The28thCongress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2 July, 1990 – 13 July, 1990) was held inMoscow. It was held a year ahead of the traditional schedule and turned out to be the last congress of theCommunist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in the history of the party. Notably, this congress displayed open factionalism: opposing views were championed by the centrist "CPSU Central Committee platform" (supported byGorbachev), the liberal "Democratic Platform" (which includedBoris Yeltsin) and the conservative "Marxist Platform".^[1]

• Mikhail Gorbachev was reelectedGeneral Secretary with a 3411 to 1116 vote. Gorbachev's challenger, Teimuraz Avaliani, received 501 votes with 4020 opposing.^[2][3]
• Vladimir Ivashko was elected deputy general secretary, defeatingYegor Ligachyov.^[3]
• A new Party Statute was passed, which formalized the end of the monopoly of power of the CPSU announced at the previousParty Congress.
• TheNew Union Treaty project was proposed by Gorbachev.
• Boris Yeltsin and some others resigned from the party after the "Democratic Platform" group failed to advance the transition to a parliamentary structure of the organization, while the "Marxist Platform" failed to oppose Gorbachev's reforms of "healingsocialism bycapitalism".
• The congress failed to issue the nextProgram, and issued only a Program Declaration.

The firstPlenum of the new28th Central Committee was held 13-14 July, and with the exception of Gorbachev, a completely new28th Politburo was elected.

Various organizations claiming to be the successor of the CPSU have held congresses continuing the numbering established by the CPSU and its predecessors. TheCommunist Party of the Soviet Union (1992) held its so-called 29th Restorative CPSU Congress in 1992 declaring the CPSU reinstated. Similarly, theUnion of Communist Parties — Communist Party of the Soviet Union, established in 1993, has also held congresses starting from 29th, the most recent being the 33rd Congress.^[4]

• Jonathan Harris.Subverting the System: Gorbachev's Reform of the Party's Apparat, 1986-1991. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005.ISBN 978-0-7425-2679-2; Ch. 6:Towards the 28th Congress of the CPSU: 1990, pp. 107–120
• Bill Keller,EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; Soviet Party: Hazy Future.The New York Times, July 13, 1990. Accessed October 18, 2008

• Documents and Materials. 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union inPDF format

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