| Value | 0.02euro |
|---|---|
| Mass | 3.06 g |
| Diameter | 18.75 mm |
| Thickness | 1.67 mm |
| Edge | Smooth with continuous groove |
| Composition | Copper-platedsteel |
| Years of minting | Since 1999 |
| Obverse | |
| Design | Numerous variations, see below. |
| Designer | Various |
| Design date | Various |
| Reverse | |
 | |
| Design | Globe with theEU-15 highlighted next to the denomination shown in Latin characters |
| Designer | Luc Luycx |
| Design date | 2002 |
The2 euro cent coin (€0.02) has a value of one-fiftieth of aeuro and is composed ofcopper-platedsteel. Alleuro coins have a common reverse and country-specific (national) obverse. The coin has been used since 2002 and was not redesigned in 2007 as were the higher-value coins.
The coin dates from 2002, wheneuro coins andbanknotes were introduced in the twelve-membereurozone and itsrelated territories. Despite this, a few coins were issued beginning in 1999. The common side was designed byLuc Luycx, aBelgian artist who won a Europe-wide competition to design the new coins. The design of the 1 to 5 cent coins was intended to show theEuropean Union's (EU) place in the world (relative toAfrica andAsia) as opposed to the one and two euro coins showing the 15 states as one and the 10- to 50-cent coins showing separateEU states.
The national sides, then 15 (eurozone +Monaco,San Marino and theVatican who could mint their own) were each designed according to national competitions, though to specifications which applied to all coins, such as the requirement of including twelve stars (seeeuro coins for more). National designs were not allowed to change until the end of 2008, unless a monarch (whose portrait usually appears on the coins) died or abdicated. This happened in Monaco and the Vatican City, resulting in three new designs in circulation (the Vatican had an interim design until the newPope was selected). National designs have seen some changes due to new rules stating that national designs should include the name of the issuing country (Finland and Belgium both do not show their name, and hence have made minor changes).
As theEU's membership has sinceexpanded (in 2004 and 2007), with further expansions envisaged, the common face of all euro coins from the value of 10 cent and above was redesigned in 2007 to show a new map. The 1- to 5-cent coins, however, did not change, as the highlighting of the old members over the globe was so faint it was not considered worth the cost. But new national coin designs were added in 2007 with the entry ofSlovenia, in 2008 withCyprus andMalta, in 2009 withSlovakia, in 2011 withEstonia, in 2014 withLatvia, in 2015 withLithuania, and in 2023 withCroatia.Andorra began minting its own designs in 2014 after winning the right to do so.
The coins are composed ofcopper-coveredsteel, with a diameter of 18.75 mm, a 1.67 mm thickness and a mass of 3.06 grams. The edges are smooth with a continuous groove running round the coin. This groove helps thevisually impaired to distinguish the 2-cent coin from the smooth 1-cent and 5-cent coins, as well as theU.S. penny, which has the same diameter. The coins have been used from 2002, though some are dated 1999 which is the year theeuro was created as a currency, but not put into general circulation.
The reverse was designed by Luc Luycx and displays a globe in the bottom right. The then-fifteen members of the EU are lightly highlighted and the northern half ofAfrica and the western half ofAsia (including theMiddle East) are shown. Six fine lines cut diagonally behind the globe from each side of the coin and have twelve stars at their ends (reflective of theflag of Europe). To the top left is a large number 2 followed, in smaller text, by the words "Euro Cent". The designer's initials, LL, appear to the right of the globe.
Starting in 2017 coins from individual member states have started adjusting their common side design to a new version, identified by smaller and more rounded numeral "2" and longer lines outside of the stars at the coin's circumference.[2]
The obverse side of the coin depends on the issuing country. All have to include twelve stars (in most cases in a circle around the edge), the engraver's initials, and the year of issue. New designs also have to include the name or initials of the issuing country. The side cannot repeat the denomination of the coin unless the issuing country uses an alphabet other thanLatin. (Currently this is true only ofGreece, which engraves "2 ΛΕΠΤΑ" upon their coins in theGreek alphabet.Austria, which still shows the denomination inGerman, will have to change its design to comply; seebelow.)
| State | Details | Years of minting | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
 Andorran euro coins | APyrenean chamois and agolden eagle. | 2015–onward |  |
 Austrian euro coins | AnAlpineedelweiss as a symbol of Austria's part in developingEU environmental policy. The words "ZWEI EURO CENT" (two euro cent) appear at the top with ahatchedAustrian flag below with the date. | 1999–onward |  |
 Belgian euro coins | FIRST SERIES: Aneffigy ofKing Albert II. To the right-hand side among the stars was the kingsmonogram, a letter "A", underneath a crown. The year is lower down, also among the stars. | 2002–2007 |  |
| SECOND SERIES: A redesign to include the letters BE (standing for Belgium) beneath the monogram, which was moved out of the stars into the centre circle but still to the right of the King's renewed portrait. The date was also moved out and placed beneath the effigy and included two symbols either side (left: signature mark of the master of the mint, right: mint mark). | 2008–2013 | ||
| THIRD SERIES: In 2013, Albert II abdicated withPhilippe of Belgium becoming King. He subsequently replaced Albert on Belgian coins. | 2014–onward | ||
 Croatian euro coins | A ligature forGlagolitic letters ⰘⰓ (HR) and the word "Hrvatska" ("Croatia"), accomplished by a checkerboard in the background, designed by Maja Škripelj. | 2023–onward |  |
 Cypriot euro coins | TwoMouflons, a species of wildsheep on Cyprus that represents the island's wildlife. It includes, in a semicircle to the top right, the name of Cyprus inGreek andTurkish (ΚΥΠΡΟΣ and KIBRIS) each side of the date. | 2008–onward |  |
 Estonian euro coins | A geographical image of Estonia and the word “Eesti” (“Estonia”). | 2011–onward |  |
 Finnish euro coins | FIRST SERIES: The heraldic lion of Finland found on theCoat of arms of Finland. It is a reproduction of a design by the sculptorHeikki Häiväoja and has been used by previous Finnish coins such as the 1markka between 1964 and 2001. The first series included the initial of the mint master of the Mint of Finland, Raimo Makkonen (an M), on the bottom left side of the lion and the date to the left. | 1999–2006 |  |
| SECOND SERIES: When the coins were redesign to meet the new design requirements, the initial was replaced by the mint's mint mark and moved to the left, with the letters FI (for Finland) sitting in the bottom right. | 2007–onward | ||
 French euro coins | Marianne, the feminine representation of France, its state and its values. It is the most prominent representation of France and its ideals of liberty and reason, dating from 1848. The depiction is young and determined, embodying France's desire for a sound and lasting Europe. The letters RF (République française), stylised, appear to the right above the year. | 1999–onward |  |
 German euro coins | Anoak twig, an image carried over from the previouspfennig. The year and mint mark are shown at the bottom. | 1999 onward |  |
 Greek euro coins | Acorvette, a ship used during theGreek War of Independence. Below it is the denomination inGreek and above is the year. | 2002–onward | |
 Irish euro coins | The national emblem of Ireland, an Irish harp (the Cláirseach, seeClàrsach). Vertically on the left-hand side is the word "Éire" (Ireland in theIrish language) and on the right-hand side is the date. The harp motif was designed by Jarlath Hayes. | 2002–2015 |  |
 Italian euro coins | A depiction of theMole Antonelliana, a museum inTurin completed in 1889 which was originally intended as asynagogue. It includes the interconnected letters RI (Repubblica Italiana) to the left and the year at the right. | 1999–2018 |  |
 Latvian euro coins | A small coat of arms of the Republic of Latvia above the word LATVIJA (Latvia). | 2014–onward |  |
 Lithuanian euro coins | TheVytis (symbol of the coat-of-arms) and the word “Lietuva”, which means “Lithuania”. The twelve stars, symbols of the EU, surrounds the Vytis. | 2015–onward | |
 Luxembourgish euro coins | A stylised effigy ofGrand Duke Henri of Luxembourg designed byYvette Gastauer-Claire in consultation with thegovernment andmonarchy of Luxembourg. The nameLëtzebuerg (Luxembourg inLuxembourgish) and the year is written round the bottom of the coin. | 1999–onward | |
 Maltese euro coins | Depicts an altar of the prehistoricmegalithMnajdra temples. The temples were built in thefourth millennium BCE on the southern coast overlooking the sea. Beneath the depiction is the name Malta and the year. | 2008–onward |  |
 Monégasque euro coins | FIRST SERIES: The coat of arms of Monaco with the name MONACO across the top of the coin's outer circle and the year across the bottom of the outer circle with the mint marks. | 2002–2006 | |
| SECOND SERIES: WhenPrince Albert II succeededPrince Rainier III in 2005, the overall design was kept but the name and the year were moved within the circle to bring it in line with the new designs of the other coins that had changed significantly. | 2006–onward | ||
 Dutch euro coins | FIRST SERIES: A stylised profile of QueenBeatrix of the Netherlands surrounded by the twelve stars and other dots, with the inscription "Beatrix Queen of The Netherlands" in Dutch around the edge. The date and mint marks are located at the bottom. | 1999–2013 |  |
| SECOND SERIES: Following the accession to the throne ofKing Willem-Alexander, a new series of euro coins was issued depicting the effigy of the new Head of State. | 2014–onward | ||
 Portuguese euro coins | The royal seal of 1134 (stylised "Portugal") surrounded by the country's castles and fiveescutcheons with silverbezants set in relation to the surrounding European stars, and is intended to symbolise dialogue, exchange of values and dynamics in the building of Europe. Between the castles are the numbers of the year towards the bottom and the letters of the name Portugal between the upper icons. The stars are inset on a ridge. | 1999–onward |  |
 Sammarinese euro coins | FIRST SERIES: TheStatua della Libertà (Statue of Liberty) on thePalazzo Pubblico. To the left are the words San Marino and to the right, the date. The mint marks are shown to the lower right. | 2012–2017 | |
| SECOND SERIES: The official coat of arms of the Republic of San Marino, the City Gate and the Church of St Quirinus, respectively. | 2018–onward | ||
 Slovak euro coins | Kriváň, a notable peak of theTatra mountains. Kriváň symbolises Slovakia's sovereignty. Below is the name SLOVENSKO (Slovakia), then the year and thecoat of arms of Slovakia with the mint marks either side. | 2009–onward | |
 Slovenian euro coins | ThePrince's Stone, a reversed ancientIonic column which was used in theinauguration ceremonies ofKarantanian princes in theEarly Middle Ages, symbolic of the ancient organisation of power in Slovenia. Between the stars round the right-hand edge are the letters SLOVENIJA (Slovenia), followed by the date to the lower left. | 2007–onward |  |
 Spanish euro coins | FIRST SERIES: The Obradoiro façade of theCathedral of Santiago de Compostela, a prime example of SpanishBaroque architecture started in 1667 by Jose del Toro and Domingo de Andrade and completed in the 18th century by Fernando Casas y Novoa. The cathedral, which isRomanesque and dates from 1128, is a majorpilgrimage destination. The name España (Spain) is shown to the top left and the top-left five stars are indented on a raised area, inverting the effect of the rest of the coin. The date is shown to the top right. | 1999–2009 | |
| SECOND SERIES: In 2010 the raised area around the stars was removed. | 2010–onward | ||
 Vatican euro coins | FIRST SERIES: An effigy ofPope John Paul II. The nameCITTA DEL VATICANO (Vatican City), followed by the year and mint mark, was written in a break between the stars below. | 2000–2005 | |
| SECOND SERIES: Following the death of John Paul II in 2005, a new coin was issued during theSede vacante until a new Pope was chosen. This contained the insignia of theApostolic Chamber and the coat of arms of theCardinal Chamberlain. | 2005–2006 | ||
| THIRD SERIES: WhenPope Benedict XVI was elected, his effigy appeared on the coins, with the name of the city now broken to his top right with the year and mint mark in the middle to his right. | 2006–2013 | .jpg) | |
| FOURTH SERIES: In 2014 the coins were updated with the election ofPope Francis.CITTA DEL VATICANO is written around the top, broken by Pope Francis's head, with the date below the O in Vaticano. | 2014–2016 |  | |
| FIFTH SERIES: After the announcement that Pope Francis would not appear on any coins issued by the Vatican, a new series of euro coins were issued to depict the papal coat of arms of Francis. | 2017–onward |
Austria, Germany and Greece will at some point need to update their designs to comply with guidelines requiring them to include the issuing state's name or initial, and to not repeat the denomination of the coin.
In addition, there are several EU states that have not yet adopted the euro. Some of them have already agreed upon their coin designs, but it is not known exactly when they will adopt the currency, and hence these are not yet minted. SeeEnlargement of the eurozone for expected entry dates of these countries.
The one- and two-cent coins were initially introduced in order to ensure that the introduction of the euro was not used as an excuse by retailers to heavily round up prices. However, due to the cost to business and the mints of maintaining a circulation of low value coins,Belgium,Estonia,Finland,Ireland,Italy,Lithuania, theNetherlands andSlovakia round prices to the nearest five cent (Swedish rounding) for cash payments, producing only a handful of those coins for collectors rather than general circulation.[3] Despite this, the coins are still legal tender and produced outside these states, so if a customer with a two-cent coin minted elsewhere wishes to pay with it, they may.[4]
The Dutch Bank calculated it would save $36 million a year by not using the smaller coins. Other countries such asGermany favoured retaining the coins due to their desire for €1.99 prices, which appear more attractive to the consumer than a €2 price.[4] According to aEurobarometer survey of EU citizens, 64% across the Eurozone want their removal with prices rounded; with over 70% in Belgium, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Slovakia. Only Portugal and Latvia had a plurality in favour of retaining the coins (49% against removal, 45–46% in favour).[5]
InFlemish language, the 1c, 2c and 5c coins have thenicknamekoper (copper),ros (redhead),roske orrostjes (little redhead) due to their color.
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| Coins by country with minting rights |
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