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| 24th Tank Corps (1942–1943) 2nd Guards Tank Corps (1943–1945) 2nd Guards Tank Division (1945–2001) | |
|---|---|
 Guards banner of the corps | |
| Active | 1942–2001 |
| Country |  Soviet Union (1942–1991) Russia (1991–2001) |
| Branch | .svg) Red Army (1942–1991) Russian Ground Forces(1991–2001) |
| Type | Armored |
| Role | Breakthrough and Exploitation in Deep Operations |
| Size | Corps (120–200 tanks) |
| Part of | 36th Combined Arms Army |
| Garrison/HQ | Ulan-Ude |
| Nickname(s) | Tatsinkaya |
| Engagements | |
| Decorations |
|
| Honorifics | Tatsinsk |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | V. M. Badanov |
The2nd Guards Tatsinskaya Tank Corps was atank corps of the Soviet Union'sRed Army that saw service duringWorld War II on theEastern Front of Europe. The unit's most notable moment was in theraid on Tatsinskaya during Operation Little Saturn inWorld War II. After the war, it continued to serve with theSoviet occupation forces inCentral Europe. It was originally the 24th Tank Corps. The formation had approximately the same size and combat power as aWehrmachtPanzer Division, and less than aBritishArmoured Division had during World War II.
After the war the Corps became the 2nd Guards Tank Division in 1945.
During the 21st century, the division was reformed into the5th Guards Tank Brigade, as part of the36th Combined Arms Army.
The 24th Tank Corps was formed in 1942 during re-establishment of thetank corps as a formation. It was equipped with a mix ofT-34 medium,T-60 light,KV-1 heavy, and U.S.Lend-LeaseM3 Stuart light tanks. General Major of Tank ForcesVasilii M. Badanov was placed in command. It was assigned to the6th Army and participated in theStalingrad Defensive Operation on theDon River in July 1942, where it lost approximately two-thirds of its tanks. Its 24th Motorized Brigade conducted offensive operations along the Don together with25th Guards Rifle Division.
After re-building, the corps was assigned to the3rd Guards Army under the command of GeneralDmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko, to participate in encircling GermanArmy Group A inOperation Saturn during theBattle of Stalingrad.
The 24th Tank Corps consisted of the 4th Guards Tank Brigade (Colonel G.I. Kolypov); 54th Tank Brigade (Colonel V.M. Polyakov); the 130th Tank Brigade (Colonel S.K. Nesterov); and the 24th Motor Rifle Brigade (Colonel V.S. Savchenko). Support units included the 13th Mining Engineer Company; the 158th Mobile Repair Base; and the Corps Train.
The Corps undertook theraid on Tatsinskaya duringOperation Little Saturn, from 16 to 28 December 1942. It had to pull out of threatened encirclement under cover of darkness.[1] Much of the matériel and many men were lost during the break-out, but the damage to the Germans had been done.[2] German forces engaged in the relief of Stalingrad had to be withdrawn to deal with the raiders, and many irreplaceable transport planes of the Luftwaffe had been destroyed, with their crews and ground personnel mostly killed. The 24th Tank Corps claimed the destruction of 84 tanks, 106 guns, the killing of 12,000 Axis soldiers and the capture of almost 5,000 more in this operation. In the midst of the successful raid it was renamed the 2nd Guards Tank Corps and given the honorific 'Tatsinskaya.' It was also among the first recipients of the newly createdOrder of Suvorov for this operation. After the raid Badanov was promoted to General-Lieutenant.
During the year at some points the corps was assigned to the1st Guards Army.
The 2nd Guards Tank Corps initially was based on the same units as the 24th Tank Corps. Its individual combat units were also renamed and renumbered as Guards units. With changing organization and equipment during the war, additional units were added. Depending on the specific tasks assigned to the Corps, units from theReserve of the Supreme High Command (Stavka Reserve) could be added to help it achieve its mission.
At theBattle of Kursk, the following Order of Battle (OOB) applied:
Main Combat Units (totaling 187 tanks at Prokohorovka):
Support Units (unconfirmed)
In the remainder of 1943 the Corps fought during theThird Battle Of Kharkov; during theBattle of Prokhorovka at Kursk where it was heavily damaged; inOperation Polkovodets Rumyantsev; and at theBattle of Smolensk. On 31 August 1943 Badanov handed over to Major General of Tank ForcesAlexei S. Burdeinei; Badanov was then appointed commander of the4th Tank Army.
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In 1944 the Corps fought at duringOperation Bagration, during which, in theMinsk Offensive, the 4th Guards Tank Brigade was the first Soviet unit to enter Minsk. On 11 February 1944 corps commander Burdeinei was promoted to General-Lieutenant. Guards SergeantMariya Oktyabrskaya was awarded theHero of the Soviet Union posthumously in 1945 for her actions in the fighting aroundVitebsk in March 1944. The Corps then took part in theBaltic Offensive.
For the successful operations during the liberation of the capital of Belarus, the city of Minsk, the corps headquarters, as well as the 4th, 25th, 26th Guards Tank and 4th Guards Motor Rifle Brigades, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 23 July 1944, were awarded theOrder of the Red Banner. The 4th Guards Tank Brigade was awarded the honorary title "Minsk."
Members of the corps committed the notoriousNemmersdorf massacre during theGumbinnen Operation, torturing and killing tens of German civilians in October 1944.[3]
The corps was withdrawn to the 3rd Belorussian Front reserve on 2 December 1944. It fought in the Insterburg-Königsberg Offensive, part of theEast Prussian Strategic Offensive Operation. The corps was tasked with developing the offensive beginning on the morning of the second day of the Insterburg-Königsberg Offensive, without being bogged down in protracted combat with the German defenders and swiftly bypassing strongpoints, in order to capture the large highway junctions ofGroß Skaisgirren and Mehlawischken highways by the end of the fourth day of the operation. The breakthrough of the corps was planned to be exploited by the5th Army. Before the beginning of the East Prussian offensive, the corps had a strength of 187 T-34, 21 SU-76, and 21 SU-85 at 1900 on 12 January 1945.[4] After suffering heavy losses during the offensive, the corps was withdrawn to the front reserve on 3 February, and did not return to combat again.[5]
In 1943 the corps was assigned to the3rd Tank Army and the5th Guards Tank Army, and in 1944 to the11th Guards Army and the5th Guards Tank Army.
On 24 July 1945, the corps became the 2nd Guards Tank Division inPskov, part of theLeningrad Military District. In 1947, the division moved toVõru. On 23 May 1953, the 4th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment became the 122nd Guards Mechanized Regiment. The 873rd Artillery Regiment was activated from the 273rd Mortar Regiment and the separate howitzer artillery battalion. The 79th Separate Motorcycle Battalion was converted into a reconnaissance battalion. The 338th Separate Chemical Defence Company was activated on the same day. In 1953, the 1695th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment was downsized into the 14th Separate Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion. The division also moved toLuga, Leningrad Oblast that year. In April 1955, the battalion became the 1108th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment. The division underwent major reorganization in June 1957. The 25th Guards Tank Regiment was disbanded and the 26th Guards Tank Regiment became the 268th Guards Tank Regiment. The 90th Guards Heavy Tank Self-Propelled Regiment dropped the designation "Self-Propelled". The 122nd Guards Mechanized Regiment became the 272nd Guards Motor Rifle Regiment.[6]
In 1960, the division's tank training battalion was disbanded. In 1962, the 90th Guards Heavy Tank Regiment became a regular tank regiment. On 19 February 1962, the 139th Separate Equipment Maintenance and Recovery Battalion was activated along with the 201st Separate Missile Battalion. The division was transferred toChoibalsan in Mongolia in April 1968 and became part of the39th Army. Before the move, the 79th Separate Reconnaissance Battalion was replaced by the 86th Separate Reconnaissance Battalion. After the division arrived at Choibalsan, the 272nd Guards Motor Rifle Regiment was replaced by the 456th Motor Rifle Regiment. The 51st Separate Guards Sapper Battalion became an engineer-sapper battalion. In 1980, the motor transport battalion became the 1084th Separate Material Supply Battalion. During the mid-1980s, the division replaced itsT-62 tanks with newerT-72 tanks.[6]
Units of the division in 1988 before being reduced, included:[6]
In May 1990, the division was withdrawn toBezrechnaya,Chita Oblast, and became part of the55th Army Corps,Siberian Military District. It was assigned the newMilitary Unit Number 49539. It was then downsized into the 3742nd Guards Central Tank Reserve Base in March 2001. In 2005, the base was disbanded.[6]
On 1 December 2001 the245th Motor Rifle Division inherited the tradition, honors and awards from the 2nd Guards Tank Division, and was renamed 245th Guards Motorised Rifle Division.[7] The 245th Guards MRD was disbanded on 1 December 2005. The 245th Guards MRD was then reactivated on 1 February 2006 as the 6th Guards Weapons and Equipment Storage Base (Mechanised Troops) in the city ofGusinoozersk of theRepublic of Buryatia.[8]
Following the beginning of the2008 Russian military reform, in June 2009 the "Tatinskaya" honorific was assigned again to an active organisation. The 6th Guards Weapons and Equipment Storage Base was disbanded, and the divisional battle banner, honorary name, and awards bestowed on the newly formed 5th Separate Guards Tank Brigade at Divizionnaya,Ulan Ude. Tank units and elements of the5th Guards Tank Division were also used to form the new brigade.[9]
The brigade has been involved in Russian interference in Ukraine since 2015 at least. It took part in fierce fighting, engaging Ukrainian tanks to encircleDebaltseve in January–February 2015.[10] A tank gunner in the Brigade suffered horrific burns after his tank was knocked out near the village of Logvinovo. On February 16, 2016, the brigade commander, Colonel Ruslan Galitsky, was decorated on the anniversary of the Debaltsevo fighting, but then he was killed in December 2016 inAleppo,Syria. The brigade then played a leading role in the Selenga-2016 military exercises held in August and September 2016 with theMongolian Armed Forces.
The brigade was involved in theKyiv offensive of the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, losing some vehicles in theBattle of Ivankiv, northwest of Kyiv.
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