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2C-EF

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Pharmaceutical compound

2C-EF
Clinical data

Other names	4-(2-Fluoroethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine; 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(2-fluoroethyl)phenethylamine
Routes of administration	Oral^[1]
Drug class	Serotonergic psychedelic;Hallucinogen
ATC code	None
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Deamination (MAOTooltip monoamine oxidase),demethylation,hydroxylation,acetylation,glucuronidation^[2]
Duration of action	12 hours^[1]
Identifiers
IUPAC name 2-[4-(2-fluoroethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethan-1-amine
CAS Number	1222814-77-8
PubChemCID	44350106
ChemSpider	23206505
ChEMBL	ChEMBL421439
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID201336575
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₂H₁₈FNO₂
Molar mass	227.279 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES COC1=CC(=C(C=C1CCN)OC)CCF
InChI InChI=1S/C12H18FNO2/c1-15-11-8-10(4-6-14)12(16-2)7-9(11)3-5-13/h7-8H,3-6,14H2,1-2H3 Key:KXPMRPNOYIOXFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

2C-EF, also known as4-(2-fluoroethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is apsychedelic drug of thephenethylamine and2C families.^[3]^[4]^[1] It is the 2Canalogue of theDOx psychedelicDOEF.^[3]^[4] The drug is takenorally.^[3]^[1] 2C-EF was first described in the literature byAlexander Shulgin in his 1991 bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved.^[4]

Use and effects

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While 2C-EF was briefly mentioned byAlexander Shulgin in his bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), its properties and effects were not described.^[4] Subsequently, in his bookThe Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds, Shulgin listed 2C-EF's dose range as 6 to 12 mgorally and itsduration as 12 hours.^[1]^[3] This information was cited via personal communication with M. Mueller in 2006.^[3]

Interactions

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2C-EF ismetabolized bymonoamine oxidase (MAO)enzymes, includingmonoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and/ormonoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).^[2]Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such asphenelzine,tranylcypromine,moclobemide, andselegiline may potentiate the effects of 2C-EF.^[2]^[5] This may result inoverdose and serioustoxicity.^[2]^[5]

Pharmacology

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Pharmacodynamics

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2C-EF is aserotonergic psychedelic and hence presumably acts as aserotonin 5-HT_2A receptor agonist.^[1]

Pharmacokinetics

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Themetabolism of 2C-EF has been studiedin vitro.^[2] It undergoesdemethylation at position 2 or 5,hydroxylation, anddeamination, as well asacetylation andglucuronidation.^[2] Oxidative deamination, mediated mainly bymonoamine oxidase (MAO)enzymes, is the main route of metabolism for 2C-EF.^[2]

Chemistry

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Analogues

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Analogues of 2C-EF include2C-E,2C-T-21,2C-TFM,2C-TFE,DOEF, and2C-EF-FLY, among others.^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8]

History

[edit]

2C-EF was originally named byAlexander Shulgin in his 1991 bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).^[4] However, he only speculated about it and never actuallysynthesized or tested it himself.^[4] Subsequently, 2C-EF was synthesized and tested by others such asDaniel Trachsel.^[9]^[6]^: 770

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fHalberstadt AL, Chatha M, Stratford A, Grill M, Brandt SD (January 2019)."Comparison of the behavioral responses induced by phenylalkylamine hallucinogens and their tetrahydrobenzodifuran ("FLY") and benzodifuran ("DragonFLY") analogs".Neuropharmacology.144:368–376.doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.037.PMC 6863604.PMID 30385253.According to Shulgin and Shulgin (1991), 2C-E is active at doses of 10–25 mg. 4-(2-Fluoroethyl)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-EF) also reportedly acts as a hallucinogen and is orally active in humans at doses of 6–12 mg with a duration of 12 hours (Shulgin et al. 2011), although information about the extent of recreational use of this substance appears to be lacking.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gArbouche N, Gheddar L, Ameline A, Raul JS, Kintz P (2025)."Metabolic profiling of 2C-EF in human liver microsomes: Identification of major metabolites and biotransformation pathways".Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique.doi:10.1016/j.toxac.2025.08.005.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eShulgin A, Manning T, Daley P (2011).The Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds. Vol. 1. Berkeley:Transform Press.ISBN 978-0-9630096-3-0.2C-EF [...] (7,8) [...] (7) Not in the published scientific literature. (8) Orally active in humans at 6-10 mg; duration 12 hours (Mueller, 2006).
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gShulgin A,Shulgin A (September 1991).PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. Berkeley, California: Transform Press.ISBN 0-9630096-0-5.OCLC 25627628."DOEF".And I'll bet you dollars to doughnuts, that if one were to make the two-carbon analog 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(2-fluoroethyl)phenethylamine, it would be every bit as much a treasure and ally as is 2C-B or 2C-I. In fact, I am sure enough about this prediction that I am willing to name the stuff 2C-EF. It will be easily made from 2C-B by the same reaction scheme that was used above for DOEF. And I will even guess that its activity level will be in the 20–30 milligram area.
^^a ^bHalman A, Kong G, Sarris J, Perkins D (January 2024)."Drug-drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review".Journal of Psychopharmacology.38 (1):3–18.doi:10.1177/02698811231211219.PMC 10851641.PMID 37982394.
^^a ^bTrachsel D, Lehmann D, Enzensperger C (2013).Phenethylamine: Von der Struktur zur Funktion. Nachtschatten Verlag AG.ISBN 978-3-03788-700-4.
^Wagmann L, Hempel N, Richter LH, Brandt SD, Stratford A, Meyer MR (October 2019). "Phenethylamine-derived new psychoactive substances 2C-E-FLY, 2C-EF-FLY, and 2C-T-7-FLY: Investigations on their metabolic fate including isoenzyme activities and their toxicological detectability in urine screenings".Drug Testing and Analysis.11 (10):1507–1521.doi:10.1002/dta.2675.PMID 31299701.
^Santos-Toscano R, Guirguis A, Davidson C (March 2020)."How preclinical studies have influenced novel psychoactive substance legislation in the UK and Europe".British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.86 (3):452–481.doi:10.1111/bcp.14224.PMC 7080617.PMID 32045495.
^Clare BW (September 1998). "The frontier orbital phase angles: novel QSAR descriptors for benzene derivatives, applied to phenylalkylamine hallucinogens".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.41 (20):3845–3856.doi:10.1021/jm980144c.PMID 9748359.

External links

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Psychedelics

Tryptamines

No ring subs.	CYB004 (deuDMT) DALT DBT DET (T-9) DiPT DMT DPT EiPT EPT iPALT (ALiPT) MALT MET MiPT MPT NBoc-DMT NMT PALT PiPT Tryptamine (T)
4-Hydroxytryptamines	4-HO-DALT (daltocin) 4-HO-DBT 4-HO-DET (ethocin; CZ-74) 4-HO-DiPT (iprocin) 4-HO-DPT (deprocin) 4-HO-EPT (eprocin) 4-HO-MALT (maltocin) 4-HO-McPT 4-HO-MET (metocin) 4-HO-MiPT (miprocin) 4-HO-MPT (meprocin) 4-HO-NALT 4-HO-NBnT 4-HO-NET 4-HO-NiPT 4-HO-NPT 4-HO-T 4-HO-TMT 4-HO-5-MeO-DMT 4-MeO-DMT CYB003 (deupsilocin) Psilocin (4-HO-DMT; CX-59) 4-Phosphoryloxytryptamines:Aeruginascin (4-PO-TMT) Baeocystin (4-PO-NMT) Ethocybin (4-PO-DET; CEY-19) Norbaeocystin (4-PO-T) Psilocybin (4-PO-DMT; CY-39) 4-Acetoxytryptamines:4-AcO-DALT (daltacetin) 4-AcO-DET (ethacetin) 4-AcO-DiPT (ipracetin) 4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin) 4-AcO-DPT (depracetin) 4-AcO-MALT 4-AcO-MET (metacetin) 4-AcO-MiPT (mipracetin) 4-GO-DMT (RE-109) 4-PrO-DiPT 4-PrO-DMT Luvesilocin (4-GO-DiPT; RE-104, FT-104)
5-Hydroxytryptamines	Bufotenin (5-HO-DMT) Serotonin (5-HT; 5-HO-T) 5-Acetoxytryptamines:O-Acetylbufotenine (5-AcO-DMT) O-Pivalylbufotenine (5-t-BuCO-DMT)
5-Methoxytryptamines	4-HO-5-MeO-DMT 5-MeO-2,N,N-TMT 5-MeO-DALT 5-MeO-DBT 5-MeO-DET 5-MeO-DiPT 5-MeO-DMT (mebufotenin) 5-MeO-DPT 5-MeO-EiPT 5-MeO-MALT 5-MeO-MET 5-MeO-MiPT 5-MeO-NiPT 5-MeO-NMT ASR-3001 (5-MeO-iPALT)
Other ring subs.	2,N,N-TMT 5-Bromo-DMT 5-Chloro-DMT 5-Fluoro-DMT 5-N,N-TMT 7,N,N-TMT 5-MeO-2,N,N-TMT 6-Fluoro-DMT 6-Hydroxy-DET (6-HO-DET) Bretisilocin (GM-2505; 5-fluoro-MET)
α-Alkyltryptamines	4-HO-AMT 4-Methyl-AMT 5-Fluoro-AMT 6-Fluoro-AMT AMT (Indopan) α-Methylserotonin (5-HO-αMT) α,N,N-TMT (α-Me-DMT; Alpha-N) N-Hydroxy-AMT 5-Methoxy-α-alkyltryptamines:5-MeO-AET 5-MeO-AMT (α,O-DMS; Alpha-O) α,N,O-TMS (5-MeO-α,N-DMT) α,N,N,O-TeMS (5-MeO-α,N,N-TMT)
Others	N-DEAOP-Ts (e.g.,N-DEAOP-NET,N-DEAOP-NMT,5-MeO-N-DEAOP-NMT,5-MeO-N-DEAOP-NET) Structure undisclosed:CT-4201 EB-002 (EB-373) MSP-1014 MYCO-004
Cyclized	Ergolines/lysergamides (e.g.,LSD) β-Carbolines andHarmala alkaloids (e.g.,harmine,harmaline,6-methoxyharmalan) Iboga alkaloids (e.g.,18-MAC,18-MC,coronaridine,ibogaine,ibogamine,ME-18-MC,noribogaine,tabernanthine,voacangine) Ibogalogs (e.g.,ibogainalog) O-Methylnordehydrobufotenine Partial ergolines (e.g.,NDTDI,RU-28306,CT-5252) Piperidinylethylindoles (e.g.,pip-T) Pyrrolidinylethylindoles (e.g.,pyr-T,5-MeO-pyr-T) Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles (e.g.,MPMI,4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol),5-MeO-MPMI) Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g.,RU-28253 (5-MeO-THPI),NEtPhOH-THPI)
Bioisosteres	Benzofurans (e.g.,5-MeO-DiBF,dimemebfe (5-MeO-BFE),mebfap) Benzothiophenes (e.g.,3-APBT) Indazolethylamines (e.g.,AL-38022A,O-methyl-AL-34662) Indenylethylamines (e.g.,C-DMT) Isotryptamines (e.g.,6-MeO-isoDMT,Ro60-0175) MYCO-005 Quinolinylethylamines (e.g.,mefloquine)

Phenethylamines

Scalines	2-Bromomescaline 3-TE 3-TM 4-Desoxymescaline (DESOXY) 4-TE 4-TM Allylescaline Beta-D Cyclopropylmescaline Difluoroescaline Difluoromescaline N,N-Diformylmescaline Escaline Fluoroescaline Fluoroproscaline N-Formylmescaline Isobuscaline Isoproscaline Jimscaline Mescaline (3,4,5-TMPEA) Metadifluoromescaline (MDFM) Metaescaline Methallylescaline N-Methylmescaline (M-M) NBOMe-escaline NBOMe-mescaline Proscaline Thioproscaline Tomscaline Trichocereine (N,N-dimethylmescaline; MM-M) Trifluoroescaline Trifluoromescaline
2C-x	2C-B 2C-Bn 2C-Bu 2C-C 2C-CN 2C-CP 2C-D 2C-E 2C-EF 2C-F 2C-H 2C-I 2C-iBu 2C-iP 2C-N 2C-NH2 2C-P 2C-Se 2C-Se-TFM 2C-tBu 2C-TFE 2C-TFM 2C-YN 2C-V 2C-T-x:2C-T 2C-T-2 2C-T-3 2C-T-4 2C-T-5 2C-T-6 2C-T-7 2C-T-8 2C-T-9 2C-T-10 2C-T-11 2C-T-12 2C-T-13 2C-T-14 2C-T-15 2C-T-16 2C-T-17 2C-T-18 2C-T-19 2C-T-20 2C-T-21 2C-T-22 2C-T-22.5 2C-T-23 2C-T-24 2C-T-25 2C-T-27 2C-T-28 2C-T-30 2C-T-31 2C-T-32 CYB210010 (2C-T-TFM, 2C-T-36) 2C-O-x:2C-O 2C-O-2 2C-O-4 Others:2C-B-AN 2C-DB 2C-G-x (e.g.,2C-G-3,2C-G-5) β-Keto-2C-B (βk-2C-B) β-Keto-2C-I (βk-2C-I) β-Methyl-2C-B (BMB) BOx (e.g.,BOB,BOD,BOH-2C-B) HOT-x (e.g.,HOT-2,HOT-7,HOT-17) N-Ethyl-2C-B TWEETIOs (e.g.,2CD-2-ETO,2CD-5-ETO,2CE-5-ETO,2CE-5iPrO,2CT2-5-ETO,ASR-2001 (2CB-5PrO))
3C-x	3C-AL 3C-BZ 3C-DFE 3C-E 3C-MAL 3C-P TMA (3C-M)
DOx	DOAM DOB DOBU DOC DOEF DOET DOH (2,5-DMA) DOI DOIB DOIP DOM DON DOPR DOTFM DOYN Aleph-x (DOT-x):Aleph (DOT) Aleph-2 Aleph-4 Aleph-6 Aleph-7 TMA-2 and derivatives (Mxx):MALM MEM MDFEM MFEM MIPM MMALM MPM MTFEM TMA-2 Others:DODB DODC DOM-NBOMe DOTMA Ganeshas (G-x) (e.g.,Ganesha (G, G-0) N-Hydroxy-DOM
4C-x	4C-B 4C-C 4C-D (Ariadne) 4C-E 4C-I 4C-N 4C-P 4C-T-2
Ψ-PEA	Ψ-2C-DFMO (ψ-2C-O-35) Ψ-2C-T-4 Ψ-DODFMO Ψ-DOM TMA-6 (Ψ-TMA-2)
MDxx	5-Methyl-MDA 6-Methyl-MDA DMMDA DMMDA-2 EIDA EMDA-2 IDA Lophophine (MMDPEA) Lys-MDA MDA (tenamfetamine) MDHMA MDMA (midomafetamine; ecstasy) MDOH MMDA MMDA-2 MMDA-3a MMDA-3b MMDMA N-t-BOC-MDMA (R)-MDMA
FLY	2C-B-FLY 2C-B-BUTTERFLY 2C-B-DragonFLY 2C-B-DragonFLY-NBOH 2C-B-FLY-NB2EtO5Cl 2CB-5-hemifly 2CBFly-NBOMe Bromo-DragonFLY DOB-FLY DOH-FLY TFMFly
25x-NB (NBOMes)	25x-NBOMe:25B-NBOMe 25C-NBOMe 25CN-NBOMe 25D-NBOMe 25E-NBOMe 25F-NBOMe 25G-NBOMe 25H-NBOMe 25I-NBOMe 25iP-NBOMe 25N-NBOMe 25O-NBOMe 25P-NBOMe 25T-NBOMe 25T2-NBOMe 25T4-NBOMe 25T7-NBOMe 25TFM-NBOMe 25x-NBOH:25B-NBOH 25C-NBOH 25CN-NBOH 25D-NBOH 25E-NBOH 25I-NBOH 25P-NBOH Others:25B-NB (N-benzyl-2C-B) 2C-B-AN 2C2-NBOMe 2CBCB-NBOMe 2CBFly-NBOMe DOM-NBOMe NBOMe-escaline NBOMe-mescaline TGF-8027
Others	2-TOET 2-TOM 25B-NAcPip 4-HA 5-TOET 5-TOM Benzofurans (e.g.,5-APB,5-APDB,6-APB,6-APDB,F,F-2,F-22) Benzothiophenes (e.g.,5-APBT,6-APBT) CT-5172 DMAs (e.g.,2,4-DMA,3,4-DMA) Fenfluramine MMA (3-MeO-4-MA) Norfenfluramine PEA-NDEPAs (e.g.,25D-NM-NDEAOP,DOB-NDEPA,DOI-NDEPA,DOM-NDEPA,DOTFM-NDEPA,M-NDEPA,TMA-2-NDEPA) PMA (4-MA) TMAs (e.g.,TMA-3,TMA-4,TMA-5) TOMSO ZDCM-04 Structure undisclosed:CYB005
Cyclized	1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g.,2CB-Ind,jimscaline) 2-Aminoindanes (e.g.,DOM-AI) 3-Benzazepines (e.g.,lorcaserin) 3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g.,LPH-5,LPH-48) Benzocyclobutenes (e.g.,2CBCB-NBOMe,TCB-2,tomscaline) Benzoxepins (e.g.,BBOX,IBOX,TFMBOX) DMBMPP (juncosamine) Ergolines/lysergamides (e.g.,LSD) Glaucine Partial ergolines (e.g.,NDTDI,DEIMDHPCA,DEMPDHPCA,DEMTMPDHPCA,DEMNDHPCA) Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g.,DMCPA,TMT) Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes) (e.g.,2C-B-aminorex) Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g.,IHCH-7113) Z3517967757 ZC-B

Lysergamides

1-Alkyllysergamides (prodrugs):Methysergide (1-methylmethylergonovine; UML-491)
MLA-74 (1-methyl-LAE)
MLD-41 (1-methyl-LSD)
MPD-75 (1-methyl-LPD)
OML-632 (1-hydroxymethyl-LSD)

Other ring system-substituted lysergamides:12-Hydroxy-LSD
12-Methoxy-LSD

Bioisosteres:JRT

Others

Arylpiperazines (e.g.,2C-B-PP,2-NP,mCPP,MK-212,ORG-12962,pCPP,pFPP,quipazine,TFMPP)
Dihydrobenzoxazines (e.g.,efavirenz)
Phenoxyethylamines (e.g.,CT-4719,ORG-37684)
Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g.,IHCH-7113)
Quinazolinylethylamines (e.g.,RH-34)

Natural sources

Cyclized tryptamines:Banisteriopsis caapi (yagé)
Peganum harmala (Syrian rue)
Silene undulata
Tabernanthe iboga (iboga)

Phenethylamines:Pachycereus pringlei (saguesa, elephant cactus, cardon)
Peyote (Lophophora williamsii; peyotl)
Echinopsis cacti (e.g.,San Pedro,Peruvian torch)

Serotonin receptor modulators

5-HT₁

5-HT_1A

Agonists:4-F-5-MeO-pyr-T 5-MeO-pip-T 5-MeO-pyr-T 8-OH-DPAT Adatanserin Amphetamine Antidepressants (e.g.,etoperidone,hydroxynefazodone,nefazodone,trazodone,triazoledione,vilazodone,vortioxetine) Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,aripiprazole,asenapine,brexpiprazole,cariprazine,clozapine,lurasidone,quetiapine,ziprasidone) Azapirones (e.g.,buspirone,eptapirone,gepirone,perospirone,tandospirone) Bay R 1531 Befiradol BMY-14802 Cannabidiol Dimemebfe Dopamine Ebalzotan Eltoprazine Enciprazine Ergolines (e.g.,bromocriptine,cabergoline,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,lisuride,LSD,methylergometrine (methylergonovine),methysergide,pergolide) F-11461 F-12826 F-13714 F-14679 F-15063 F-15599 Flesinoxan Flibanserin Flumexadol Hypidone Lesopitron LY-293284 LY-301317 mCPP MKC-242 Naluzotan NBUMP Osemozotan Oxaflozane Pardoprunox Piclozotan Rauwolscine Repinotan Roxindole RU-24969 S-14506 S-14671 S-15535 Sarizotan Serotonin (5-HT) SSR-181507 Sunepitron Tryptamines (e.g.,5-CT,5-MeO-DMT,5-MT,bufotenin,DMT,indorenate,N-Me-5-HT,psilocin,psilocybin) TGBA01AD TMU4142 U-92016-A Urapidil Vilazodone Xaliproden Yohimbine
Positive allosteric modulators:Oleamide
Antagonists:Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,iloperidone,risperidone,sertindole) AV965 Beta blockers (e.g.,alprenolol,carteolol,cyanopindolol,iodocyanopindolol,isamoltane,oxprenolol,penbutolol,pindobind,pindolol,propranolol,tertatolol) BMY-7378 CSP-2503 Dotarizine Ergolines (e.g.,metergoline) FCE-24379 Flopropione GR-46611 Isamoltane Lecozotan Mefway Metitepine (methiothepin) MIN-117 (WF-516) MPPF NAN-190 Robalzotan S-15535 SB-649915 SDZ 216-525 Spiperone Spiramide Spiroxatrine UH-301 WAY-100135 WAY-100635 Xylamidine
Unknown/unsorted:Acetryptine Carvedilol Ergolines (e.g.,ergometrine (ergonovine))

5-HT_1B

Agonists:Anpirtoline AZ10419369 Benzofurans (e.g.,5-MAPB,6-MAPB,BK-5-MAPB,BK-6-MAPB) Benzothiophenes (e.g.,5-MAPBT,6-MAPBT,BK-5-MAPBT) CGS-12066A CP-93129 CP-94253 CP-122288 CP-135807 Eltoprazine Ergolines (e.g.,bromocriptine,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,methylergometrine (methylergonovine),methysergide,pergolide) mCPP Methylenedioxyphenethylamines (e.g.,MDMA,methylone) PZKKN-94 RU-24969 Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g.,avitriptan,donitriptan,eletriptan,sumatriptan,zolmitriptan) TFMPP Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,5-MT,DMT) Vortioxetine
Antagonists:AR-A000002 Beta blockers (e.g.,alprenolol,carteolol,isamoltane,oxprenolol,penbutolol,propranolol,tertatolol) Elzasonan Ergolines (e.g.,metergoline) GR-127935 Isamoltane LY-393558 Metitepine (methiothepin) SB-216641 SB-224289 SB-236057 Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,cabergoline,ergometrine (ergonovine),lisuride)

5-HT_1D

Agonists:CP-122288 CP-135807 CP-286601 Ergolines (e.g.,bromocriptine,cabergoline,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,LSD,methysergide) GR-46611 L-694247 L-772405 mCPP PNU-109291 PNU-142633 Serotonin (5-HT) TGBA01AD Triptans (e.g.,almotriptan,avitriptan,donitriptan,eletriptan,frovatriptan,naratriptan,rizatriptan,sumatriptan,zolmitriptan) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,5-Et-DMT,5-MT,5-(nonyloxy)tryptamine,DMT)
Antagonists:Alniditan BRL-15572 Elzasonan Ergolines (e.g.,metergoline) GR-127935 Ketanserin LY-310762 LY-367642 LY-393558 LY-456219 LY-456220 Metitepine (methiothepin) Mianserin Ritanserin Yohimbine Ziprasidone
Unknown/unsorted:Acetryptine Ergolines (e.g.,lisuride,lysergol,pergolide)

5-HT_1E

Agonists:BRL-54443 Ergolines (e.g.,methysergide) Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g.,eletriptan) Tryptamines (e.g.,tryptamine)
Antagonists:Metitepine (methiothepin)
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,ergometrine (ergonovine),lysergol,methylergometrine (methylergonovine)

5-HT_1F

Agonists:BRL-54443 CP-122288 Ergolines (e.g.,bromocriptine,lysergol,methylergometrine (methylergonovine)methysergide) Lasmiditan LY-334370 LY-344864 Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g.,eletriptan,naratriptan,sumatriptan) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-MT)
Antagonists:Metitepine (methiothepin) Mianserin

5-HT₂

5-HT_2A

Agonists: 25H/NB series (e.g.,25I-NBF,25I-NBMD,25I-NBOH,25I-NBOMe,25B-NBOMe,25C-NBOMe,25TFM-NBOMe,2CBCB-NBOMe,25CN-NBOH,2CBFly-NBOMe) 2Cs (e.g.,2C-B,2C-E,2C-I,2C-T-2,2C-T-7,2C-T-21) 2C-B-FLY 2CB-Ind 5-Methoxytryptamines (5-MeO-DET,5-MeO-DiPT,5-MeO-DMT,5-MeO-DPT,5-MT) α-Alkyltryptamines (e.g.,5-Cl-αMT,5-Fl-αMT,5-MeO-αET,5-MeO-αMT,α-Me-5-HT,αET,αMT) AL-34662 AL-37350A Bromo-DragonFLY Dimemebfe DMBMPP DOx (e.g.,DOB,DOC,DOI,DOM) Efavirenz Ergolines (e.g.,1P-LSD,ALD-52,bromocriptine,cabergoline,ergine (LSA),ergometrine (ergonovine),ergotamine,lisuride,LA-SS-Az,LSB,LSD,LSD-Pip,LSH,LSP,methylergometrine (methylergonovine),pergolide) Flumexadol IHCH-7113 Jimscaline Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g.,MDA (tenamfetamine),MDMA (midomafetamine),MDOH,MMDA) O-4310 Oxaflozane PHA-57378 PNU-22394 PNU-181731 RH-34 SCHEMBL5334361 Phenethylamines (e.g.,lophophine,mescaline) Piperazines (e.g.,BZP,quipazine,TFMPP) Serotonin (5-HT) TCB-2 TFMFly Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,bufotenin,DET,DiPT,DMT,DPT,psilocin,psilocybin,tryptamine)
Positive allosteric modulators:CTW0404 CTW0419 JPC0323 (R)-Glaucine Oleamide
Antagonists:5-I-R91150 5-MeO-NBpBrT AC-90179 Adatanserin Altanserin Antihistamines (e.g.,cyproheptadine,hydroxyzine,ketotifen,perlapine) AMDA Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,amperozide,aripiprazole,asenapine,blonanserin,brexpiprazole,carpipramine,clocapramine,clorotepine,clozapine,fluperlapine,gevotroline,iloperidone,lurasidone,melperone,mosapramine,ocaperidone,olanzapine,paliperidone,quetiapine,risperidone,sertindole,zicronapine,ziprasidone,zotepine) Chlorprothixene Cinanserin CSP-2503 Deramciclane Dotarizine Eplivanserin Ergolines (e.g.,amesergide,LY-53857,LY-215840,mesulergine,metergoline,methysergide,sergolexole) Fananserin Flibanserin Glemanserin Irindalone Ketanserin KML-010 Landipirdine LY-393558 mCPP Medifoxamine Metitepine (methiothepin) MIN-117 (WF-516) Naftidrofuryl Nantenine Nelotanserin Opiranserin (VVZ-149) Pelanserin Phenoxybenzamine Pimavanserin Pirenperone Pizotifen Pruvanserin Rauwolscine Ritanserin Roluperidone S-14671 Sarpogrelate Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (e.g.,etoperidone,hydroxynefazodone,lubazodone,mepiprazole,nefazodone,triazoledione,trazodone) SR-46349B TGBA01AD Teniloxazine Temanogrel Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,aptazapine,esmirtazapine,maprotiline,mianserin,mirtazapine) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine,fluphenazine,haloperidol,loxapine,perphenazine,pimozide,pipamperone,prochlorperazine,setoperone,spiperone,spiramide,thioridazine,thiothixene,trifluoperazine) Volinanserin Xylamidine Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,dihydroergotamine,nicergoline)

5-HT_2B

Agonists:4-Methylaminorex Aminorex Amphetamines (e.g.,chlorphentermine,cloforex,dexfenfluramine,fenfluramine,levofenfluramine,norfenfluramine) BW-723C86 DOx (e.g.,DOB,DOC,DOI,DOM) Ergolines (e.g.,cabergoline,dihydroergocryptine,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,methylergometrine (methylergonovine),methysergide,pergolide) Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g.,MDA (tenamfetamine),MDMA (midomafetamine),MDOH,MMDA) Piperazines (e.g.,TFMPP) PNU-22394 Ro60-0175 Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,5-MT,α-Me-5-HT,bufotenin,DET,DiPT,DMT,DPT,psilocin,psilocybin,tryptamine)
Antagonists:Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,amisulpride,aripiprazole,asenapine,brexpiprazole,cariprazine,clozapine,N-desalkylquetiapine (norquetiapine),N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine),olanzapine,pipamperone,quetiapine,risperidone,ziprasidone) Cyproheptadine EGIS-7625 Ergolines (e.g.,amesergide,bromocriptine,lisuride,LY-53857,LY-272015,mesulergine) Ketanserin LY-393558 mCPP Metadoxine Metitepine (methiothepin) Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol PRX-08066 Rauwolscine Ritanserin RS-127445 Sarpogrelate SB-200646 SB-204741 SB-206553 SB-215505 SB-221284 SB-228357 SDZ SER-082 Tegaserod Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,mianserin,mirtazapine) Trazodone Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine) TIK-301 Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,ergometrine (ergonovine))

5-HT_2C

Agonists:2Cs (e.g.,2C-B,2C-E,2C-I,2C-T-2,2C-T-7,2C-T-21) 5-Methoxytryptamines (5-MeO-DET,5-MeO-DiPT,5-MeO-DMT,5-MeO-DPT,5-MT) α-Alkyltryptamines (e.g.,5-Cl-αMT,5-Fl-αMT,5-MeO-αET,5-MeO-αMT,α-Me-5-HT,αET,αMT) A-372159 AL-38022A Alstonine CP-809101 Dimemebfe DOx (e.g.,DOB,DOC,DOI,DOM) Ergolines (e.g.,ALD-52,cabergoline,dihydroergotamine,ergine (LSA),ergotamine,lisuride,LA-SS-Az,LSB,LSD,LSD-Pip,LSH,LSP,pergolide) Flumexadol Lorcaserin MDxx (e.g.,MDA (tenamfetamine),MDMA (midomafetamine),MDOH,MMDA) MK-212 ORG-12962 ORG-37684 Oxaflozane PHA-57378 Phenethylamines (e.g.,lophophine,mescaline) Piperazines (e.g.,aripiprazole,BZP,mCPP,quipazine,TFMPP) PNU-22394 PNU-181731 Ro60-0175 Ro60-0213 Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-BT,5-CT,bufotenin,DET,DiPT,DMT,DPT,psilocin,psilocybin,tryptamine) Vabicaserin WAY-629 WAY-161503 YM-348
Positive allosteric modulators:CTW0415 CYD-1-79 JPC0323 Oleamide PNU-69176E VA012 VA240
Antagonists:Adatanserin Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,asenapine,clorotepine,clozapine,fluperlapine,iloperidone,melperone,olanzapine,paliperidone,quetiapine,risperidone,sertindole,ziprasidone,zotepine) Captodiame CEPC Cinanserin Cyproheptadine Deramciclane Desmetramadol Dotarizine Eltoprazine Ergolines (e.g.,amesergide,bromocriptine,LY-53857,LY-215840,mesulergine,metergoline,methysergide,sergolexole) Etoperidone Fluoxetine FR-260010 Irindalone Ketanserin Ketotifen Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Medifoxamine Metitepine (methiothepin) Nefazodone Pirenperone Pizotifen Propranolol Ritanserin RS-102221 S-14671 SB-200646 SB-206553 SB-221284 SB-228357 SB-242084 SB-243213 SDZ SER-082 Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,aptazapine,esmirtazapine,maprotiline,mianserin,mirtazapine) TIK-301 Tramadol Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline,nortriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine,loxapine,pimozide,pipamperone,thioridazine) Xylamidine
Unknown/unsorted:Efavirenz Ergolines (e.g.,ergometrine (ergonovine),methylergometrine (methylergonovine))

5-HT₃_–7

5-HT₃

Agonists:Alcohols (e.g.,butanol,ethanol (alcohol),trichloroethanol) m-CPBG Phenylbiguanide Piperazines (e.g.,BZP,mCPP,quipazine) RS-56812 Serotonin (5-HT) SR-57227 SR-57227A Tryptamines (e.g.,2-Me-5-HT,5-CT,bufotenidine (5-HTQ)) Volatiles/gases (e.g.,halothane,isoflurane,toluene,trichloroethane) YM-31636
Positive allosteric modulators:5-Aminoindole 5-Chloroindole 5-Hydroxyindole Catechol Chloroform meta-Chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG) Colchicine Ethanol (alcohol) Halothane Indole Isoflurane TMPPAA
Antagonists:Alosetron Anpirtoline Arazasetron AS-8112 Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,clozapine,olanzapine,quetiapine) Azasetron Batanopride Bemesetron (MDL-72222) Cilansetron CSP-2503 Dazopride Dolasetron Galanolactone Granisetron Lerisetron Memantine Ondansetron Palonosetron Ramosetron Renzapride Ricasetron Tedatioxetine Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,mianserin,mirtazapine) Thujone Tropanserin Tropisetron Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,loxapine) Volatiles/gases (e.g.,nitrous oxide,sevoflurane,xenon) Vortioxetine Zacopride Zatosetron
Negative allosteric modulators:Bupropion Colchicine Hydroxybupropion
Unknown/unsorted:LY-53857 Piperazines (e.g.,naphthylpiperazine)

5-HT₄

Agonists:5-MT BIMU8 Capeserod Cinitapride Cisapride CJ-033466 Dazopride Metoclopramide Minesapride Mosapride Prucalopride PRX-03140 Renzapride RS-67333 RS-67506 Serotonin (5-HT) Tegaserod Usmarapride Velusetrag Zacopride
Antagonists:GR-113808 GR-125487 L-Lysine Piboserod RS-39604 RS-67532 SB-203186 SB-204070

5-HT_5A

Agonists:Ergolines (e.g.,2-Br-LSD (BOL-148),ergotamine,LSD) Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-CT) UCSF648 Valerenic acid
Antagonists:Asenapine Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Metitepine (methiothepin) Ritanserin SB-699551 Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,metergoline,methysergide) Piperazines (e.g.,naphthylpiperazine)

5-HT₆

Agonists:Ergolines (e.g.,dihydroergocryptine,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,lisuride,LSD,mesulergine,metergoline,methysergide) Hypidone Serotonin (5-HT) Tryptamines (e.g.,2-Me-5-HT,5-BT,5-CT,5-MT,Bufotenin,E-6801,E-6837,EMD-386088,EMDT,LY-586713,N-Me-5-HT,ST-1936,tryptamine) WAY-181187 WAY-208466
Antagonists:ABT-354 Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,aripiprazole,asenapine,clorotepine,clozapine,fluperlapine,iloperidone,olanzapine,tiospirone) AVN-101 AVN-211 AVN-322 AVN-397 BGC20-760 BVT-5182 BVT-74316 Cerlapirdine EGIS-12233 GW-742457 Idalopirdine Ketanserin Landipirdine Latrepirdine (dimebolin) Masupirdine Metitepine (methiothepin) MS-245 PRX-07034 PZKKN-94 Ritanserin Ro 04-6790 Ro 63-0563 SB-258585 SB-271046 SB-357134 SB-399885 SB-742457 Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,mianserin) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline,clomipramine,doxepin,nortriptyline) Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine,loxapine)
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,2-Br-LSD (BOL-148),bromocriptine,lergotrile,pergolide) Piperazines (e.g.,naphthylpiperazine)

5-HT₇

Agonists:8-OH-DPAT AS-19 Bifeprunox E-55888 Ergolines (e.g.,LSD) LP-12 LP-44 LP-211 RU-24969 Sarizotan Serotonin (5-HT) Triptans (e.g.,frovatriptan) Tryptamines (e.g.,5-CT,5-MT,bufotenin,N-Me-5-HT)
Antagonists:Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,amisulpride,aripiprazole,asenapine,brexpiprazole,clorotepine,clozapine,fluperlapine,olanzapine,risperidone,sertindole,tiospirone,ziprasidone,zotepine) Butaclamol DR-4485 EGIS-12233 Ergolines (e.g.,2-Br-LSD (BOL-148),amesergide,bromocriptine,cabergoline,dihydroergotamine,ergotamine,LY-53857,LY-215840,mesulergine,metergoline,methysergide,sergolexole) JNJ-18038683 Ketanserin LY-215840 Metitepine (methiothepin) Ritanserin SB-258719 SB-258741 SB-269970 SB-656104 SB-656104A SB-691673 SLV-313 SLV-314 Spiperone SSR-181507 Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine,maprotiline,mianserin,mirtazapine) Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline,clomipramine,imipramine) Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,acetophenazine,chlorpromazine,chlorprothixene,fluphenazine,loxapine,pimozide) Vortioxetine
Negative allosteric modulators:Oleamide
Unknown/unsorted:Ergolines (e.g.,lisuride,pergolide) Piperazines (e.g.,naphthylpiperazine)

See also:Receptor/signaling modulators
Adrenergics
Dopaminergics
Melatonergics
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors andreleasing agents
Monoamine metabolism modulators
Monoamine neurotoxins

Phenethylamines

Entactogens:Lophophine
MDPEA
MDMPEA

Amphetamines

Phentermines

Entactogens:MDPH
MDMPH

Others:Cericlamine

Cathinones

Phenylisobutylamines
(and further-extended)

Stimulants:α-Propylphenethylamine
Hexapradol
Phenylisobutylamine (α-ethylphenethylamine)

Catecholamines
(and close relatives)

Cyclized
phenethylamines

Phenylalkylpyrrolidines	α-PBP α-PHP α-PPP α-PVP MDPBP MDPPP MDPV 4-MePBP 4-MePHP 4-MePPP Fluorolintane MOPPP MOPVP MPBP MPEP MPHP MPPP Naphyrone PEP Prolintane Pyrovalerone
2-Benzylpiperidines (phenidates)	2-Benzylpiperidine 3-Bromomethylphenidate 3-Chloromethylphenidate 3-Methylmethylphenidate 3,4-Dichloro-2-benzylpiperidine 3,4-Dichloroethylphenidate 3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate 4-Bromoethylphenidate 4-Bromomethylphenidate 4-Chloromethylphenidate 4-Fluoroethylphenidate 4-Fluoroisopropylphenidate 4-Fluoromethylphenidate 4-Methyl-2-benzylpiperidine 4-Methylisopropylphenidate 4-Methylmethylphenidate 4-Nitromethylphenidate α-Acetyl-2-benzylpiperidine α-Keto-2-benzylpiperidine CPMBP Desoxypipradrol (2-DPMP) Difemetorex Ethylnaphthidate (HDEP-28) Ethylphenidate Isopropylnaphthidate Isopropylphenidate MDMPH Methylnaphthidate (HDMP-28) Methylphenidate Phacetoperane Pipradrol Propylphenidate Rimiterol Ritalinamide Ritalinic acid SCH-5472 Serdexmethylphenidate
Phenylmorpholines (phenmetrazines)	(2R,3R)-Hydroxybupropion 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromophenyl)morpholine 2-Fluorophenmetrazine 2-Methylphenmetrazine 2-Phenylmorpholine 2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine 3-Chlorophenmetrazine (PAL-594) 3-Fluorophenetrazine 3-Fluorophenmetrazine (PAL-593) 3-Methoxyphenmetrazine 3-Methylphenmetrazine (PAL-773) 4-Fluorophenmetrazine (PAL-748) 4-Methylphendimetrazine 4-Methylphenmetrazine (PAL-747) 2C-B-morpholine Fenbutrazate Fenmetramide Flumexadol G-130 Isophenmetrazine Manifaxine Methylenedioxyphenmetrazine Morazone N-Ethylphenmetrazol Naphthylmetrazine (PAL-704) Naphthylmorpholine (PAL-678) Oxaflozane PDM-35 PF-219,061) Phendimetrazine Phenetrazine Phenmetetrazine Phenmetrazine Phenmetrazol Pseudophenmetrazine Radafaxine ((2S,3S)-hydroxybupropion)
Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes)	3-Methylaminorex 4-Ethylaminorex (4-EAR) 4'-Fluoroaminorex 4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR) 4,4'-Dimethylaminorex (4,4'-DMAR) 2C-B-aminorex 2F-MAR 4B-MAR 4C-MAR 4F-MAR Aminorex Clominorex Cyclazodone Ephedroxane Fenozolone Fluminorex MDMAR Methylenedioxyaminorex (MDAR) N-Methylcyclazodone N,N-Dimethylaminorex Pemoline Thozalinone
Isoquinolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines	Anhalamine Anhalidine Anhalinine Anhalonidine Anhalonine Anhalotine Arizonine Calycotomine Carnegine (pectenine) Corypalline Debrisoquine Deglucopterocereine Deutetrabenazine Diclofensine DOB-CR DOM-CR Esproquin Gigantine Hedycarine Heliamine Hydrastinine Hydrocotarnine Hydrohydrastinine (MDMTHIQ; MDMA-CR) Isoanhalamine Isoanhalidine Isoanhalonidine Isocorypalline Isopellotine Isosalsoline Lemaireocereine Longimammamine Longimammatine Longimammidine Longimammosine Lophocerine Lophophorine Lophotine MDMA-CR Mescalotam N-Methylanhalinine N-Methylheliamine N-Methylisosalsoline N-Methyl-DOM-CR (Beatrice-CR) N-Methyl-THIQ (METH-CR) Nomifensine Norsalsolinol Nortehaunine Norweberine O-Methylanhalonidine O-Methylpellotine Pachycereine Pellotine Perafensine Peyoglutam Peyophorine Peyotine PMMA-CR Quinisocaine Reticuline Salsolidine Salsoline Salsolinol TDIQ (MDTHIQ, MDA-CR) Tehaunine TehaunineN-oxide Tepenine Tetrabenazine Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ; AMPH-CR) Tetrahydropapaveroline Tilisolol Tretoquinol Uberine Valbenazine Weberidine Weberine Zelandopam
2-Aminoindanes	2-Aminoindane (2-AI) 5-IAI Aprindine BFAI BFMAI DHAI DOM-AI ETAI Indantadol MDAI MDMAI MEAI (5-MeO-AI) MMAI NM-2-AI PNU-99,194 Pyr-AI TAI
2-Aminotetralins	2-Aminotetralin (2-AT) 5-OH-DPAT 6-CAT 7-OH-DPAT 8-OH-DPAT AS-19 CHF-1024 DOM-AT MDAT MDMAT Nolomirole UH-232
Others / unsorted	1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g.,2CB-Ind,AMMI,bromojimscaline,jimscaline) 2-ADN 2-Benzhydrylpyrrolidine 2C-B-5-hemiFLY-α6 (BNAP) 2C-B-PYR 2CBecca 2CB7 2CJP 2CLisaB 2CLisaH 3-Benzazepines (e.g.,fenoldopam,lorcaserin,7-chlorolorcaserin,SCHEMBL5334361) 3-Benzhydrylmorpholine 3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g.,3-phenylpiperidine,3-PPP,OSU-6162 (PNU-96391),LPH-5,LPH-48,Z3517967757 (Z7757)) 6-AB AL-1095 Aminochromes (e.g.,adrenochrome,adrenolutin) Benzocyclobutenes (e.g.,2CBCB-NBOMe,bromotomscaline,S33005,TCB-2,tomscaline) Benzoxepins (e.g.,BBOX,IBOX,TFMBOX) Butyltolylquinuclidine Camfetamine Cypenamine (trans-2-phenylcyclopentylamine) Diphenidine Diphenylprolinol DMBMPP Ergolines (e.g.,LSD) Fencamfamin GYKI-52895 HDMP-29 Ivabradine Methoxphenidine Methylmorphenate Milnacipran MT-45 2-Naphthylamine Org 6582 Partial ergolines (e.g.,NDTDI,RU-27849,DEIMDHPCA,DEMPDHPCA,DEMPDHPCA-2C-D,RU-27251) PF-592,379 Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g.,DMCPA,TMT,tranylcypromine) Phenylpiracetams (e.g.,phenylpiracetam,MRZ-9547,RGPU-95) Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g.,lumateperone,deulumateperone,IHCH-7079,IHCH-7086,IHCH-7113,ITI-1549) Tetrahydrobenzopyranylamines (e.g.,CT-5126) Tolazoline Tricyclics (e.g.,AMDA,AMDH,benzoctamine,dizocilpine,SpAMDA) ZC-B