March 23, 1964.^[1] At the beginning of the conference the chairmanship of the Movement was transferred from thePresident of YugoslaviaJosip Broz Tito to thePresident of EgyptGamal Abdel Nasser.^[2]

In his opening remarks Nasser noticed changed international context since the first summit in Belgrade in 1961.^[3] Explaining how non-alignement is not the third bloc but instead opposition to bloc divisions and is active rather than passive policy, he called to abolition of direct and hiddenimperialism, action regarding socioeconomic inequalities and prevention of future obstructions by major powers of historical, political, social and cultural development among people streaming towards freedom.^[3]

President of IndonesiaSukarno noticed peaceful coexistence among major powers whose direct confrontation would lead to mutual destruction.^[3] He nevertheless identified lack or even worsening security situation fordeveloping countries, particularly inSoutheast Asia,Middle East,Cyprus,Congo andLatin America.^[3]President of YugoslaviaJosip Broz Tito welcomed participation of new countries which should lead to wider emancipation of non-alignement, policy of peace and coexistence.^[3] He called for strengthening of international peace and definitive abolition ofcolonialism, international disarmament and more equal development.^[3]President of GhanaKwame Nkrumah identified four major causes of internal tensions to be thedivision of Germany andBerlin, anticolonial liberation struggles for equality, Cold War ideological divisions and finally by the superpower armament.^[3]Prime Minister of India underlined five steps for non-aligned action including nuclear disarmament, peaceful resolution of border disputes, freedom from foreign domination, aggression, subversion and racial discrimination, faster development and full support for theUnited Nations.^[3] President ofRevolutionary Government of Angola in ExileHolden Roberto affirmed how there can be no peace in a country whose people are exposed to oppression.^[3]

One of the prominent issues resolved at the Cairo conference was the disagreement on membership in the movement where Yugoslavia advocated for universalist approach (in which movement would be open to all the non-aligned countries regardless of geography, notably inEurope andLatin America) whileIndonesia at the time advocated for a narrowerAfro-Asian regionalism.^[4] The Indonesian approach, strongly supported byChina, wanted to use Non-Alignement as a continuation of the regionalistBandung Conference.^[4] At the time, the two approaches both overlapped and competed with Indonesian-Chinese plan to organize the Second Bandung Conference in late 1963 or early 1964 andIndian, Egyptian and Yugoslav plan for the second Non-Aligned conference.^[4] Indonesia and China strongly criticized the idea of the Non-Aligned conference as counterproductive to Bandung whilePrime Minister of Sri LankaSirimavo Bandaranaike confronted those criticisms by stressing indivisibility of theWorld peace.^[4] The situation created parallelism in initiatives with preparatory meeting for the Second Non-Aligned Summit taking place inColombo and the Second Bandung preparatory meeting taking place with delay inJakarta.^[4] The Second Bandung preparatory meeting was ultimatelly supported only byGhana,Iran,Cambodia,Guinea andMali in which Cambodia, Guinea and Mali supported both initiatives.^[4] Participants of the second Bandung preparatory meeting proposed that the second meeting should take place in Africa on 10 March 1965 in a country determined by theOrganization of African Unity yet it never took place due toSino-Soviet split and1965 Algerian coup d'état.^[5][4]

57 countries participated in the summit, 10 of which had the observer status.^[3] All 25 countries participating in Belgrade Conference were invited to attend the conference in Cairo as well as all Charter of theOrganization of African Unity parties,Arab countries in attendance of the1964 Arab League Summit as well asMalawi,Laos,Jamaica,Trinidad and Tobago,Argentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Mexico,Uruguay,Venezuela,Austria,Finland, andSweden while invitation ofZambia andBritish Guiana was conditioned on the declaration of independence by October 1964.^[1] Provisional government ofHolden Roberto and other African provisional governments were invited as well.^[1] 26 countries were represented by their respective head of state and 10 by head of government.^[3]

Following countries participated as a full member states.^[6]

Following countries participated as observers.^[6]

• Egypt and the Non-Aligned Movement
• Foreign relations of Egypt

• Non-Aligned Movement Summits
• Foreign relations of Egypt
• Conferences in Cairo
• 1964 conferences
• 1964 in politics
• 1964 in Egypt
• September 1964 in Africa

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